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Articles 31 - 60 of 129
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Institutional Regime Shift In Intellectual Property Rights And Innovation Strategies Of Firms In China, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang, Xuesong Geng, Heli Wang
Institutional Regime Shift In Intellectual Property Rights And Innovation Strategies Of Firms In China, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang, Xuesong Geng, Heli Wang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This study develops a novel conceptual framework to understand the differential impact of formal institutional regime shift in intellectual property rights on the innovation and patenting strategies of Chinese and Western firms operating in China. We argue that to the extent that Chinese firms have been deeply embedded in China’s informal institutions, they are less responsive to formal institutional changes than Western firms operating in China. Using the major China patent law reform of 2001 as an exogenous event, we find results consistent with our key arguments: With the strengthening of the previously weak (utility model) patent protection, Chinese firms …
Multinational Firms And Cash Holdings: Evidence From China, Weijun Wu, Yang Yang, Sili Zhou
Multinational Firms And Cash Holdings: Evidence From China, Weijun Wu, Yang Yang, Sili Zhou
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
To adapt to globalization, Chinese multinational firms have more exploitation of cash. This paper shows that Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) do not hold significantly more cash relative to domestic firms unless these multinationals heavily relay on the foreign sales. In addition, the multinationals of non-State-Owned Enterprises (Non-SOEs) exhibit the insignificant difference in cash holdings for non-multinationals. We also find that Chinese MNCs invest more but are less profitable, especially in non-SOE subsample. Overall, we conclude that the need of cash liquidity of multinational corporations in China is different from those in U.S.
Nationalism And International Disputes In China: Implications For Transnational Corporations As Corporate Diplomats, Lisa Tam, Soojin Kim
Nationalism And International Disputes In China: Implications For Transnational Corporations As Corporate Diplomats, Lisa Tam, Soojin Kim
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
For decades, the territorial dispute between China and Japan over the sovereignty of the Senkaku Islands has caused diplomatic deteriorations in Sino-Japanese relations. When there is extensive media coverage on news about the dispute, nationalist sentiments in both two countries would be triggered and could be expressed through detrimental behaviors towards transnational corporations (hereinafter TNCs). While TNCs play a significant political function as corporate diplomats for their home countries, they are subject to the risk of crises when their home countries are involved in political and economic conflicts with the foreign countries in which they have operations. Against this backdrop, …
Tapping The Power Of Local Knowledge: A Local-Global Interactive Perspective, Shenxue Li, Mark Easterby-Smith, Majorie A. Lyles, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark
Tapping The Power Of Local Knowledge: A Local-Global Interactive Perspective, Shenxue Li, Mark Easterby-Smith, Majorie A. Lyles, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Existing theories of international business and strategy do not fully explain how local knowledge disadvantage faced by foreign investors can be mitigated. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study into four MNCs to investigate the micro-processes of how they generated value from their dispersed sources of local knowledge in China. The results suggest an interactive model: that MNCs employed management processes encompassing three strategically interconnected efforts—global knowledge penetration, local-global knowledge blending, and local-global knowledge integration. The model highlights the interplay between global and local knowledge and challenges extant research that solely focuses on the transfer of either home-based or local knowledge.
Experience And Fdi Risk-Taking: A Microfoundational Reconceptualization, Peter J. Buckley, Liang Chen, L. Jeremy Clegg, Hinrich Voss
Experience And Fdi Risk-Taking: A Microfoundational Reconceptualization, Peter J. Buckley, Liang Chen, L. Jeremy Clegg, Hinrich Voss
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Studies of how firms respond to host country risk have assigned explanatory primacy to organizational capability and managerial risk preference. The organization-level account is built on the premise that capability is a prerequisite for risk-taking while the individual-level account focuses on the managers' intrinsic behavioral attitude. Without integrating one with the other, the former is open to many alternative explanations while the latter remains only a source of heterogeneity. We propose that employing the microfoundations approach can address the limitations of each account and yield a fuller understanding of FDI risk-taking. Drawing upon behavioral decision theory and the concept of …
The Effects Of Within-Country Linguistic And Religious Diversity On Foreign Acquisitions, Douglas Dow, Ilya Cuypers, Gokhan Ertug
The Effects Of Within-Country Linguistic And Religious Diversity On Foreign Acquisitions, Douglas Dow, Ilya Cuypers, Gokhan Ertug
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This article explores how within-country diversity of both language and religion influences the ownership structure of foreign acquisitions. Commentators have acknowledged the potential importance of “within-country diversity,” but to date this issue has received minimal empirical attention. We propose that diversity plays two distinct roles. Namely, diversity within the host country may be an additional source of behavioral uncertainty and information asymmetry, over and above the effects arising from cross-national differences. Moreover, diversity within the home country may increase the cognitive complexity of the decision makers, moderating the firm’s response to the distance and diversity of the host country. Results …
How Do We Adopt Multiple Cultural Identities? A Multidimensional Operationalization Of The Sources Of Culture, Badri Zolfaghari, Guido Mollering, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graham Dietz
How Do We Adopt Multiple Cultural Identities? A Multidimensional Operationalization Of The Sources Of Culture, Badri Zolfaghari, Guido Mollering, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graham Dietz
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Given the shortcomings of unidimensional accounts of culture that are based on nationality, this paper builds on and steps beyond current multidimensional conceptualizations of culture in order to provide first empirical evidence for a multidimensional operationalization of culture. It shows the multiple and simultaneous sources of cultural values (i.e., Family, Nationality, Urban/Rural Background, etc.) that individuals draw from in order to behave in accordance with their social setting. This contributes to our understanding of how and when individuals adopt multiple cultural identities. As the first attempt to operationalize the 'mosaic' framework of culture proposed by Chao and Moon (2005), this …
Organizational Image, Identity, And International Divestment: A Theoretical Examination, William P. Wan, H. Shawna Chen, Daphne W. Yiu
Organizational Image, Identity, And International Divestment: A Theoretical Examination, William P. Wan, H. Shawna Chen, Daphne W. Yiu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
International divestment is a prevalent phenomenon and should be viewed as an integral part of the internationalization process. Nevertheless, the field of international business and strategy has paid scant attention to this topic. We develop a conceptual framework to examine a firm's propensity to divest internationally and the type of foreign operations it will divest. We posit that a firm's international divestment decisions are influenced by its organizational image and identity. Premised on this behavioral perspective, this article develops a theoretical model and generates a set of propositions to shed light on the topic of international divestment.
How Product Attributes Influence Internationalization: A Framework Of Domain- And Culture-Specificity, Terence P. C. Fan, Alex Tai Loong Tan
How Product Attributes Influence Internationalization: A Framework Of Domain- And Culture-Specificity, Terence P. C. Fan, Alex Tai Loong Tan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This paper introduces two important dimensions of product attributes in the context of internationalization: domain- and culture-specificity. Products can be high or low in domain- or culture-specificity, thereby being one of four broad categories in a two-by-two matrix. This framework of product attributes helps explain a series of gradations on how cultural difference influences the difficulty of selling a product internationally. By examining four cases, one from each of these categories, this paper shows that different product attributes affect the difficulty or ease with which the products of these firms were internationalized. While all four cases were able to derive …
Rethinking Cross-Border Talent Management: The Emerging Markets Perspective, Tejpavan Gandhok, Richard Raymond Smith
Rethinking Cross-Border Talent Management: The Emerging Markets Perspective, Tejpavan Gandhok, Richard Raymond Smith
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
A closer look at the relatively little understood issue of how and why emerging market MNCs manage their senior talent for international growth leads us to question the conventional wisdom on talent management practices.
Adapting To Change: The State Of Singapore Private Enterprise In China, Wilfred How, Caroline Yeoh
Adapting To Change: The State Of Singapore Private Enterprise In China, Wilfred How, Caroline Yeoh
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
One of the most affluent and developed nations in its region, the city-state of Singapore relies largely on tapping global resources for economic growth, to ameliorate its tiny land area and accompanying lack of natural resources. Its current prominence is to a great degree owing to an early recognition of the need for such, and a well-documented stratagem of expanding its foreign direct investments (FDIs) as a means to stimulate economic development (Huff, 1995; Murray and Pereira, 1995) and strengthen the city-state’s ‘external economy’ - one which saw the island progress through a number of distinct phases of overseas investment …
Refocusing The Lens: Singapore's Private Enterprises In China, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Ye Zhang
Refocusing The Lens: Singapore's Private Enterprises In China, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Ye Zhang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
In recent years, financial and political instabilities have cooled economic growth in many regions. Even in this context, however, areas of strong growth remain; none, arguably, more prominent than ever-developing and increasingly affluent China, which is today a vastly different environment than even several years ago. More than ever, a wealth of opportunity subsists in this ancient land – and businesses must be able to adapt and seize these opportunities. Thus we turn towards Singapore private enterprise in China, to study once more the efficacy of the city-state's internationalization strategies in the context of the private enterprises which must eventually …
Market Orientation, Embeddedness And The Autonomy And Performance Of Multinational Subsidiaries In An Emerging Economy, Xiaoying Li, Xiaming Liu, Howard Thomas
Market Orientation, Embeddedness And The Autonomy And Performance Of Multinational Subsidiaries In An Emerging Economy, Xiaoying Li, Xiaming Liu, Howard Thomas
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This paper develops a conceptual framework for market orientation, embeddedness, autonomy and performance of multinational subsidiaries in an emerging economy. We argue that internal and external embeddedness has different performance implications for export- and local market-oriented multinational subsidiaries. Our results, based on a sample of 233 multinational subsidiaries from China, indicate that while external embeddedness has a positive impact on specialized resources of both types of subsidiary, such resources only positively affect the performance of local market-oriented subsidiaries. By contrast, internal embeddedness has a negative impact on specialized resources of both types of subsidiary. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.
The Singapore Experience In The Gcc: Notes From Singapore Inc, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How
The Singapore Experience In The Gcc: Notes From Singapore Inc, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The city-state of Singapore's roadmap for internationalization of local companies into the GCC region has, arguably, made its mark; recently crossing the milestone of 100 local companies that have, to date, found business opportunities in this foreign and exotic land. Actually taking these opportunities, however, has proven more complicated, with cultural differences and highly dynamic local business environments posing unforeseen challenges to Singapore companies – producing a test of adaptability that has returned rather mixed results. Of particular interest are government-linked companies (GLCs), among the largest and the first of Singapore's entrants into the region; perceived as more structurally rigid, …
The State-Enterprise Experience In The Gcc: Whither Singapore Inc.?, Wilfred How, Caroline Yeoh
The State-Enterprise Experience In The Gcc: Whither Singapore Inc.?, Wilfred How, Caroline Yeoh
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The city-state of Singapore's roadmap for internationalization of local companies into the GCC region has, arguably, made its mark; recently crossing the milestone of 100 local companies that have, to date, found business opportunities in this foreign and exotic land. Actually taking these opportunities, however, has proven more complicated, with cultural differences and highly dynamic local business environments posing unforeseen challenges to Singapore companies – producing a test of adaptability that has returned rather mixed results. Of particular interest are government-linked companies (GLCs), among the largest and the first of Singapore's entrants into the region; perceived as more structurally rigid, …
Trust Between International Joint Venture Partners: Effects Of Home Countries, Gokhan Ertug, Ilya Cuypers, Niels G. Noorderhaven, Ben M. Bensaou
Trust Between International Joint Venture Partners: Effects Of Home Countries, Gokhan Ertug, Ilya Cuypers, Niels G. Noorderhaven, Ben M. Bensaou
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Trust is an important factor in interorganizational relations. Interorganizational trust in cross-border relationships is likely to be influenced by the home countries of both partners. Using data on 165 international joint ventures (IJVs), we show that the perceived trustworthiness of an IJV partner is influenced by the general propensity to trust in the trustor's home country. Moreover, the trustworthiness perceived by a focal parent firm is also affected by the home country of the other IJV partner. This second effect is mitigated by experience between the partners.
Collectivistic Norms And International Entrepreneurship: A Tale Of Two Clans, The Wenzhounese From China And The Chettiars From India, Wee Liang Tan
Collectivistic Norms And International Entrepreneurship: A Tale Of Two Clans, The Wenzhounese From China And The Chettiars From India, Wee Liang Tan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
There is a need in the field of international entrepreneurship for ideas and theory developed from within the SME field and less reliance on that developed in the field of international business and large firms. This paper seeks to address this gap but examining the two groups of international entrepreneurs from China and India: the Wenzhou people and the Chettiars. These two groups began internationalising in the past before globalisation became a norm in the colonial days and before when ships sailed along trade winds. It seeks to draw lessons from these two groups: their collectivistic norms and practices.
Asia In The Middle East: The Internationalization Of Singapore Private Firms Into The Gcc, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Simin Sharmaine Neo
Asia In The Middle East: The Internationalization Of Singapore Private Firms Into The Gcc, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Simin Sharmaine Neo
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Internationalization efforts into the GCC as a national initiative tend to be spearheaded by a vanguard of government-linked companies (GLCs), usually assisted in their entry through various connections, political or otherwise. As large companies with the presumed reliability of government backing, these GLCs tend to be involved in larger-scale, more critical, and more iconic projects. It is a matter of fact, however, that while internationalization may be led by large-scale and attention-grabbing GLCs, the vast majority of FDI and economic activity is, in the long term, entrenched in the activities of private companies. As such, it must logically follow that …
Singapore’S State-Enterprise Network In The Gulf Region: Boom, Bane Or An Ongoing Game, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Febbry Lasgon
Singapore’S State-Enterprise Network In The Gulf Region: Boom, Bane Or An Ongoing Game, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Febbry Lasgon
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Singapore’s state-enterprise network has been, and continues to be, at the forefront of Singapore's internationalization efforts; most recently in the city-state's newest area of focus, the Gulf region. This paper, as part of our series on this topic, studies the city-state’s determined efforts to encapsulate economic space for Singapore-based firms to expand beyond the region through a lens on the Singapore government-linked companies (GLCs), in the context of the unique ‘Arabian allure’ of the GCC economies. Our results show that while the government ‘endorsement’ appears to provide a distinct advantage, the strategic advantages created in the Singapore-styled projects remains uncertain; …
Singapore Business And The Gulf: Un Tour D’Horizon, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred How
Singapore Business And The Gulf: Un Tour D’Horizon, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred How
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Never more newsworthy in business circles has been the Gulf Region than in recent decades; from the region's vast economic strength and meteoric development, to the events of the financial crisis and the ongoing 'Arab spring'. A rich environment in every way – business, cultural, and socio-political – the countries of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) provide a fascinating subject for academic study from a wealth of perspectives. Some of these perspectives are well-explored; others, markedly less so, the business dimension of this unique and complicated market regrettably among them. While a favored subject of our own research, the comparative …
Organizational Identity And Capability Development In Internationalization: Transference, Splicing, And Enhanced Imitation In Tesco’S Us Market Entry, Michelle Lowe, Gerard George, Oliver Alexy
Organizational Identity And Capability Development In Internationalization: Transference, Splicing, And Enhanced Imitation In Tesco’S Us Market Entry, Michelle Lowe, Gerard George, Oliver Alexy
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Entry into international markets is a challenging process that fundamentally tests existing capabilities. During this entry process, capability gaps arise that need to be bridged to exploit the commercial opportunity and grow the business. Using a global retailer, Tesco plc, as a case study and employing grounded theory development techniques, we find that to achieve growth, two organizational attributes become critical—structural coherence of the firm’s capabilities and organizational identity. We identify three processes of capability development during market entry—transference, splicing and enhanced imitation. Further, actions and processes that maintain or adapt organizational identity serve as moderators of the relationship between …
Internationalization Into The Gcc: Singapore In Retrospect, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Hong Hao Chong
Internationalization Into The Gcc: Singapore In Retrospect, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Hong Hao Chong
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
As internationalization becomes, increasingly, the chosen method of (ironically) competing for competitiveness among firms, new and rich frontiers for business come into ever-expanding demand. Among the foremost of these frontiers, the countries of the GCC represent both fertile ground and uncharted waters for internationalizing firms, with cultures as rich as their markets and sometimes byzantine yet fascinating socio-political forces presenting a plethora of challenges to erstwhile investing firms. As a culmination of our research into this region over past years, then, we examine in this paper, as a case study of sorts, the experiences of Singapore firms in the various …
Asia In The Middle East: The Internationalization Of Singapore Private Firms Into The Gcc, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred How, Sharmaine Si Min Neo
Asia In The Middle East: The Internationalization Of Singapore Private Firms Into The Gcc, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred How, Sharmaine Si Min Neo
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
No abstract provided.
Revisiting The Dragon: The State Of Singapore’S Regionalization Into China, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Febbry Lasgon
Revisiting The Dragon: The State Of Singapore’S Regionalization Into China, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Febbry Lasgon
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Many years on, with the main thrust of Singapore's internationalization efforts now pointed elsewhere, the current state of Singapore's state-enterprise network in previous main regions of interest, most notably ever-developing China, remains an area of interest for the purpose of evaluating the city-state's determined efforts to encapsulate economic space for its businesses on foreign soil – perhaps with lessons of relevance to the city-state's latest areas of focus, and certainly of relevance to efforts in the long-term. As a study related to our papers on this topic, we revisit the sprawling sub-continent and the operations of Singapore businesses located therein. …
Singapore's Venture Into The Gulf: Undiscovered Treasure Or Empty Pot?, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred How, Joses Wong
Singapore's Venture Into The Gulf: Undiscovered Treasure Or Empty Pot?, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred How, Joses Wong
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Singapore: a country synonymous with business efficiency, strict laws and a reputation that belies its miniscule size. Its state-enterprise network and attempts at grafting “Singapore-styled” investment enclaves onto foreign locales often receive attention from the international community. These state-engineered projects are premised on the exportability of Singapore’s state credibility, systemic and operational efficiencies as well as the technological competencies of Singapore companies, to locations where these attributes are less distinct. This paper, as part of our series on this topic, revisits the city-state’s determined efforts to encapsulate economic space for Singapore-based firms, enabling them to expand beyond the region. This …
Singapore And Re-Engineering Economic Space: Observations From The Middle East, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How
Singapore And Re-Engineering Economic Space: Observations From The Middle East, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The hallmark of the Singapore state-led, market-driven interventions, and their efficacy, have often been a matter of academic contention. This paper, as part of our series on this topic, revisits Singapore’s state-enterprise strategy in the context of the city-state’s determined efforts at internationalization through a series of state-engineered projects, orchestrated to encapsulate economic space for Singapore-based firms to expand into the region and beyond. This internationalization stratagem remains controversial; premised, as they are, on the exportability of Singapore’s state credibility, systemic and operational efficiencies as well as technological competencies of Singaporean companies, government-linked or otherwise, to locations where these attributes …
Have You Restructured For Global Success?, Nirmalya Kumar, Phanish Puranam
Have You Restructured For Global Success?, Nirmalya Kumar, Phanish Puranam
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The organizational structures of many multinational corporations are inadequate to the task of capitalizing on opportunities in emerging markets. Locating customer-facing processes in each country-and even using transnational structures that exploit location-specific advantages-just doesn't cut it anymore. So argue Kumar and Puranam, of London Business School. The authors show how the growth of China and India as lead markets and as talent pools, coupled with advances in technology, enable companies to optimize their organizations by segmenting R&D both vertically and horizontally, thereby creating T-shaped structures.The greatest challenge of the T-shaped structure is managing integration across countries. The solution is to …
Internationalizing Through Franchising - Singapore's Gambits In The Gcc: Mining The Silver Around The Gold, Caroline Yeoh, Joses Wong
Internationalizing Through Franchising - Singapore's Gambits In The Gcc: Mining The Silver Around The Gold, Caroline Yeoh, Joses Wong
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
No abstract provided.
The Internationalization Of Singapore’S State Enterprise Network: Notes From Singapore’S Gambits In The Gulf Region, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How
The Internationalization Of Singapore’S State Enterprise Network: Notes From Singapore’S Gambits In The Gulf Region, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The Singapore system of state-led, market interventions and its concerted attempts at creating overseas infrastructural-industrial township projects have received its share of controversies. These state-engineered projects are premised on the exportability of Singapore’s state credibility, systemic and operational efficiencies as well as technological competencies of Singapore companies, government-linked or not, to locations where the attributes are less distinct. This paper, as part of our series on this topic, revisits the city-state’s determined efforts to encapsulate economic space for Singapore-based firms to expand beyond the region, and tests the efficacy of the ‘Singapore system’ exported to foreign locales. This research, however, …
Mir Talks To Vinita Bali, Managing Director And Ceo Of Britannia Industries, Srinivas K. Reddy
Mir Talks To Vinita Bali, Managing Director And Ceo Of Britannia Industries, Srinivas K. Reddy
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Today we live in a truly global economy, no matter whether we talk about goods, services or manpower. Whereas economic growth rates in Europe and North America remain moderate, many Asian countries are booming despite last year´s economic downturn. This is reason enough for MIR to take a closer look at one of the rising stars: India. In June 2010, MIR talked to Vinita Bali, one of the few female CEOs of leading companies, who has worked in influential marketing positions on five continents. In describing how Britannia, one of the most famous Indian brands, handles everyday business and marketing …