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Economic Evaluation Of Conservation Concepts For Municipal Water Systems, Trevor C. Hughes, Rangesan Narayanan, Mac Mckee, A. Bruce Bishop, Robert Leconte, Sumani Al-Hassan

Reports

Five concepts for conservation of municipal water supply are analyzed from an economic efficiency perspectice. They include: 1) seasonal pricing (for reduction of peak period water use), 2) dual water systems (separate high quality drinking water and untreated outdoor irrigation systems), 3) imported water transmission facility capacity optimization, 4) flow restricting devices, and 5) short-term rationing concepts. Optimization models, including generalized model generators, were developed for analysis of the first three concepts and demonstrated by applications to cities in Utah. The flow restricting device and short-term rationsing concept analyses applied approaches taken from the literature to example sites in Utah. …

Evaluation Of Volatilization Of Hazardous Constituents At Hazardous Waste Land Treatment Sites, R. Ryan Dupont, J. A. Reineman

Reports

The magnitude and extent of volatile organic emissions from hazardous waste land treatment systems were evaluated in laboratory and field studies using complex petroleum refining hazardous wastes. Laboratory experiments were conducted using two soils and a intert construction sand to investigate the emission flux rates of seven volatile constituents, i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, o-xylene, and naphthalene, from API Separatory Sludge and Slop Oil Emulsion Solids wastes in column and flask laboratory units as a function of waste application rate, application method (surface versus subsurface), soil type and soil physical characteristics. Field experiemtns were conducted at an active petroleum …

Feasibility Of Incorporating Aquaculture, Solar Pond Energy, And Mineral Extraction Technologies To Control Localized Sources Of Salinity In River Systems, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Salinity poses a serious and continuing problem to the full utilization of water resources in many river basins of western U.S. A variety of management measures have been employed to mitigate the damaging effects of salinity on agricultural crops as well as on municipal and industrial uses of water. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act illustrates the logic of addressing the problem on a basin wide basis under a strategy that give priority to those localized sources of salinity that contribute disproportionately large amounts of salt to the system. It remains then to devise control measures specific to each …

Seal Development And Infiltration As Affected By Rainfall Kinetic Energy, Deah Abed Mahamad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The infiltration of water into soil has been studied for more than 50 years. Much of the effort has concentrated on obtaining infiltration rate measurements for different soils and on developing equations which describe the resulting data. A portion of the infiltration literature has dealt with the large affect that the development of a surface seal has had on the resulting infiltration measurement of a soil. This surface seal may be more significant in determining the infiltration characteristics of a soil than any other single or perhaps combination of factors. Surface seal development has been linked to both rainfall energy …

Penetrating Ionizing Radiation Levels Observed In The Lower Arkansas And White River Valleys Of Arkansas, C. E. Epperson, S. Meiners, D. Swindle

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Environmental levels of penetrating ionizing radiation were measured in the lower Arkansas and White River valleys of Arkansas. Measurements of environmental gamma and cosmic rays were made using a portable high pressure ionization chamber. The surveyed area encompassed a large coal-fired industrial plant. Observed exposure rates ranged from 5.9 microRoentgens per hour (μR/h) to 13.4 μR/h. The average exposure rate for the region was 8.8 μR/h. This value corresponds to 77 millirem (mrem) or 0.77 milliSieverts (mSv) per year. In comparison, a prior state-wide survey reported an average dose equivalent rate of 78.2 mrem (0.782 mSv) per year in Arkansas.

Interspecific Correlations Of Harvest And Price For Arkansas Furbearers: A Cautionary Note, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt, Anita J. Giggleman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Reconnaissance Bathymetry Of Basins Occupied By Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, Nevada And California, Larry Benson, M. D. Mifflin

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Beginning about 12,500 years B.P., Lake Lahontan began to decline (fig. 1: Black Rock Desert data from Davis [1983]; Truckee River Delta data from Born [1972]; tufa data from Benson [1981]; packrat-midden data from Thompson and others [1985]) . As water levels declined, their altitudes fell below sill altitudes (table 1); locations of these sills are shown in figure 2. Today, five surface-water bodies (Black Rock Playa, Humboldt-Carson Sink, Walker Lake, Pyramid Lake, Honey Lake) exist in four of the seven subbasins (fig. 2).

The collective surface area of the modern lakes today (1985) totals less than 1,600 km2 . …

Biological Control Of Parkinsonia, W M. Woods

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

One of the most troublesome weeds in northern Australia'a lastoral country is Parkinsonia aculeata, commonly called Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Palo Verde or Retama. In 983 Western Australia, ueensland and the Northern Territory started a joint biological control programme against this perst by sending the author overseas to search for its natural predators in southern USA, Mexico and Central America. A few insects show promise and one, a bruchid beetle Mimosetes ulkei, is being tested under Quarantine in Queensland.

Impacts Of Alum Sludge On Tidal Freshwater Streams, Morris H. Roberts, Robert J. Diaz

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Alum sludge, generated in the processing of surface water .for drinking water supplies, has traditionally been discharged into nearby streams in Virginia and elsewhere. Alum sludge contains aluminum in an insoluble and non-toxic form. There remains concern, however, that alum sludge may have a negative impact on receiving waters.

Dredging And Disposal In The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Diaz, Robert J. Byrne, Linda C. Schaffner

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The management questions involved in dredging and open water dredged material disposal revolve around three basic issues: 1) stability of the dredged material within the defined disposal area, 2) altered resource value of bottoms affected by dredged material, and 3) mobilization of toxins from contaminated dredged material. These issues encompass all aspects of the physical and biological character of a project site. The actual evaluation of dredging and dredged material disposal has generally concentrated on acute impacts to bottom dwelling organisms, benthos, and or to water column characteristics. This emphasis has resulted in ample evidence that many disposal practices have …

Tributyltin In Whole Water And Sediment Collected From Marinas And The Hampton Roads Area In The Southern Chesapeake Bay : A Final Report, Donna J. Westbrook, Ellen J. Travelstead, Francois A. Espourteille, Charles D. Rice, Robert J. Huggett

Reports

This report presents data gathered in a program designed to monitor tributyltin (TBT) levels in water and sediment from areas in the southern Chesapeake Bay which experience high boating activities. The concentrations reported will hopefully give an insight into the extent and magnitude of TBT contamination in these areas.

The Effects Of Trace Organic Carbon On Aluminum Solubility, Fernand J. Tiblier

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Alum jar tests were performed on raw portable waters of varying TOC. Parameters monitored include alum dose, pH and mixing conditions. Finished waters were analyzed for residual aluminum, residual TOC and hardness in order to investigate the effects of TOC on aluminum residual as would be encountered by alum coagulation and lime softening process in practice.

Three-dimensional graphs of residual aluminum, residual TOC and pH were constructed to illustrate the relationship among these measured parameters for the different sources. Statistical analyses were conducted to verify aluminum-organic complexation at reduced alum dosages for varying TOCs; initial TOC, reaction pH and dose …

Growth, Survival, And Reproductive Success Of Largemouth Bass Stocked With Selected Forage Fishes In South Dakota Ponds, R. Dean Beck

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five fish stocking combinations were evaluated to determine effects of forage availability and geographic location on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) growth, survival, and reproductive success two and three years following stocking. Four forage species stocked with largemouth bass included bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), black bullheads (Ictalurus melas), golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). A largemouth bass only stocking strategy was also evaluated. Largemouth bass survival two years after stocking in eastern South Dakota ponds averaged 26.5%. Largemouth bass only and largemouth bass-bluegill combinations exhibited the greatest survival rates (31.6% and 28.8%, respectively), while the largemouth bass-black bullhead combination …

A Turkey Nesting Study In Gregory County, South Dakota, Tara L. Wertz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nest site vegetation characteristics and selection by wild turkey hens in Gregory County, South Dakota were examined during 1984 and 1985. A total of 23 adult and 12 juvenile hens were monitored during the study. Average adult nesting rate was 42% (31% in 1984 and 54% in 1985). No juveniles nested either year. Nesting success in 1984 and 1985 was 80% and 0%, respectively. Data was collected from 8 woodland and 5 grassland nests. Nest initiation dates ranged from 20 April to 13 June. Nest sites were chosen in locations having overhanging vegetation within 1 m above the nest bowl. …

Influence Of Geomorphological Origin Upon Macroinvertebrate Community Structure In Black Hills Streams, Matthew Lechner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to test a stream classification system proposed for the Black Hills National Forest. Stream physiochemical characteristics and macroinvertebrate community structure were compared among three geomorphically distinct landtype associations in the Black Hills. Stepwise disciminant analysis identified five physiochemical variables, which explained 90% of the variability among landtype associations. The classificatory discriminant procedure correctly reclassified 47 of 52 stations based on the five discriminating invertebrate taxa. Each landtype association was sufficiently different in stream physiochemical characteristics to permit classification. Macroinvertebrates exhibited distributional patterns related to changes in geomorphic structure and stream order, among landtype associations. …

Dynamics And Distribution Of Fishes Occupying A South Dakota Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Timothy R. Walters

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Distribution, population number, growth rate, and reproductive activities of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) were studied to evaluate the potential of the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir as a source of walleye brood stock. In addition, dynamics and distribution of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and orangespotted sunfish (L. humilis) were examined. Walleye grew well, reaching a weighted mean total length of 271 mm at formation of annulus I. Survival of walleye was poor, with population estimates of 41 and 43 fish in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Low sample size precluded analysis of distribution, but no consistent preference for an area of …

An Ecological Study Of Mourning Doves In A Cold Desert Ecosystem On The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Frank P. Howe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) use of and movements around man-made ponds, as well as dove nesting ecology, were studied from 1983 through 1985 on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). Relative dove use was higher (P < 0.01) on some ponds than others, and multiple regression revealed a positive association (R 2 = 0.49) between relative use and the geographic isolation of ponds. Two peaks in diurnal pond use were exhibited by doves on the INEL: the mourning peak began around 0800 and lasted until approximately 1300, and the evening peak began at about 2030 and ended by 2150. Seasonal pond use fluctuated slightly through the summer then dropped rapidly in early September. Average and average maximum movements indicated that the 41 mourning doves trapped and fitted with radio-transmitters at the Test Reactor Area (TRA) and the Naval Research Facility (NRF) did not move off of the INEL on a regular basis. The average distance from mourning dove locations to TRA and NRF was <2.0 km, and the average maximum dove location was <3.5 km from either facility. Average (<2.0 km) and average maximum (<3.5 km) distances were also measured from dove locations to watering sites. Doves captured at both TRA and NRF moved, on average, 1.5 km from their nests; the average maximum distance from a dove's location to its nest was 2.8 and 5.4 km for doves caught at TRA and NRF. The average maximum distance between any 2 locations (for the same individual) at both TRA and NRF was <4.0 km. Mourning doves on the INEL are primarily ground nesters. Nesting success averaged 68% per year, with 1.8 fledglings produced per successful nest. Nesting densities averaged 0.02 nests/ha during the study. Three peaks in hatching occurred on the INEL: 1 during the fourth week of June, another during the third week of July, and a third during the first and second weeks of August. Annual production estimates for the INEL ranged from 11,300 to 17,000 doves, based on a model using 2 and 3 nesting attempts per summer. No differences (P > 0.05) were indicated in the percent coverage of shrubs, grasses, forbs, and bare ground, as measured with the line-intercept method, in the 5-m area surrounding dove nests and paired random sites. However, a difference in the percentage of grass cover and bare ground, as measured with a point-frame, was indicated in the 1-m2 (microhabitat) centered on the nest or random site; nest sites contained …

Stocking Density, Strain Performance, And Feeding Method Evaluation Of Cage Reared Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) In Eastern South Dakota, Dale B. Allen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Methods for cage rearing rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were investigated to assist in the development of a landowner aquaculture program for eastern South Dakota. Rainbow trout when stocked as small fingerlings in the spring did not reach a marketable weight (200 g). The fish did attain a size acceptable to some landowners for personal consumption. Maximum stocking density (fish/m3) was not determined. Densities greater than those used would have been needed to determine the optimum stocking rate. The use of a deeper culture cage (3 m) was justified in this area due to the high water temperatures that were common. …

Pheasant Nesting And Vegetation Development In Dense Nesting Cover Established Under The South Dakota Pheasant Restoration Program, Emmett J. Keyser Iii

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) nest use of dense nesting cover (DNC) established under the Pheasant Restoration Program was evaluated in Beadle, Codington, Tripp, and Walworth Counties in South Dakota from 1978 to 1981. Nest densities and success in DNC plots were compared to those found in roadsides and privately owned alfalfa (Medicago sativa) fields, pastures, and small grain fields. Vegetation density and cover development were monitored on DNC plots. Nest densities were generally greatest in DNC plots followed by roadsides and alfalfa fields. Pastures and small grain fields contained the lowest nest densities. No relationship was detected between nest success and …

An Assessment Of Hybrid Poplar Biomass Plantations For Ontario, Peter Caleb Sturrup

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The search for an alternative to oil dominated political and economic thinking during the 1970’s and continues in this decade. In Ontario, one such alternative is methanol, which could possibly be supplied in large quantities from hybrid poplar biomass plantations. While the nature of these plantations has been debated at greath length, the exact quantity and location of land that could be available for plantations in Ontario has not been identified.

Using the Land Evaluation Model (LEM 2) developed at the University of Guelph an inventory of the land resources and the resulting land use patterns is determined. Throughout the …

A Primary Unit On The Desert, Deborah Bybee Graves

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Recommendations For Amelioration Of Legal And Environmental Concerns About Mining Of Deepsea Deposits Of Polymetallic Sulfides, Michael P. De Luca

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Monthly Report On The State Of Rivers 1986, Albert Kuo

Reports

Chiefly graphs showing monthly salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen distributions at slackwater for the James, York, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock Rivers.

1986: July, August

A Survey Of Potential Problems Related To Toxic Organic Chemical Contamination Of Aquatic Environments, Carol B. Rideout, Michael E. Bender

Reports

Toxic organic chemicals have affected aquatic resources by (1) restricting harvest; (2) causing biological damage to harvestable stocks; and (3) damaging other biological resources eg. benthic animals and birds.

Areas under review:

Puget Sound, Oregon Bays, San Francisco Bay, Southern California, Louisiana, Mississippi Sound and Mobile Bay, Texas Bays, Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries, Delaware Bay, New York Harbor, Hudson R~ ver - Raritan Bay Estuary, Narragansett Bay, the Great Lakes. Annotated bibliographies included with each sector.

Third Quarterly Progress Report For The Period July 1, 1985 - December 31, 1985, Chesapeake Bay Research And Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Initiatives, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In The Chesapeake Bay And Tributaries - 1985, Robert Orth, Jim Simons, Judith Capelli, Virginia Carter, Larry Hindman, Stephen Hodges, Kenneth Moore, Nancy Rybicki

Reports

No abstract provided.

The York River: A Brief Review Of Its Physical, Chemical And Biological Characteristics, Michael E. Bender

Reports

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the York River, Virginia. The river is formed by the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey rivers at West Point, Virginia. It is tidal over its entire length and flows to the western shore of Chesapeake Bay.

Analysis Of The Charleston, Illinois Water Supply For The Presence Of Organic Mutagens Utilizing The Ames Salmonella/Microsome Assay, Steven Lee Washburn

Masters Theses

Water samples from the Charleston, Illinois water supply and selected agricultural run-off areas were tested for the presence of organic mutagenic chemicals. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay utilizing strains TA98 and TA100 was used to analyze concentrated water samples. A special set of samples was exposed to the S9 activation system coupled with the TA98 strain to simulate the mammalian metabolic system.

No mutagens were detected in any of the samples tested. Several positive and negative control systems were included in the testing system. Negative control systems were used to determine the average spontaneous reversion rates for each strain for …

Shire Of Wanneroo : A Study Of Land Resources And Planning Considerations, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, M R. Wells, A J. Clarke

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Jandakot Groundwater Scheme Area : A Study Of Land Resources And Planning Considerations, M R. Wells, N L B Richards, A J. Clarke

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.