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Processing And Interpretation Of Illinois Basin Seismic Reflection Data, Katherine M. Gigandet

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An anonymous oil company released 2D dynamite reflection data from the Illinois basin to be reprocessed and interpreted by Wright State University. The aim of the project is to exhaustively apply different seismic processing methods to the data to determine if any improvement in the imaging and interpretation may be accomplished. The data interpretation procedure convolved extracted wavelets from the final migrated section with reflectivity calculated from well log data provided. Once major formation tops were identified attribute analysis was applied to locate potential oil volumes of interest.

The raw shot records from this impulse data are dominated by guided …

Effect Of Rivers On Groundwater Temperature In Heterogeneous Buried-Valley Aquifers: Extent, Attenuation, And Phase Lag Of Seasonal Variation, Nathan Lee Young

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The temperature of groundwater in aquifers is relatively stable when compared to the water temperature in surface-water bodies. However, in aquifers that are hydraulically connected to rivers that have water flux into the aquifer, the local aquifer temperature can show seasonal variation. This project focused on the thermally-altered, near-river zone of such an aquifer, and used numerical methods to examine the extent of seasonal variation in temperature into the aquifer, and the attenuation and phase shift of the signal with distance from the river. The results show that the extent of alteration by diffusive heat flow is negligible compared to …

Characterization Of A Utica Shale Reflector Package Using Well Log Data And Amplitude Variation With Offset Analysis, Andrei Butterfield

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Using well logs and AVO gradient analysis, I identify and characterize a package of reflectors associated with the Utica Shale from vibroseis data collected by Wright State University at the Gabor Gas Storage field near Canton, Ohio. I also correlate TOC measurements from wells to densities and velocities at the same depths. On the seismic data, I interpret prominent reflections from the top and bottom of the Utica Shale and an intra-Utica reflector of varying frequency content associated with a velocity/density low in well log data. I investigate the possibility that the lateral variation in frequency content and change in …

Seismic Interpretation And Well Log Analysis Of Jay County, Indiana, Focused On Lithologic Units Below The Mt. Simon Formation, Jennifer Welder

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Cuttings recovered from two Benegar wells in Jay County, Indiana, have led to the recognition of a lithic arenite and limestone layer beneath the Mt. Simon Sandstone, the regional basal sandstone of the Paleozoic platform sequence. This lithic arenite is interpreted as the Middle Run Formation which has been observed in numerous wells within the Western Ohio, Northern Kentucky, and Indiana region. However, the limestone layer in these Benegar wells is unique, with only one other instance of limestone beneath the Mt. Simon being in the Mattison #1 well in southeast Clark County, Ohio. During the summer of 2013 students …

Phylogenetics, Population Genetics, And Evolution Of The Mallard Complex, Philip Lavretsky

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Speciation is primarily regarded as an ancestral split that results in two distinct taxonomic units, and proceeds in stages along a continuum from initiation (i.e., population divergence) to completion (i.e., reproductively isolated species). Establishing how and why populations diverge, including the primary mechanisms influencing these events is a major objective for evolutionary scientists. Focusing on incipient forms, researchers attempt to disentangle the antagonistic nature of selection, genetic drift, and gene flow in the speciation process.

In chapter 1, I investigate the phylogenetic relationships of 14 closely related taxa within the mallard complex (Anas spp.) that underwent a radiation within the …

Destruction Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons By Zero-Valent Zinc And Bimetallic Zinc Reductants In Bench-Scale Investigations, Christopher Scott Cushman

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Many remediation technologies have been developed to treat extensive subsurface contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). One such technology is a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), which contains reactive media that acts as an electron donor in order to reduce CHCs. Extensive effort has been placed on finding the most suitable reactive media in PRBs, with zero-valent iron (ZVI) being the most commonly utilized media. However, zero-valent zinc (ZVZ) is a promising replacement for ZVI in PRBs as it will more readily donate electrons, resulting in more rapid degradation of CHCs. In addition, amending a secondary/catalytic metal to primary metal surface can …

Tcdd Represses 3'IghRr Activation Through An Ahr-Dependent Shift In The Nf-Κb/Rel Protein Complexes Binding To Κb Motifs Within The Hs1,2 And Hs4 Enhancers, Richard L. Salisbury Jr.

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Transcriptional regulation of the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain gene involves several regulatory elements including the 3'Igh regulatory region (3'IghRR) composed of at least four enhancers (hs3A; hs1,2; hs3B; hs4). Enhancers hs1,2 and hs4 contain binding sites for several transcription factors including NF-κB/Rel proteins and the AhR. Interestingly, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) profoundly inhibits 3'IghRR and hs1,2 activation induced by the B-cell activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but enhances the activation of the hs4. Within the hs4, the AhR binding site overlaps an NF-κB/Rel binding site suggesting that both the AhR and the NF-κB together may modulate of the 3' …

Effect Of Land Use On Mercury In Soils Of Southwest Ohio, Rebecca L. Gamby

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Terrestrial biomass and soils are a primary reservoir of mercury (Hg) derived from natural and anthropogenic sources; however, the fate and stability of Hg in the surface soil reservoir and its susceptibility to change as a result of human activities is relatively unknown. In this study, soil concentrations of Hg and lead (Pb) were compared between old- and new-growth forest soils as well as fallow grassland and agricultural soils in southwest Ohio. Old- and new-growth forest soils had significantly greater concentrations of soil Hg, Pb, and organic matter than fallow and cultivated soils in the O/A horizon. Mercury:organic matter ratios …

Modeling Physical And Hydraulic Properties Of Disordered Porous Media: Applications From Percolation Theory And Fractal Geometry, Behzad Ghanbarian-Alavijeh

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A fundamental component of the hydrologic cycle is the movement of fluids in the pore space of geological formations and soils. Prediction of the motion of fluids in such porous materials requires first modeling the physical properties of the medium itself, and second, invoking a capable theory to describe fluid transport in tortuous interconnected pathways. In this dissertation, for the former we use fractal geometry since most phenomena in nature are fractal, and for the latter percolation theory is applied because it has successfully described flow and transport in disordered networks and media. We propose models for the soil water …

Biogeochemistry Of Sulfur Isotopes In Crystal Lake, Clark County, West-Central Ohio, Amanda Lynn Meyer

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Crystal Lake showed distinct biogeochemical patterns, which were governed by thermal stratification, photosynthesis, and sulfur redox processes. Field parameter measurements and water and Planktothrix rubescens samples were collected in May, August, and October, 2013 at the deepest point in the lake, to better understand these processes. At the metalimnion-hypolimnion boundary, P. rubescens produced chlorophyll and turbidity maxima. Photosynthesis produced oxygen-rich and nutrient-poor surface waters. The decay of organic matter produced anoxic, nutrient-rich water in the hypolimnion. Sulfate concentrations were high in the epilimnion and metalimnion, with a maximum at the layer of P. rubescens, and decreased with depth in the …

Environmental Factors Affecting Methylmercury In Fish Of The Laurentian Great Lakes Region, Joel Harvey

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Monomethylmercury (MMHg) can accumulate in fish to concentrations that pose a threat to the health of fish, piscivorous organisms, and humans who eat fish. A variety of environmental factors have been hypothesized to influence either the methylation of inorganic Hg or the bioaccumulation and magnification of MMHg. This study investigates the influence of selected environmental factors on MMHg concentrations in freshwater fish across a regional scale, most of the U.S. portion of Laurentian Great Lakes region. Fish MMHg was correlated with proton deposition, sulfate deposition, nitrate deposition, mercury deposition, pH, watershed area, and Secchi depth. Only proton deposition was positively …

Glacial Drift Thickness And Vs Characterized Using Three-Component Passive Seismic Data At The Dominion Stark-Summit Gas Storage Field, North Canton, Ohio, Cheryle Ann Boggs

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The Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) of broadband seismometer recordings, was explored in this study as a means of characterizing the varying depth to bedrock beneath a glacial drift surface layer. Data were collected using fifteen Guralp CMG-3ESPCD 3-component seismometers deployed from January 15, 2010 to March 16, 2010 over the Stark-Summit gas storage field of Dominion East Ohio. Using Antelope seismic analysis software, I used the HVSR of these seismic data to evaluate the apparent resonance frequency of the glacial drift surface layer and its dependency upon the thickness and shear velocity of the glacial drift. I also …

Mercury Distributions And Cycling In The North Atlantic And Eastern Tropical Pacific Oceans, Katlin L. Bowman

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The distribution of mercury (Hg) in the ocean is complex as a result of in situ chemical transformations and inputs from natural and anthropogenic sources. Within the ocean, inorganic Hg is methylated to monomethylmercury (MMHg), which bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in marine food webs and poses a health risk to humans who eat fish. The biogeochemistry of Hg in the ocean has been studied for decades, however, recently improved sampling and analytical techniques have allowed for an enhanced understanding of global distributions of different Hg species. This dissertation uses a newly developed method for the analysis of MMHg that improves detection …

Testing Of Two Novel Semi-Implicit Particle-In-Cell Techniques, Trenton J. Godar

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PIC (Particle-in-cell) modeling is a computational technique which functions by advancing computer particles through a spatial grid consisting of cells, on which can be placed electric and magnetic fields. This method has proven useful for simulating a wide range of plasmas and excels at yielding accurate and detailed results such as particle number densities, particle energies, particle currents, and electric potentials. However, the detailed results of a PIC simulation come at a substantial cost of computational requirement and the algorithm can be susceptible to numerical instabilities. As processors become faster and contain more cores, the computational expense of PIC simulations …