Digital Commons Network^™

Medvedev Vs. Putin In Kremlin-Sponsored Advertorials In The U.S. And India, Evhenia Viatchaninova

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

This essay explores the image making of Vladimir Putin vs. Dmitri Medvedev in the Kremlin-sponsored advertorials the "Russia Now" and the "Russia India Report" circulated as free supplements to The Washington Post, and The Times of India, India, in 2011. Advertorial content mentioning each politician was analyzed using basic qualitative and quantitative techniques, and several image making messages highlighting Putin's vs. Medvedev's leadership were deduced. Both advertorials served as a platform for mediated public diplomacy aimed at influencing foreign publics' perceptions of Russia's leadership in the wake of a major presidential election.

The New Public Diplomacy: The Winning Move In Revolutions, Shannon Zimmerman

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

The countries of the Arab Spring have taken differing approaches and have experienced conflicting outcomes. Egyptian and Tunisian protestors utilized public diplomacy as a political weapon while other states failed to realize its potential. In particular, social media were used to communicate with local actors, the military, and the international community, allowing protesters to disseminate their messages of non-violence. As a result, the revolutionary movement was not alienating to the citizenry or to the security forces. This paper will explore the use of public diplomacy by nonviolent protesters to 'win' the security forces and prevent their uprising from descending into …

Sports Diplomacy In A Conflict Environment: The Case For Continued Efforts In Afghanistan, Ryan Robertson

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

Over thirty years of war and centuries of tribal and ethnic marginalization and centralization have left Afghanistan a nation both war-torn and in search of an identity. During the ten years of Operation Enduring Freedom, Coalition Forces and the Afghan government have tried to find ways to keep the nation's immense youth population away from insurgent influence. To date, the most effective method appears to be the implementation of sports diplomacy initiatives targeted at both the youth and female populations. With these government-run programs, Afghan youths and women are being offered an alternative to violence and respite from continued conflict. …

Contests As A Tool Of Public Diplomacy: The “India Is…” Global Video Contest, Navdeep Suri

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

There is a growing recognition amongst public diplomacy practitioners for the need to reach young people. In large parts of the developing world - in Africa, in South and Southeast Asia, in the Caribbean and elsewhere - persons below the age of thirty-five constitute approximately seventy percent of the population. Among them, the educated, urbanized youth are growing up in an era in which connectivity and information on the go are taken for granted. India or Indonesia, Nigeria or Nicaragua, the phenomenon is rapidly gathering momentum.

How do we engage with this new generation? How do we encourage them to …

From Stadiums To Shuttle Diplomacy: Qatar’S Emergence As A Regional Diplomatic Power, Kedar Pavgi, Nakul Kadaba

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

During the chaos of the Arab Spring, Western diplomacy was facilitated through the State of Qatar. The small country's rise into the apex of international relations did not occur immediately after the first sparks of the revolution. Rather, Qatar's leadership within the Middle East resulted from years of effort put in by their leaders into devising a foreign policy that emphasized building relationships and cooperation with Western countries and their Arab counterparts. Qatar's leaders specifically focused their efforts on enhancing their reputation within international sporting forums, and the business that resulted from it. Major athletic events like the Asian Games …

Mexico & Venezuela: Losing The Soft Power Sweepstakes At The Polls, Rick Rockwell

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

This research article compares how the public images of Venezuela and Mexico have been shaped by the presidential election cycle of 2012 in each country. The results show that political leaders in both countries seem much more concerned about domestic issues rather than projecting a more positive public diplomacy image. The paper focuses on the history and political culture of both countries, which inevitably frames how both dealt with negative international impressions resulting from the elections. Although Venezuela has had many more demonstrations of national plebiscites and elections than any other Latin American country during the era of President Hugo …

The Other War Next Door: Violent Crime In Central America And The U.S. Response, Ross Albert

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

One of the defining characteristics of international politics and public diplomacy in the 21st century is the rapid growth of non-state actors. These non-state entities transcend borders and range from multinational corporations to non-governmental organizations and beyond. Transnational criminal organizations - a threatening breed of non- state actors - are increasingly common in today's international landscape. Their presence is especially forceful and troublesome within and among the small states of Central America. These organizations are interested in the pursuit of wealth and violence as a means to achieve rather than an end in itself. This paper seeks to explore transnational …

Our Wavin’ Flag: U.S. Public Diplomacy Outreach, Sharon Hudson-Dean

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

In March 2012, U.S. President Barack Obama, an avid sports fan, sat down to talk with sports writer Bill Simmons.1 He explained why competition on the field connects radically different people to each other, "People - for all our differencespolitically,regionally,economically-mostfolksunderstandsports.Probablybecauseit'soneofthe few places where it's a true meritocracy. There's not a lot of BS. Ultimately, who's winning, who's losing, who's performing, who's not - it's all laid out there."

In many ways, sports is a perfect unifier. A fan need not be literate, educated, well-traveled, or wealthy to be personally engaged in the fate of a team or the outcome of …

Vol. 5 No. 1, Moynihan Europe Research Centers, Spring 2011, Moynihan European Research Centers

Newsletters from Moynihan European Research Centers

Panel Discussion on the German Unification -- EU graduate simulation -- High School Social Studies seminar -- MERC outreach project -- Atlantis dual degree program -- Global Europe -- Certificate of Advanced Study in the EU and Contemporary Europe

Cocina Peruana Para El Mundo: Gastrodiplomacy, The Culinary Nation Brand, And The Context Of National Cuisine In Peru, Rachel Wilson

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

Gastrodiplomacy, or the use of food in the construction of a nation brand, is one of many tools that a government can employ in its broader strategy of cultural diplomacy. The idea of pleasing the global palate while at the same time improving a country's image lies at the core of any culinary diplomacy initiative, and the case of Peru is no exception. By utilizing the promotional campaign "Cocina peruana para el mundo" ("Peruvian cuisine for the World"), the Peruvian government is attempting to construct a national brand centered on its cuisine. This paper investigates the specific context of the …

The Power Of Culture In Diplomacy: The Case Of U.S. Cultural Diplomacy In France And Germany, Sofia Kitsou

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

Cultural diplomacy represents a facet of diplomacy that has not been utilized completely in building better diplomatic relations and, although it could serve as a linking bridge toward better relations, it has been underestimated, if not neglected. Foreign positive perceptions of the United States declined considerably especially during the George W. Bush administration, as a result of various actions taken by the United States in the international arena that were unpopular. Anti-Americanism reached its peak in Europe because of the unilateral decision to proceed with the war in Iraq while the transatlantic rift between traditional partners such as the United …

Beyond The Nation Brand:The Role Of Image And Identity In International Relations, Simon Anholt

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

Although the term "nation branding" is frequently associated with the act of creating favorable images of countries through marketing communications, little evidence suggests this is possible. This paper discusses how the "nation brand" can really be enhanced through strategy, substance, and symbolic actions. Country examples such as South Korea are used to discuss issues in branding, including reputation management, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sovereignty.

Public Diplomacy Following 9/11: The Saudi Peace Initiative And “Allies” Media Campaign, Candace R. Burnham

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

From 2001 to 2004, Saudi Arabia engaged in a variety of Public Diplomacy and Public Relations efforts to improve their image in the United States. This paper examines two such efforts, as well as their effectiveness.

Book Review: The Practice Of Public Diplomacy – Confronting Challenges Abroad, Michael Schneider

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

The Practice of Public Diplomacy – Confronting Challenges Abroad, a compilation of essays by public diplomacy students at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, presents several key themes concerned about the field of public diplomacy. Edited by Amb. William Rugh, the book analyzes public diplomacy initiatives conducted throughout the world.

Changing Tunes For Public Diplomacy: Exploring The Domestic Dimension, Ellen Huijgh

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

The era where public diplomacy could turn its back on its domestic public and look solely towards the international stage has ended. Even so, the clash of opinion continues over whether public diplomacy ought to include a domestic dimension. The paper aims to explore this understudied facet of public diplomacy while drawing attention to issues pertinent to further research. It argues that despite the challenges of breaking with conventional mindsets, moving beyond “new” public diplomacy requires a more holistic approach to public engagement in foreign policy.

Searching For Influence And Persuasion In Network-Oriented Public Diplomacy: What Role For “Small States”?, Ivaylo Iaydjiev

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

The discipline of public diplomacy has recently given rise to the concept of network-oriented public diplomacy. The purpose of the essay is twofold: first, to explore the idea and the underlying assumptions of this "new" public diplomacy; second, to ask whether public diplomacy could be an effective tool for "small states" since most of the scholarship is written from the viewpoint of a great power. To this end, this work is proceeding in three main parts: First, the notion of network-oriented diplomacy is examined by contrasting it to traditional diplomacy and traditional public diplomacy. Second, the essay demonstrates how the …

Stretching The Parameters Of Diplomatic Protocol: Incursion Into Public Diplomacy, Shahidul Alam

Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy

The end of the Cold War saw the United States retrenching its public diplomacy program. However, as the sole remaining superpower, it saw the opportunity to spread its values and ideals – particularly those of liberal democracy, human rights, and the free market economy – to those countries that were lacking in them. Paradoxically, intense public diplomacy efforts were required in pursuit of that objective. Traditional diplomats then began to take on public diplomacy functions, but, in so doing, often violated Article 41 of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. They were mostly from the United States, while the …

The Backyard Effect How The Experience Of Impacts Of Climate Change Affects Opinion And Discourse, Kevin Eggleston

Honors Capstone Projects - All

“The Backyard Effect” hypothesizes that for an issue as potentially abstract, complex, and vast-in-scope as climate change, it will take experiential evidence of impacts in order for people to change and view the problem as urgent – and take action. In order to test this hypothesis, this project set out to interview citizens in climate change-impacted regions around the world in order to explore any connections between personal experience and personal opinion and action. The methodology involved personal interviews with residents, analysis of poll numbers, and use of media reports in locations currently experiencing the impacts of climate change.

Based …

Vol. 4 No. 1, Moynihan European Research Centers, Spring 2010, Moynihan European Research Centers

Newsletters from Moynihan European Research Centers

Kazakhstan and the OSCE -- EU Graduate Simulation -- Berlin Wall panel -- MERC outreach project -- Global Europe -- 2010-11 FLAS announcement

Vol. 3 No. 2, Moynihan European Research Centers, Winter 2009, Moynihan European Research Centers

Newsletters from Moynihan European Research Centers

EU Simulation and conference announced -- New Moynihan visiting scholar -- "Conflict in the Gaza Strip" -- "Energy Insecure" The Czech Republic and the Gas Crisis

Vol. 3 No. 1, Moynihan European Research Centers, Fall 2008, Moynihan European Research Centers

Newsletters from Moynihan European Research Centers

EU Graduate seminar on EU immigration --"Notes from Alabama" by Megan Grimm -- "When entering the EU" Croatia and Europe -- New 'Europe' Faculty faculty at Maxwell -- Global Europe 2008 --FLAS Fellowship recipients

Vol. 2 No. 2, Moynihan European Research Centers, Spring 2007, Moynihan European Research Centers

Newsletters from Moynihan European Research Centers

Global Europe Students Update -- Turkey and European Identities -- Forthcoming Book announcement -- SU program on Muslim Cultures -- FLAS Fellowship details -- Current FLAS Fellows -- Upcoming Events Calendar

Vol. 2 No. 1, Moynihan European Research Centers, August 21, 2006, Moynihan European Research Centers

Newsletters from Moynihan European Research Centers

Letter from the Director -- New Modern European Studies Minor proposed -- Windows on Europe : the Kaczynskis reconsidered -- FLAS Fellow update -- CES Welcomes New postdoctoral fellow -- Upcoming events

Assessing Past Strategies For Countering Terrorism, In Lebanon And By Libya, Louis Kriesberg

Program for the Advancement of Research on Conflict and Collaboration

American strategies to deal with terrorist attacks against Americans in Lebanon in the 1980s and by Libya since the beginning of the 1980s are examined. The consequences of the various strategies employed by U.S. government officials over time and the strategies employed by American non-governmental actors and by international organizations are compared. In addition, alternative strategies that might plausibly have been employed are also discussed. Official actions that relied largely on military methods and were conducted unilaterally tended to be less effective, even counterproductive, compared to actions that were multilateral and relied significantly on diplomatic approaches, often aided by intermediaries.

The Currency Of The Word: Communications, War And Revolution In The Formation Of The Nation-State, 1608-1655, Milton L. Mueller

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

An original and provocative analysis of the role of communications in the Thirty Years War and the English Revolution of 1640-1649. The years covered by the book saw the first printed new periodicals, the opening of the royal postal system to public correspondence, the monopolization of the posts by the state, and the exploitation of this communications infrastructure for surveillance and news purposes by the emerging territorial state. The book argues that all these developments were related aspects in the emergence of a currency of the word, a change in the temporal status of literate media. Printed commentary now flowed …