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Effect Of Fiber Source And Crude Protein Level On Nursery Pig Performance, K. L. Batson, H. I. Calderón, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (200 × 400; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially = 11.0 lb) were used in a 45-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of fiber source and crude protein level on growth performance and fecal dry matter of nursery pigs. Upon arrival to the nursery research facility, pigs were randomly assigned to pens with 5 pigs per pen and 9 replicate pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 completely random­ized factorial with main effects of crude protein (21 or 18% CP) and fiber source (none, coarse wheat bran, oat hulls, or cellulose; …

Evaluation Of Nutritional Strategies To Reduce Growth Rate Of Pigs Beyond 200 Lb Body Weight, Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 356 finishing pigs (DNA; 241 × 600; initially 196.3 ± 2.43 lb) were used in a44-d growth trial to evaluate nutritional strategies to reduce growth rate of pigs beyond200 lb body weight. A total of 3 diets were manufactured (control, Lys-deficient, andcorn) and arranged into 4 nutritional strategies. In stage 1 (d 0 to 28), pens received oneof two dietary treatments (control or Lys-deficient). Then on d 28, pens of pigs previouslyfed the control diet were separated into 2 groups, one fed the control diet and theother the corn diet. Pens …

Effects Of Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio On Growth And Carcass Performance Of Finishing Pigs Fed Ractopamine Hcl, H. E. Williams, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. A. Soto

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent research has reported that increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio above 20% in finishing pigs fed ractopamine HCl (RAC) resulted in improved growth and carcass performance, however, this response has been inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding high SID Trp:Lys ratios with RAC on growth and carcass performance. A total of 1,791 finishing pigs (PIC 1050 × 337, initially 245.1 lb BW) were used in a 27-d study to evaluate the effects of feeding high SID Trp:Lys ratios on growth and carcass performance of pigs fed ractopamine HCl (RAC, Paylean, …

Response Of Kansas Feral Rye Populations To Aggressor Herbicide And Management In Coaxium Wheat Production System, V. Kumar, R. Liu, T. Lambert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feral rye (Secale cerealeL.), also commonly known as cereal or volunteer rye, is a trou­blesome winter annual grass weed species in wheat producing regions of the United States, including Kansas. Lack of effective herbicide options complicates the selective control of feral rye in winter wheat. The main objectives of this research were (1) to determine the response of 10 feral rye populations collected from central Kansas wheat fields to Aggressor herbicide in dose-response assays, and (2) to evaluate the effective­ness of Aggressor herbicide for feral rye control in CoAXium winter wheat in Kansas. Dose-response assays indicated that all …

Long-Term Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilization Of Irrigated Corn, Alan J. Schlegel, H. Dewayne Bond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Long-term research shows that phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer must be applied to optimize production of irrigated corn in western Kansas. In 2019, N applied alone increased yields by 71 bu/a, whereas P applied alone increased yields by 10 bu/a. Nitrogen and P applied together increased yields up to 131 bu/a, which is 10 bu/a less than the 10-year average of 141 bu/a. Application of 120 lb/a N (with highest P rate) produced 97% of maximum yield in 2019, which is slightly greater than the 10-year average. Application of 80 instead of 40 lb P₂O₅/a …

Fertilizer Source And Rate Affect Sulfur Uptake And Yield Response In Corn, T. E. Husa, D. A. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

With sulfur deficiencies being found throughout Kansas, the evaluation of sulfur fertilization and plant uptake are vital to optimize corn production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application rates of sulfur on yield and uptake in corn. Nutrient concentrations in corn biomass and grain were evaluated at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field at Rossville, KS, in 2019. Five treatments were evalu­ated, including a control with no sulfur and no nitrogen (N), and four fertilizer treat­ments with 180 lb of nitrogen and four rates of sulfur fertilizer (0, 30, 50, and 200 lb S/a). The …

Using Modified Intensive Early Stocking For Cow/Calf Production, Keith R. Harmoney, John R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Intensive early stocking (IES) was introduced nearly a half century ago in eastern Kan­sas and has since been adopted as a major management tool to increase animal produc­tion, efficiency of production, and economic return on tallgrass rangelands. These in­creases have come almost exclusively by using IES with young stocker animals. Intensive early stocking and its gains have been proven effective repeatedly in published research. A similar modified IES (MIES) system has increased production efficiency of stocker animals on western Kansas rangelands. Perennial grassland acres for cattle produc­tion, as well as cattle numbers, are declining. Using management practices that mimic the …

Response Of Dicamba/Fluroxypyr/Glyphosate-Resistant Kochia To Atrazine And Alternative Postemergence Herbicides, R. Liu, V. Kumar, R. Currie, P. W. Geier, T. Lambert, P. W. Stahlman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two kochia accessions (KS-4A and KS-4H) were previously identified from a corn field near Garden City, KS, with multiple resistance to glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax), dicamba (Clarity), and fluroxypyr (Starane Ultra). The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the response of these kochia accessions to preemer­gence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) applied atrazine (Aatrex) in dose-response assays, and (2) determine the effectiveness of alternative POST herbicides. Seeds of a known susceptible kochia accession (SUS) collected from research fields in Hays, KS, were used for comparison. Greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, …

Determining The Phosphorus Release Curve For Smizyme Ts G5 2,500 Phytase In Nursery Pigs, M. R. Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, H. I. Calderón, J. M. Faser, B. L. Guo

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 280 nursery pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 22.8 lb) were used in a 21-d growth trial to determine the available P (aP) release curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 (Origination, LLC., Maplewood, MN). Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, randomly allotted to pens based on initial body weight (BW), and fed common starter diets. On d 21 post-weaning, considered d 0 of the study, pens were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment. Seven 1-ton batches of basal …

Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-Term Fertilizer Placement In Different Kansas Soils, M. J. Coelho, D. A. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil types under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after ten years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted at Scandia, Ottawa, and Manhattan. Three treatments were evaluated: 1) a control with no P fertilizer application and two fertilizer treatments (80 lb P₂O …

Response Of Soybean Grown On A Claypan Soil In Southeastern Kansas To The Residual Of Different Plant Nutrient Sources And Tillage, D. W. Sweeney, P. Barnes, G. Pierzynski

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The residual from previous high-rate turkey litter applications, which were based on nitrogen (N) requirements of the previous grain sorghum crop, increased 2019 soybean yield more than that obtained from the residual of phosphorus (P)-based turkey litter applications (low rate) or the control. Even though early soybean growth was unaffected by residual treatments, the dry matter production at the R6 growth stage was greater with N-based litter application than with P-based applications or the control.

Effect Of Burning And Tillage Options On Yields In A Continuous Wheat-Double-Crop Soybean Rotation, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Double-crop soybean yields during the first two years of this study have not been affected by management of previous wheat straw practices by burning or tillage done before planting. However, by the second year of the study, subsequent wheat yields were 41% greater where the wheat residue had been burned the previous year.

Southeast Research And Extension Center Agricultural Research 2020

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research report for the Southeast Research and Extension Center, Kansas State University, 2020

A Pilot Experiment To Replace Missing Rainfall Events Using Soil Moisture Information From The Kansas Mesonet, N. Parker, A. Patrignani

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Kansas Mesonet is a state-of-the-art environmental monitoring network that provides accurate rainfall measurements across Kansas. However, missing rainfall records are common problems in weather stations that rely on tipping bucket rain gauges. In this study, we conducted a pilot experiment to estimate missing rainfall records from root-zone soil moisture information recorded at Kansas Mesonet stations. Soil moisture is recorded at depths of 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm using the Campbell Scien­tific CS655 soil water reflectometer. Hourly rainfall and soil moisture data from mid- August 2017 to mid-May 2018 were taken from three stations (Lakin, Manhattan, and Hays) of …

Dynamics Of Post-Flowering Nitrogen Uptake And Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency Using 15n Isotope Labeling In Corn, J. A. Fernandez, J. B. Nippert, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In corn (Zea maysL.), breeding and selection for grain yield over time has been accom­panied by a simultaneous increase in plant nitrogen (N) uptake. The understanding of plant N dynamics has attracted attention due to the environmental concerns related to N losses coming from fertilization. This research study was implemented to 1) describe N uptake and allocation dynamics, and 2) quantify fertilizer recovery efficiency across late-N strategies. Two field experiments (one under irrigation and one rainfed) were conducted at the Ashland Bottoms Research Farm, KS, during 2017. Three hybrids with different year of release and three N scenarios …

Effect Of Late Season Management Practices On Soybean Seed Filling And Yield, F. E. Baronio, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

For soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.), final seed yield is primarily explained by modifications in the seed number per unit area. However, changes in individual seed weight can contribute to variations in seed yield. Final seed weight is defined by the amount of biomass accumulated in seeds per day (i.e., rate of seed growth) and the duration of this phase (i.e., number of days for seed filling). During the seed filling period, the seed growth rate and the duration are sensitive to growing conditions. Thus, any limitation on resources availability (e.g., water, radiation, and nutrients) during this period can …

Weed Management And Soybean Yields As Influenced By Row Width And Post-Emergent Herbicide Application Timing, S. R. Duncan, E. A. Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Irrigated soybeans were grown in 2018 and 2019 at the Kansas River Valley Experi­ment Field near Rossville, KS. Soybeans were planted in 30-inch or 15-inch rows and a standard pre-emergent herbicide was applied. Planting dates were May 11 and June 4 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The post-emergent herbicide was applied at approxi­mately 21 or 35 days following soybean planting (DAP). Weed control and crop injury were visually evaluated approximately every seven days following herbicide application. Yields, moisture, and test weights were calculated from the center two rows in 30-inch plots and four rows in 15-inch plots after combine harvest. …

Wheat Stubble Height On Subsequent Corn And Grain Sorghum Crops, A. Schlegel, A. Burnett, L. Haag

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A field study initiated in 2006 at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Tribune, KS, was designed to evaluate the effects of three wheat stubble heights on subsequent grain yields of corn and grain sorghum. Corn and sorghum yields in 2019 were greater than the long-term average. When averaged from 2007 through 2019, corn grain yields were 8–9 bu/a greater when planted into either high or strip-cut stubble than into low-cut stubble. Average grain sorghum yields were 5 bu/a greater in high-cut stubble than low-cut stubble. Similarly, water use efficiency was greater for high or strip-cut stubble for corn and greater …

Occasional Tillage And Nitrogen Application Effects On Winter Wheat And Grain Sorghum Yield, Augustine K. Obour, John D. Holman, Alan J. Schlegel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Occasional tillage ahead of winter wheat planting could alleviate herbicide-resistant weeds, redistribute soil acidification, and improve seedbed at wheat planting. The objec­tive of this study was to determine occasional tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilizer ap­plication effects on winter wheat, and grain sorghum yields and soil quality in a wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. Treatments were three tillage practices: 1) continuous no-tillage (NT); 2) continuous reduced-tillage (RT); and 3) single tillage operation every 3 years (June-July) ahead of winter wheat planting [occasional tillage (OT)]. The sub-plot treatments were assigned to four N fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 lb/a of N). Results …

Effects Of Different Corn Protein Sources And Level On Nursery Pig Growth Performance And Feed Efficiency, Z. X. Rao, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, H. I. Calderón, K. Mertz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of 3 corn protein sources added at the expense of other specialty protein sources or corn on nursery pig growth performance and feed efficiency (F/G), and economic return. A total of 315 pigs (241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 12.1 lb) were used in a 35-d growth trial. There were 5 pigs per pen and 9 replicates per treatment. The treatments were struc­tured as a randomized complete block design and arranged in a 3×2+1 factorial with main effects of corn protein source (CP1, CP2, and CP3; Cargill Inc., Blair, NE) and …

Influence Of Enogen Feed Corn And Conventional Yellow Dent Corn In Pelleted- Or Meal-Based Diets On Finishing Pig Performance And Carcass Characteristics, H. R. Williams, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, C. B. Paulk, H. K. Wecker, H. I. Calderón

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 288 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 117 lb) were used in a 72-d trial to evaluate the influence of Enogen Feed corn (Enogen, Syngenta Seeds, LLC; Downers Grove, IL) and conventional yellow dent corn in pelleted or meal diets on finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs were randomly assigned to pens (8 pigs per pen) and pens were allotted by weight to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 9 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed …

Effect Of Pellet Cooling Method, Sample Preparation, Storage Condition, And Storage Time On Phytase Activity Of A Swine Diet, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Temperature and moisture content have been identified as two factors that influ­ence enzyme inactivation. Phytase may be further degraded in feed samples if there is moisture left in the sample and it is not properly stored prior to analysis. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of cooling method, sample preparation, storage condition, and storage time on phytase stability. In Exp. 1, treat­ments were arranged in 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of sample preparation (none or freeze-dried) and storage condition (ambient storage or freezer storage). Diets were mixed 3 separate times to provide 3 …

Efficacy Of Feed Additives Against Swine Viruses In Feed, G. E. Nichols, J. T. Gebhardt, C. K. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, J. Bai, J. W. Anderson, E. Porter, F. B. Sandberg, A. Singrey, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research has demonstrated that swine viruses can be transmitted via feed. There­fore, strategies are needed to prevent or mitigate swine viruses in feed. The use of chemical feed additives is a strategy that has been shown to have potential utility for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available formaldehyde-based feed additive, medium chain fatty acid blend (MCFA), and commercially available fatty acid-based products for mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as viral mitigants in a feed matrix. Experimental treatments consisted of: …

Using A Co2 Surgical Laser For Piglet Castration To Reduce Pain And Inflammation, And To Improve Wound Healing, A. V. Viscardi, C. A. Cull, M. D. Kleinhenz, S. Montgomery, A. Curtis, K. Lechtenberg, J. F. Coetzee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objectives of this preliminary study were to determine the ability of a CO₂surgical laser to 1) reduce pain, 2) reduce inflammation, and 3) improve wound healing of piglets undergoing surgical castration. Two-day old male Yorkshire × Landrace piglets were used and randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n= 10 piglets/treatment group): surgical castration with the CO₂laser, surgical castration with a scalpel, or sham (uncastrated control). Piglets were video recorded in their pens for 1 h pre-procedure and from 0-2, 6-8, and at 24 h post-procedure for behavior scoring. Surgical site images were …

Cattlemen's Day 2020

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research on beef cattle management, nutrition, and meat science at Kansas State University.

Factors Affecting The Sale Price Of Bred Heifers And Bred Cows Sold Through Superior Livestock Video Auctions, M. J. Smith, E. D. Mccabe, M. E. King, K. E. Fike, G. M. Rogers, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate potential factors influencing the sale price of bred heifers and bred cows sold through video auctions while adjusting for all other factors that significantly influenced prices.

Study Description:Descriptive characteristics of lots offered for sale were obtained through a livestock video auction service (Superior Livestock Auction, Fort Worth, TX). Data were available on 1,870 lots of bred heifers sold through video auctions from 2010 through 2018 and 1,237 lots of bred cows sold through video auctions from 2011 through 2018. Two separate multiple regression models were developed to determine …

Characterization Of A Commercial Whey Protein Hydrolysate And Its Use As A Binding Agent In The Whey Protein Isolate Agglomeration Process, B. Zaitoun, N. Palmer, J. Amamcharla

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soy lecithin is a commonly used binder in agglomerating dairy powders. Due to the increase in consumer awareness on “clean label” and also to increase the shelf-life of agglomerated whey protein isolate (WPI), the demand of lecithin-free agglomerated WPI has increased. In this work, whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) was utilized as a binder to facilitate the agglomeration of WPI. The first objective was to characterize the chemical properties of three lots of WPH obtained from a commercial manufac­turer. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of WPH was 13.82–15.35% and not significantly (P>0.05) different between the lots. It was observed …

Complete Luteolysis And Pregnancy Per Insemination After Modifying The Standard 7-Day Ovsynch Program In Dairy Cows, J. S. Stevenson, B. Atanasov

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted with Holstein-Friesian cows in the Republic of North Macedonia and with Holstein cows in Kansas. We hypothesized that a single standard dose of PGF_2αinjected on day 8 instead of day 7 in the standard Ovsynch program would increase the proportion of cows with complete luteolysis and increase the synchronization risk compared with control cows receiving a standard dose on day 7. Cows were treated with the standard program (Ov-7x1) or with Ov-8x1 experimental program in experiment 1, using only a single dose of PGF_2α. In experiment 2, a third treatment was added …

Sensory Evaluation From Asian Consumers Of Six Different Beef Shank Cuts, W. Wu, E. A. Rice, B. A. Olson, T. G. O'Quinn, T. A. Houser, E. A. Boyle, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate factors affecting Asian consumers’ purchasing decisions and eating preferences of six different beef shank cuts.

Study Description:Six different beef shank cuts, three from the forequarter [biceps brachii (shank A); a combination of deep digital flexor and flexor digitorum superficialis (shank B); extensor carpi radialis (shank C)], and three from the hindquarter [flexor digitorum superficialis (shank D); deep digital flexor (shank E); and a combination of long digital extensor, medial digital extensor and peroneus tertius (shank F)] were collected from 12 U.S. Department of Agriculture Low Choice beef carcasses. …

Water Savings And ‘Innovation’ Zoysiagrass Quality In Response To Irrigation Strategy, Manoj Chhetri, Jack Fry, Megan Kennelly, Dale Bremer, Jared Hoyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Performance of ‘Innovation’ zoysiagrass was evaluated under four irrigation regimes: a) routine irrigation (1.2 inches weekly); b) evapotranspiration (ET)-based irriga­tion (60% of estimated ET); c) soil water sensor (SWS)-based irrigation; and d) no irrigation. The SWS-based irrigation method reduced water application by 72% and 56%, respectively, compared to routine or ET-based irrigation. Visual turf quality of turf receiving SWS-based irrigation remained above the minimal acceptable level throughout the study. Innovation zoysiagrass sustained acceptable quality for more than 21 days with no irrigation, and nonirrigated turf recovered fully within four weeks after irrigation treatments ceased and turf was well irrigated. Soil …