Digital Commons Network^™

The Almost Great Escape: The Continuing Tourism Development Of Croatia As A Destination, Jennifer N. Wohlgamuth

International ResearchScape Journal

The tourism industry in Croatia is experiencing a slower development than other European countries. Because of their current union in the communist state of Yugoslavia and the Civil War between Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Croatian Tourism Board needs to recreate a stable infrastructure in which to grow their tourism. Some of the occurring issues with current Croatian tourism is high seasonality, lack of multiple foreign languages, underdeveloped transportation structures, and homogenization of Croatian culture. This paper offers a brief history of Croatian tourism, current developments, current development issues, and suggestions for a change in managerial structure to increase the …

The Relationship Of Ijime And Amae In Japanese Middle School Classrooms, Emily Stalter

International ResearchScape Journal

No abstract provided.

Foreigners In Japan: The 2020 Olympics As A Conduit For Better Policies, Alexandra Cordes

International ResearchScape Journal

No abstract provided.

Underestimating Women In The Early Modern Atlantic World, Lindsey Bauman

International ResearchScape Journal

This essay examines the limiting gender roles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as depicted through the detailed account of Catalina de Erauso, a Spanish woman who ran away from a convent. Disguising herself as a man, Catalina eventually journeyed to Chile, joined the militia, and took part in fighting against the native peoples of the region. Noted as being an exemplary warrior in the midst of battle, she was not detected as a woman until she exposed herself. By taking historical context into account, this essay argues that patriarchal society’s view of women is what enabled Catalina to impersonate …

¿Más Español Por Más Votos? Assessing The Impact Of Spanish Language Electoral Advertisements On Latino Voter Turnout, Alexander C. Ervin

International ResearchScape Journal

After Latino-Americans demonstrated their power in the 2012 presidential election, securing increased minority support at the polls has become a major goal for both main U.S. political parties. A reliable bloc of Latino voters on one’s side could mean more wins, but Latinos have a low voter turnout rate. This paper explores how to increase Latino turnout and argues that the use of the Spanish language in electoral advertising will have a positive effect. By comparing statewide Latino turnout data during the 2002 midterm elections, I find states with a sizable amount of Spanish-language get-out-the-vote messages do see slightly increased …

Chinese Educational Reforms: Transition Of An International Powerhouse, Jane Powell

International ResearchScape Journal

It has been almost everywhere in the media: The People's Republic of China has a powerhouse of an education system. Only a few years ago were Americans being bombarded with advertisement campaigns, outlining the vast disparity between American and European or Asian testing scores [AR1] [JP2] in math [AR3] [JP4] and science. Now, there is a new discussion. Although the current Chinese system is effective for producing excellent test scores, many project that the rigidity will eventually only hinder China, that a lack of encouragement and space for creativity in Chinese students’[AR5] [JP6] educational careers will result in a …

The Coca Plant And Bolivian Identity, Matthew G. Russo

International ResearchScape Journal

ABSTRACT

The political battle rages between the U.S. government, the U.N. and the Bolivian President, Evo Morales, about his efforts to protect, legalize and preserve the symbol of the Andean indigenous identity: the coca plant. The human rights of indigenous populations are being violated by culturally insensitive governments in compliance with U.S. and U.N. law. The questions posed are: Is coca cocaine? What are the economic benefits of the production of coca and who benefits? What is the relationship between coca and Bolivian identity? What would be the impact in the global community if coca is eradicated permanently?

‘Please Be A Lady… You Are Not Going To Be Heard’: The Debate Over The Ratification Of The Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women, Kasie Durkit

International ResearchScape Journal

Why did the United States fail to ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women? This overarching question forms the basis of this paper and will be answered using an array of primary and secondary sources. This paper gleans most of its evidence from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Hearings of 1994 and 2002, letters from both President Jimmy Carter and former Secretary of State Colin Powell, Congressional Research Service reports on CEDAW from 2013 and 2007, several Senators’ statements in the Congressional Record, Congressional testimony, and the text of the CEDAW treaty. This …

A Cross-Cultural Qualitative Study: The Differences In Attitudes And Opinions On Advance Care Planning Among African, Caucasian, And Latino Americans, Jennifer Sims

International ResearchScape Journal

The purpose of this study is to identify African American and Latino Americans’ beliefs and attitudes about advance care planning (ACP) and compare these with beliefs held by Caucasian Americans. The objectives are to identify if there are differences in opinions between racial groups and to provide relevant information for health and social service providers. African American and Latino American participants in this study indicated many factors that affect their hesitation to utilize ACP services: spiritual and religious beliefs; family caregiving; and lack of knowledge about ACP services. Implications for practice include providing easy-to-understand information about ACP to clients of …

Solutions To The Conflict In Kashmir, Nikolis Kurr

International ResearchScape Journal

This policy paper investigates the conflict between India and Pakistan over the region of Kashmir in order to weigh whether a political rather than military resolution can be found. Various proposals to resolve the conflict are examined and evaluated. On the one hand, the possibility of Kashmir’s autonomy is considered; on the other, the solution of joint governance or, as a third option, formal partition of Kashmir in an Indian and Pakistani territory are explored. The importance of resuming political talks between India and Pakistan represents a primary first goal in order to make any resolution possible.

Populist Parties In Germany, France, And The Uk: Growing Support For A Radical Rejection Of Globalization?, Linda Brandt

International ResearchScape Journal

A mere look at electoral results on both the national and European level of many European countries shows that populist and right-wing parties’ support has been growing extensively. The French Front National (FN), which has made significant strides since Marine Le Pen took over the party’s leadership, is often seen as on the forefront of this movement, and is deemed to be a core part of the contemporary European extreme right. Although their individual agendas and rhetoric differ from that of the FN, the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and the German Alternative für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany, AfD) are often …

The Practice Of Testimony And Social Intervention: The Roma In Montpellier, France, Philip Anthony

International ResearchScape Journal

This project was generously funded by the Hoskins Global Scholar Program [https://www.bgsu.edu/international-programs-and-partnerships/education-abroad/scholarships/hoskins-global-scholar-program.html], which made it possible to research the situation of the Roma in Montpellier, France during the spring of 2015. This project challenges some preconceptions targeting this population and explores contemporary responses by the city of Montpellier to integrate the Roma into the mainstream society while also flagging issues that still seek resolution. It is part of the “Hoskins Papers” section of the International ResearchScape Journal.

Community Learning In Alcála De Henares: Symbiotic Learning Blurs The Line Between Teacher And Students, Emily Dushek

International ResearchScape Journal

This article about experiential learning explores the challenges and rewards of international service-learning within a Spanish community in Alcalá de Henares. The paper describes the author’s experience as a teacher of ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) in Comisiones Obreras (the “Workers’ Commissions”). In order to teach adult learners English, the author developed a form of “symbiotic learning.” This paper is part of the “From Praxis to Press” section of the journal.

Hiroshima And Mass Trauma Today: Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder In Individuals And Communities, Ashley Martinez

International ResearchScape Journal

At 8:15 am on August 6^th, 1945, the world and the way in which we fight wars changed forever. Immediately following the drop of the Little Boy atomic bomb, the city of Hiroshima was decimated, leaving the surviving citizens to deal with poverty, starvation, loss of loved ones, and utter destruction of their lives. After the bombing, survivors were left with burns, radiation poisoning, and physical scars. Unknown to the survivors of the atomic bombings, or Hibakusha, were the ensuing psychological and emotional damages. In 2014, we know more about traumatic experiences than in 1945. Studies from …

The Power Of Creativity: How Web-Based Parody Encourages Chinese Civil Participation, Amber Boczar

International ResearchScape Journal

This article investigates that relationship between e’gao (parody using web-based media) and Chinese civil participation. E’gao (恶搞 EUH-gow) uses videos, images, and text based campaigns that use humor to remove fear of political commentary and action. By detailing the development of China’s internet use, and the creation of the e’gao movement, I argue that e’gao removes the fear of participating in campaigns and movements, which criticize government policy and actions on both local and state levels, by using humor and anonymity of large online numbers. E’gao can provide a way for the common citizens to mold policy, and hold authority …

The Effect Of Marriage Verses Cohabitation On Sexual Communication In Latino, African American, And Caucasian Adults, Erin Koosed, Danielle Mahaffey, Mckenzie Rand, Elizabeth Wagner, Dr. Heesoon Lee

International ResearchScape Journal

This study focuses on the effect of communication on sexual relationship satisfaction when comparing cohabiting couples with married couples. Communication is an important part of relational and sexual satisfaction. Research was conducted using scholarly journal articles and quantitative data from questionnaires. Fifty-four questionnaires were completed by males and females that were at least forty years, married or cohabitating, and identified as Latino, African American, or Caucasian. The data from the questionnaires found that both heterosexual and homosexual couples in domestic partnerships had better sexual communication than those who were married. People from diverse backgrounds can relate to the data collected …

“The Cane Of Love:” Social And Cultural Reform Of Corporal Punishment In South Korea, Seney Higginbotham

International ResearchScape Journal

With the public release of a very controversial video of a middle school teacher beating a student, much attention has been put on South Korea domestically as well as internationally to establish and reform policies regarding corporal punishment in schools. Since corporal punishment has been practiced in the classroom for centuries, it has been a hard fought battle of rapid social change and conservation of culture between those who wish to protect established cultural norms that accept corporal punishment in the classroom versus progressive ideas that strive to protect the integrity and human rights of school children.

The Conception Of Ren 仁In Daodejing, Poduo Wang

International ResearchScape Journal

The conception of ren 仁 is rarely mentioned in Laozi’s theory, people easily explained Daodejing as an instance of Laozi’s objection to ren. This paper explored the Laozi’s unique conception in Daodejing with different contexts in early Daoist literature. However, Laozi’s understanding of ren is different and wider; it not only relies on morality, but also extends to be natural order. The great ren, which is admired by the Daodejing and Laozi, came from our nature and it should be expressed without motives or intention. It is an absolute universal benevolence among all creatures, and harmony interaction with …

National Development And The Fight Over Black Gold: U.S. Perspectives On The Argentine Oil Industry 1946-1955, Clayton S. Oppenhuizen

International ResearchScape Journal

The paper summarizes the relationship between the U.S. and Argentina in the immediate post WWII period focusing on both nations aims in developing Argentina’s oil industry. It is a comparison on the intension of negotiations between the two nations focusing on bargaining strategies and ultimate goals of what developing an industry can mean to multiple actors on an international stage.

Putin And Business: Good Or Bad?, Abby D. Greutman

International ResearchScape Journal

Russia has long been considered a superpower, but why, then, is its economy faltering? With all of its natural resources, why is there not more international investment? This paper explores the effects of Russian political policies on the international and domestic business within Russia in order to better understand the reasons behind Russia’s unstable economic environment.

“The Hitchcock Touch”: Visual Techniques In The Work Of Alfred Hitchcock, Paige A. Driscoll

International ResearchScape Journal

Since his beginning as a filmmaker in Britain, Alfred Hitchcock has become a household name not only in Britain and, later, the United States, but also internationally. Hitchcock’s unique auteur style has made his name recognizable even if one has not personally viewed one of his many films. How is it, then, that Hitchcock has accumulated such a distinct and well-known style? Using examples from his films, the research of other Hitchcock experts, and cinematic technique and terminology resources, this article illustrates the way Hitchcock’s visual techniques have contributed to the creation of this auteur style. The visual techniques examined …

Analyzing To Live Through The Mediums Of Literature And Film: Two Vastly Contrasting Presentations Of Twentieth Century China’S Radical History, Abbie Doll

International ResearchScape Journal

This essay examines the acceptance and public interpretation of modern China’s rather turbulent past in light of Yu Hua’s novel To Live and Zhang Yimou’s film adaptation. It explores how fictionalized traumatic experiences have the ability to ultimately and effectively communicate social truth. Other aspects examined are the utilization of death as an effective political critique, the overall significance of and interpretive variances caused by the urban-rural divide in Chinese society, and also the particular molding of citizens’ lives that occurs due to either Mao’s overbearing presence or the conspicuous lack thereof. Types of sources referred to and used throughout …

Literature Of Bushidō: Loyalty, Honorable Death, And The Evolution Of The Samurai Ideal, David A. Coldren

International ResearchScape Journal

This essay will address the evolution of the samurai warrior code (bushido), concentrating on its depiction in several prominent works of Japanese literature from 1185 to 1989. This essay will argue that rather than a concrete set of principles, bushido was actually a malleable set of romanticized qualities supposedly possessed by the samurai that were repeatedly adapted to a changing Japanese society in order to maintain a national identity predicated on the warrior class. Beginning with the introduction of the samurai through the Tale of the Heike, this essay will then proceed to discuss the blatant romanticization …

The Disintegration Of Yugoslavia: An Analysis Of Globalization Effects On Union And Disintegration Of Yugoslavia, Una Bobinac

International ResearchScape Journal

The purpose of writing this project is to identify the influence globalization had in two most important parts of Yugoslavia: its formation as well as its fragmentation. The effects of this ongoing process range from direct intervention in the breakup of Yugoslavia to more indirect influence in its formation. This research strongly centers on previously established and well accepted theories of globalization to illustrate the consequences globalization had on Yugoslavia specifically. Throughout the research, the concept of critical globalism emerges as the prevailing method in the attempt to explain the events that took place in this region. The findings and …

Evolution And Social Effects Of Faith-Based International Nongovernmental Organizations, Christina Ingle

Honors Projects

The objective of this paper was to look at the cultural, social, and environmental of faith-based INGOs on Guatemala society within the framework of participatory development, which is the aim to include aid recipients in development projects to ensure long-run sustainability and stability. I related the evolution of faith-based INGOs to the historical eras that Latin America has experienced since the age of colonization, namely the time of the domination of the Roman Catholic church, the establishment of Spanish missions in Latin America, liberalism secularism, and neoliberalism. In a case study of Guatemala, I looked at the influence of Roman …