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Don’T Fear The Reader: Librarian Versus Interlibrary Loan Patron-Driven Acquisition Of Print Books At An Academic Library By Relative Collecting Level And By Library Of Congress Classes And Subclasses, David C. Tyler, Joyce C. Melvin, Marylou Epp, Anita M. Kreps Sep 2014

Don’T Fear The Reader: Librarian Versus Interlibrary Loan Patron-Driven Acquisition Of Print Books At An Academic Library By Relative Collecting Level And By Library Of Congress Classes And Subclasses, David C. Tyler, Joyce C. Melvin, Marylou Epp, Anita M. Kreps

UNL Libraries: Faculty Publications

Recently, a great deal of literature on patron-driven acquisition (PDA) has been published that addresses the implementation and results of PDA programs at academic libraries. However, despite widespread worries that PDA will lead to unbalanced collections, little attention has been paid to whether patrons’ and librarians’ purchasing differ significantly. This study analyzes librarians’ and PDA patrons’ acquisitions at an academic library by relative collecting level and by subject (that is, Library of Congress class and subclass) to determine whether concern over patrons’ collecting are warranted.


The Role Of Employee Engagement In Revitalizing Creativity And Innovation At The Workplace: A Survey Of Selected Libraries In Meru County - Kenya, Paul Maku Gichohi Mr. Sep 2014

The Role Of Employee Engagement In Revitalizing Creativity And Innovation At The Workplace: A Survey Of Selected Libraries In Meru County - Kenya, Paul Maku Gichohi Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Creativity and innovation can neither be imposed nor can it be driven by disengaged employees. This study postulated that the level of employee engagement spurs creativity and innovation in the library. It aimed to establish the empirical evidence on whether employee engagement affects the level of creativity and innovation in libraries. It investigated the effects of employee engagement on creativity and innovation suggests improved model on the same. The study used descriptive cross-sectional survey design to examine three purposively selected libraries. Structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect research data. Descriptive, correlation, regression, t-test and ANOVA were used …


A Scientometric Study Of Journal Of Bio-Chemistry And Bio-Physics (Ijbb), Madhu Bala, Mahender Pratap Singh Aug 2014

A Scientometric Study Of Journal Of Bio-Chemistry And Bio-Physics (Ijbb), Madhu Bala, Mahender Pratap Singh

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract:

Scientometric is branch of Science. Scientometric explain about input and output resources in term of organisational structure. Scientometric is the Science of measuring and analyzing Science. Modern Scientometric is mostly based on the work of Derek J.de Solla Price and Eugene Garfield. This paper critically analyses 316 scholarly communications published in the Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Bio-Physics. Indian Journal of Bio-Chemistry and Bio-Physics, formerly known as IJBB. It is a peer reviewed, open access bio-monthly Journal published by NISCAIR. The analysis cover mainly the number of articles, form of document cited, most cited Journals etc. Study reveals that …


Bibliometric Portrait Of Srels Journal Of Information Management For The Period 2004-2013, Ghouse Modin N. Mamdapur Mr., Iqbalahmad U. Rajgoli Dr., Santosh M. Chavan Mr., Kiran S. Khamitkar Mr. Aug 2014

Bibliometric Portrait Of Srels Journal Of Information Management For The Period 2004-2013, Ghouse Modin N. Mamdapur Mr., Iqbalahmad U. Rajgoli Dr., Santosh M. Chavan Mr., Kiran S. Khamitkar Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Analyse articles in SRELS journal of information management published during the years 2004-2013 and to study the key dimensions of its publication trends. For this study 10 volumes containing 48 issues have been taken up for evaluation. Necessary bibliometric measures are applied to analyse different publication parameters. In all 499 articles are published with an average 49 articles each year. The collaborative measures are calculated as per Ajiferuke et al (0.35), Lawani (2.28) and Subramanyam (0.65). The average author per article is 1.83 for 499 articles. Lotka’s law is tested and conforms to a value of n=2.27. There are 6224 …


Anemia Research In India: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Publications Output During 1993–2013., Jeyshankar -. Ramalingam -, Vellai Chamy A Aug 2014

Anemia Research In India: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Publications Output During 1993–2013., Jeyshankar -. Ramalingam -, Vellai Chamy A

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study is made an attempt to make the quantitative study of research output on anemia disease. Data of the present study is obtained from Scopus (http:// www.scopus.com) online multidisciplinary database for the period 1993–2013.The study reveals that 5085 papers were published during the period under study. The highest number of papers (739) is published in the year 2013 but it received 178 citations only. The minimum number (47) of papers is published in the year of 1996, but they have received 3245 citations. The study reveals that lowest number (0.56%) of citations received in the year 2013. The study …


Using Outreach To Inform, Maintain And Evaluate Your Collection [Presentation Slides], Kiyomi D. Deards Aug 2014

Using Outreach To Inform, Maintain And Evaluate Your Collection [Presentation Slides], Kiyomi D. Deards

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Conference Presentations and Speeches

Increasing responsibilities, coupled with larger student bodies and corresponding increases in teaching and research faculty and staff, have made it difficult for many librarians and information professionals to spend time on collection development. This presentation will demonstrate how both formal and informal outreach efforts can inform collection development of Chemistry resources, the evaluation of existing resources, and guide collection maintenance efforts.


Mets For The Cultural Heritage Community: A Literature Review, Sharon Cheslow Aug 2014

Mets For The Cultural Heritage Community: A Literature Review, Sharon Cheslow

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard) is an XML-based, data communication standard used for digital collections in cultural heritage institutions, including libraries, archives, and museums, and maintained by the Library of Congress. Recent articles have been written for those in the cultural heritage community who may find METS beneficial. Even so, the uses of METS are still being discovered in terms of best practices and interoperability. One of the main issues with METS is how it can be used with external schemas such as MODS, PREMIS, or Dublin Core. This paper includes a brief description of METS as a wrapper …


Foxes Propose New Guidelines For Henhouse Design: Comments On Niso’S Proposed Open Access Metadata Standards, Paul Royster Aug 2014

Foxes Propose New Guidelines For Henhouse Design: Comments On Niso’S Proposed Open Access Metadata Standards, Paul Royster

UNL Libraries: Faculty Publications

This commentary is in response to: NISO RP-22-201x, Open Access Metadata and Indicators (draft for comment), which is available at: http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/document.php?document_id=12047

NISO is the National Information Standards Organization, a non-profit industry organization whose mission statement reads: “NISO fosters the development and maintenance of standards that facilitate the creation, persistent management, and effective interchange of information so that it can be trusted for use in research and learning.” Their recently-issued proposed guidelines for new metadata fields to be attached to scholarly works purport to address and clarify issues of access and re-licensing surrounding the electronic distribution of journal articles. Briefly, they …


Nebraska Libraries - Volume 2, Number 3 (August 2014) Aug 2014

Nebraska Libraries - Volume 2, Number 3 (August 2014)

Nebraska Libraries

No abstract provided.


Data Management Quick Guides, Jennifer L. Thoegersen Aug 2014

Data Management Quick Guides, Jennifer L. Thoegersen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Conference Presentations and Speeches

These guides provide basic information on various topics related to the management of research data, including:
Data Lifecycle
File Naming Conventions
File Organization
File Formats
Metadata Standards
Controlled Vocabulary
Data Dictionary
README.txt
Storage
Backup
Security
Intellectual Property
Retention
Ethics



Goodbye To Berlin –Where Is Oa Heading?, Claudio Aspesi Aug 2014

Goodbye To Berlin –Where Is Oa Heading?, Claudio Aspesi

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

The Facts: Perhaps 10 to 20% of all peer-reviewed articles are published in OA. Almost 10,000 journals listed in the DOAJ.Reed Elsevier and Wiley’s share prices are doing well. Subscription publishing seems in great health.

What is Going On? Full Gold OA is a major threat to the economics of subscription publishers...with significant possible repercussions on the company’s overall performance.

But OA Implementation is Failing: Definition remains vague, probably because objectives are vague. "Europeans are from Mars, Americans are from Venus”. Hybrid model is effectively impossible to monitor. Expectations that OA will address the serial costs crisis are fading away …


Reproduction Of Copyrighted Works By Educators And Librarians, United States Copyright Office Aug 2014

Reproduction Of Copyrighted Works By Educators And Librarians, United States Copyright Office

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Many educators and librarians ask about the fair use and photocopying provisions of the copyright law. The United States Copyright Office cannot give legal advice or offer opinions on what is permitted or prohibited. However, we have published in this circular basic information on some of the most important legislative provisions and other documents dealing with reproduction by librarians and educators.

The Subjects Covered in This Booklet

The documentary materials collected in this circular deal with reproduction of copyrighted works by educators, librarians, and archivists for a variety of uses, including:

• Reproduction for teaching in educational institutions at all …


A Bibliometric Sketch On Environmental Science Literature With Special Reference To India’S Scenario, Bipin Bihari Sethi, Jyotshna Sahoo Lecturer, Basudev Mohanty Aug 2014

A Bibliometric Sketch On Environmental Science Literature With Special Reference To India’S Scenario, Bipin Bihari Sethi, Jyotshna Sahoo Lecturer, Basudev Mohanty

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present paper is prepared with the purpose to assess the publication trends of scholarly articles in the field of Environmental Sciences that are published in 75 Journals indexed under Science Direct Database during the period 2004 to 2010. It examines and presents an analysis of 645 research papers with a focus on Indian scenario. The study takes note scientifically from various angles such as: growth of literature, authorship pattern, degree of collaboration, geographical distribution of publications, distribution by journal, citation pattern, and ranking pattern etc. The study reveals that ‘USA’ as the most productive country among 67 participative nations …


Use Of Servqual In The Evaluation Of Service Quality Of Academic Libraries In Developing Countries, Brendan E. Asogwa, Boniface U. Asadu, Jonas U. Ezema, Cyprian I. Ugwu, Ferdinand C. Ugwuanyi Aug 2014

Use Of Servqual In The Evaluation Of Service Quality Of Academic Libraries In Developing Countries, Brendan E. Asogwa, Boniface U. Asadu, Jonas U. Ezema, Cyprian I. Ugwu, Ferdinand C. Ugwuanyi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose – This paper assesses the quality of services to users in academic libraries in developing countries using ServQUAL model. The purpose was to expose the service areas where the desires of library users’ are not met, ascertain the causes, and suggest corrective measures.

Approach – Both primary and secondary sources were explored for data collection. Questionnaire and the websites were used, and the 3,832 library users sampled from four developing countries was the research population of this article. Data was analyzed and discussed using descriptive statistics, and other illustrations.

Findings – The paper revealed that in developing countries: all …


The Use Of Law Library Collection And Services By The Teaching Faculty: Challenges And Opportunities For Legal Institutions In Pakistan, Ghalib Khan, Rubina Bhatti, Amjid Khan Aug 2014

The Use Of Law Library Collection And Services By The Teaching Faculty: Challenges And Opportunities For Legal Institutions In Pakistan, Ghalib Khan, Rubina Bhatti, Amjid Khan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study aims to examine the determinants of academic law library use, collection, and services among the law faculty members in Pakistan. A survey was designed and data was collected through a structured questionnaire from the target population in order to achieve objectives of the study. The findings reveal that the majority of faculty members used circulation service in their respective institutional libraries and most of them consulted textbooks, general books and reference collection in their various academic and research related activities. The findings of this would be helpful for the policy makers and administration of the legal academic institutes …


Kashmiri Marsiya (Elegy) Manuscripts: The Valuable Sources For The Dissemination, Reconstruction And Safeguarding The History And Culture-Ii, Tawfeeq Nazir Aug 2014

Kashmiri Marsiya (Elegy) Manuscripts: The Valuable Sources For The Dissemination, Reconstruction And Safeguarding The History And Culture-Ii, Tawfeeq Nazir

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Manuscripts are the links to the historical facts that will otherwise remain unknown to the world. They contain authentic information and facts about the social, political and cultural aspects of a nation. Therefore their intellectual value cannot be over emphasized. Many countries and nations are joining hands towards preserving such cultural assets by way of taking conservation and preservation measures including digitization and documentation.

Marsiya or Elegy has gained more importance after the Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (a.s) and his companions and household in Karbala. Marsiya has been since written and recited in order to mourning the tragic events of …


Damage To Libraries Due To Water Related Disasters, Parul Zaveri Aug 2014

Damage To Libraries Due To Water Related Disasters, Parul Zaveri

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Flooding, leakage, heavy rains, hurricanes, activation of fire sprinklers due to fire are some of the reasons due to which water can enter library premises. It can damage library resources and infrastructure as well as disrupt services for a long time. The paper describes the ways libraries can be prepared for such disasters as well as how to treat resources damaged due to such disasters.


The Role Of Telecentres In Tanzania’S Rural Development. A Case Study Of Sengerema District Council, Mwanza Region., Boniface Mbangala, Athumani Samzugi Aug 2014

The Role Of Telecentres In Tanzania’S Rural Development. A Case Study Of Sengerema District Council, Mwanza Region., Boniface Mbangala, Athumani Samzugi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Sengerema district council has had a telecentre since 2001. However, the socio-economic indicators do not show that the district is better than districts without telecentres. This study intended to assess how the telecentre has benefited the users in respect of social and economic aspects. The study was conducted in Sengerema district, Mwanza region. The survey design was employed using structured and unstructured questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary review methods of data collection. The sample size of 62 respondents included 42 males and 20 females. In general, the users believed that the centre has helped improve their community’s wellbeing, however, with …


Evaluation Of The Use Of University Library Resources And Services By The Students Of Paul University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, Emenike Chiemeka Nkamnebe, Obiora Kingsley Udem, Chibuzor Blessing Nkamnebe Jul 2014

Evaluation Of The Use Of University Library Resources And Services By The Students Of Paul University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, Emenike Chiemeka Nkamnebe, Obiora Kingsley Udem, Chibuzor Blessing Nkamnebe

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study evaluated the use of library resources and services by students of Paul University, Awka in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research method and employed a structured questionnaire and observations as instruments for data collection. The entire population of 276 students of Paul University Awka was involved in the study. The study was guided by 6 research questions. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics which include percentages, frequencies and mean rating. Findings revealed that students fairly use the library for their studies. Observation shows that they use the library most during examination periods. It …


A Review On Literatures In Planning And Managing Of Islamic Wealth Distribution (2001-2013), Muhammad Ridhwan Ab. Aziz, Mohammad Noorizzuddin Nooh, Khairil Faizal Khairi, Fuadah Johari, Azrul Azlan Iskandar Mirza, Nurul Izzati Nordin Jul 2014

A Review On Literatures In Planning And Managing Of Islamic Wealth Distribution (2001-2013), Muhammad Ridhwan Ab. Aziz, Mohammad Noorizzuddin Nooh, Khairil Faizal Khairi, Fuadah Johari, Azrul Azlan Iskandar Mirza, Nurul Izzati Nordin

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

One of the roles of planning and managing wealth distribution is to avoid assets from continuously remain frozen. Thus, managing and planning Islamic wealth distribution is an important attempt in order to make sure Muslims community is well protected. There are various types of instruments applied in managing and planning wealth distribution that follows Shariah rules. Thus, the objective of this article is to examine the related literatures in planning and managing of Islamic wealth distribution between years 2001-2013. The methodology of this article is through qualitative research based on document-analysis on previous articles and literatures on Islamic wealth distribution. …


Evaluation Of Medical Librarians’ Level Of Information And Communication Technology Skills Based On Mla Statements: A Study In Iran, Mina Tavassoli-Farahi, Masoumeh Tajafari, Iman Tahamtan Jul 2014

Evaluation Of Medical Librarians’ Level Of Information And Communication Technology Skills Based On Mla Statements: A Study In Iran, Mina Tavassoli-Farahi, Masoumeh Tajafari, Iman Tahamtan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Due to the importance of ICT skills, several leading associations have released guidelines on needed ICT skills for librarians. In this study, Medical Library Association (MLA) statements on ICT skills were used for evaluating medical librarians’ level of information and communication technology expertise in Iran. A census sampling method was used. Chief Librarians working in college libraries affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) in Iran participated in this study. Findings showed that based on MLA’s skill statements, medical LIS professionals working in medical, dental and pharmacy colleges possessed adequate skill in communications and information infrastructure including …


Accessibility And Use Of Electronic Journals At Iranian University Libraries, Masoumeh Tajafari Jul 2014

Accessibility And Use Of Electronic Journals At Iranian University Libraries, Masoumeh Tajafari

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Today, e-journals play a significant role in meeting information needs of scholars. On the other hand, each year publishers demand higher costs for e-journals subscription. Librarians seek ways to assess the use of e-journals in order to determine how well they meet users' needs and to justify increases in budget for e-journals acquisition. This study aimed to assess accessibility and use of e-journals by the research scholars at top ten university libraries affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) in Iran. Questionnaire was adopted for data collection and a total of 1380 research scholars participated in this …


Application Of Citation Analysis In The Development Of Core Nigerian Languages Texts In Nigeria University Libraries, Ifeanyi J. Ezema, C.F. Ugwuanyi Jul 2014

Application Of Citation Analysis In The Development Of Core Nigerian Languages Texts In Nigeria University Libraries, Ifeanyi J. Ezema, C.F. Ugwuanyi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of this paper is to develop core books in Nigerian languages using citation analysis. A total of 449 theses and dissertations submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages in six Nigerian universities from 1996 to 2007 constituted the population. The universities are University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), University of Ife (OAU), University of Lagos (UNILAG), University of Ibadan (UI), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (ABU) and University of Benin (UNIBEN). A bibliometric study was conducted using indicators such as types of cited sources, most frequently cited books and the most frequently cited authors. A total of 27,686 …


Postgraduate Law Students Information Needs And Seeking Behaviour: Implications For Improved Provision Of Resources And Services In Nigerian Institute Of Advanced Legal Studies Library In Lagos State, Uluocha Anyaogu Mrs. Jul 2014

Postgraduate Law Students Information Needs And Seeking Behaviour: Implications For Improved Provision Of Resources And Services In Nigerian Institute Of Advanced Legal Studies Library In Lagos State, Uluocha Anyaogu Mrs.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Adequate knowledge about the information needs and seeking behaviour of users is vital for developing library resources, services and facilities to meet their information needs effectively. The purpose of this study is to find out the various legal resources available to Postgraduate law students; their information needs and seeking behaviour; the sources/services utilized by them and their level of satisfaction with the information obtained from the sources in the library. The population of study consists of 323 Postgraduate law students registered at NIALS library since year 2013. Total enumeration sampling technique was used to select all the registered students. A …


To What Extent Have Icts Contributed To E-Governance In Uganda?, Robert Waiswa, Constant Okello-Obura Jul 2014

To What Extent Have Icts Contributed To E-Governance In Uganda?, Robert Waiswa, Constant Okello-Obura

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) continue to receive unprecedented attention because of their pervasive influence on society. One such sphere of influence is their role in empowering the citizenry in tackling the fundamental facets of governance which, according to the World Bank, include: graft, rule of law, government effectiveness, voice and accountability, political instability and violence, and regulatory burden – a role giving rise to the concept of e-Governance. Uganda has variously attempted to promote e-Governance; huge sums of financial resources and other factor inputs have been sunk in ICT initiatives. The question which arises is, to what extent …


Awareness And Use Of Scholarly Electronic Journals By Members Of Academic Staff: A Case Study Of Dar Es Salaam University College Of Education (Duce), Nelson Msagati Jul 2014

Awareness And Use Of Scholarly Electronic Journals By Members Of Academic Staff: A Case Study Of Dar Es Salaam University College Of Education (Duce), Nelson Msagati

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

No abstract provided.


Tuberculosis (Tb) Research In India During 2004-2013: A Bibliometric Analysis, Rabindra K. Maharana, Ashok Kumar Das, Jayanta Kumar Sahu Jul 2014

Tuberculosis (Tb) Research In India During 2004-2013: A Bibliometric Analysis, Rabindra K. Maharana, Ashok Kumar Das, Jayanta Kumar Sahu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present study is a bibliometric analysis of all Indian tuberculosis publications over the past 10 years, in the national/ international journals of repute. Utilizing the Scopus database, 7945 documents of Indian researcher’s publications data on tuberculosis research were used for the study, with an average of 794-795 documents per year and majority of them were research articles (76.56%). International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and D. Sriram were the most favoured research journal; major contributing organization/ institution and most prolific contributor. Article, Human and Humans were the most frequently used keywords.


Sociocultural And Economic Factors Influencing The Use Of Hiv/Aids Information By Women In Ugep, Cross River State, Nigeria, Felicia Ubi Iwara Mrs, Ayodele J.A. Alonge Jul 2014

Sociocultural And Economic Factors Influencing The Use Of Hiv/Aids Information By Women In Ugep, Cross River State, Nigeria, Felicia Ubi Iwara Mrs, Ayodele J.A. Alonge

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The sociocultural and economic factors affecting the utilization of HIV/AIDS among women in Ugep, Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State were empirically investigated. Systematic sampling technique was used to administer four hundred copies of structured questionnaire to adults with a mean age of 25.5 years in the four traditional council wards that make up Ugep. Stepwise regression generated two predictive models. The second being the full model being significantly (p<0.01) explained 80.5% in the variability of HIV/AIDS information use (R2 = 0.805) with marital status and occupation identified as the most significant socioeconomic variables The study also identified male preference, taboo on contraceptive use and polygamy (polygyny) as …


Pneumonia Disease Research In India: A Scientometric Study During 2004-13, Brij Mohan Gupta, Ritu Gupta Jul 2014

Pneumonia Disease Research In India: A Scientometric Study During 2004-13, Brij Mohan Gupta, Ritu Gupta

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Examines 2508 publications in Indian pneumonia research, as indexed in Scopus database during 2004-13, witnessing an annual average growth rate of 19.86%, an average citation impact per paper of 2.85 and international collaborative publication share of 14.19%. The global share of Indian pneumonia research was 2.74% during 2004-13, which increased from 1.83% to 3.39% from 2004-08 to 2009-13. Medicine contributed the largest publications share (76.28%) in Indian pneumonia research, followed by pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (16.27%), biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (13.12%), immunology & microbiology (7.19%) and chemistry (3.99%) during 2004-13. The 15 most productive Indian organizations and authors in …


Identification Of Research Trends At Physical Research Laboratory (Prl), Ahmedabad, India, Nishtha Anilkumar Dr Jul 2014

Identification Of Research Trends At Physical Research Laboratory (Prl), Ahmedabad, India, Nishtha Anilkumar Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Several investigators have conducted bibliometric analysis of research productivity of different countries in the world. A few studies have also been carried out to assess the productivity and impact of a single institute. As no bibliometric study on Physical Research Laboratory, India has been done before, the researcher thought it appropriate to carry out the study for her doctoral research with the following objectives:

  1. To study the division wise output of research
  2. To identify the thrust areas of research at PRL

The present bibliometric study aims to measure the research output of Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) during a 10 year …