Digital Commons Network^™

Long-Term Reduction Of Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection In Sylvatic Mammals Following Deforestation And Sustained Vector Surveillance In Northwestern Argentina, L. A. Ceballos, M. V. Cardinal, G. M. Vazquez-Prokopec, M. A. Lauricella, M. M. Orozco, M. Roberto Cortinas, A. G. Schijman, M. J. Levin, Uriel Kitron, R. E. Gürtlera

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Long-term variations in the dynamics and intensity of sylvatic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi were investigated around eight rural villages in the semiarid Argentine Chaco in 2002–2004 and compared to data collected locally in 1984–1991. Of 501 wild mammals from 13 identified species examined by xenodiagnosis, only 3 (7.9%) of 38 Didelphis albiventris opossums and 1 (1.1%) of 91 Conepatus chinga skunks were infected by T. cruzi. The period prevalence in opossums was fourfold lower in 2002–2004 than in 1984–1991 (32–36%). The infection prevalence of skunks also decreased five-fold from 4.1–5.6% in 1984–1991 to 1.1% in 2002–2004. Infection in opossums increased …

Effects Of Insect Herbivory On Physiological And Biochemical (Oxidative Enzyme) Responses Of The Halophyte Atriplex Subspicata (Chenopodiaceae), P. D. Nabity, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Leon G. Higley

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Physiological responses of the halophyte, Atriplex subspicata Nutt. Rydb., to defoliation injury were evaluated through a series of experiments measuring plant gas exchange, fluorometry, and enzyme activity. Leaves exposed to simulated insect herbivory exhibited reductions in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Carboxylation efficiency, maximum assimilation, and CO₂ compensation were also negatively associated with mechanical leaf injury. Insect injury by a herbivore generalist, Spilosoma virginica, also reduced photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency within the saturated spectrum of A/C_i response curves. Initially, declines in photosynthesis occurred because of transient stomatal limitations. However, after time, mesophyll limitations impaired photosynthesis and the …

Oil-Soluble Dyes For Marking Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Elis Christine Vilarinho, Odair Aparecido Fernandes, Celso Omoto, Thomas E. Hunt

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Although various biological aspects of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) have been examined, adult movement and dispersal of this insect pest is not well understood. Release-recapture techniques by using marked insects is a useful approach for dispersal studies; however, the marking technique should not significantly affect insect biology or behavior. Therefore, the effect of different concentrations of oil-soluble dyes (Solvent Blue 35 [C.I. 61554], Sudan Red 7B [C.I. 26050], Sudan Black B [26150], Sudan Orange G [C.I. 11920], and Sudan I 103624 [C.I. 12055]) on development, mortality, and fecundity of S. frugiperda was evaluated. Dyes were added to artificial …

Temperature Effect On Kinetics Of Uptake, Transfer, And Clearance Of [14C]Noviflumuron In Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Neil A. Spomer, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

[¹⁴C]Noviflumuron uptake, clearance, rate of excretion, and transfer from treated to untreated termite workers were evaluated at 15, 19, 23, and 27°C. Feeding units were constructed from plastic containers provisioned with washed sand, distilled water, [¹⁴C]noviflumuron-treated feeding discs (0.05 or 0.5% [AI]), and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) workers. Feeding units were held in environmental growth chambers preset at 15, 19, 23, and 27°C. The amount of [¹⁴C]noviflumuron present within R. flavipes was measured by scintillation counting and subsequently quantified. Uptake of noviflumuron by R. flavipes workers at 15°C was ≈2.8 times less than at 19 …

Partner-Driven Agricultural Research-For-Development Networks In West Africa: The Case Of Rocariz, L. T. Narteh, M. Winslow, Ousmane Youm, S. O. Keya

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Agricultural research feeds the knowledge base that underpins food security and rural employment across sub-Saharan Africa. However, in West Africa, many national agricultural research programs (NARS) are small and have insufficient resources to carry out well-rounded, in-depth research programs. Since the crops, cropping systems and food needs of these countries have much in common, there is a clear opportunity for sharing knowledge and capacities for mutual benefit through networks.

However, conventional crop-based networks in sub-Saharan Africa were mainly mechanisms for centralized dissemination and testing of technologies, an approach that treated NARS as dependent recipients of research outputs generated by international …

Ecologically-Based Participatory Ipm In A Global Context: The Ipm Crsp Model, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The IPM CRSP develops and implements approaches to IPM that help raise the standard of living and improve the environment in countries around the world. The IPM CRSP model is based on (1) participatory IPM, (2) networking, (3) capacity/institution building, (4) res~h and. technology development and (5) technology ·transfer. Regional programs in Central Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Latin American/Caribbean, Eastern Europe, South Asia and Southeast Asia address problems of a specific region and the global themes, invasive species, information technology and databases, regional diagnostic laboratories, insect transmitted viruses, and impact assessments deal with universal issues. Major crop emphasis is …

Cowpea Weevil Flights To A Point Source Of Female Sex Pheromone: Analyses Of Flight Tracks At Three Wind Speeds, L. P. S. Kuenen, H. C. Rowe

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Two-day-old male cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus, fly upwind to a point source of female sex pheromone at three wind speeds. All beetles initiating flight along the pheromone plume make contact with the pheromone source. Analysis of digitized flight tracks indicates that C. maculatus males respond similarly to moths tested at several wind speeds. Beetles’ mean net upwind speeds and speeds along their track are similar (P > 0.05) across wind speeds, whereas airspeeds increase (P < 0.01) with increasing wind speed. Beetles adjust their course angles to fly more directly upwind in higher wind speeds, whereas track angles are almost identical at each wind speed. The zigzag flight paths are generally narrow compared with most moth flight tracks and interturn distances are similar (P > 0.05) at the wind speeds employed. The frequency of these counterturns across the wind line is almost constant regardless of wind speed, and there is …

Olfactory Cues And Nest Recognition In The Solitary Bee Osmia Lignaria, Christelle Guedot, Theresa Pitts-Singer, James Buckner, Jordi Bosch, William Kemp

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The use of olfactory cues for nest recognition by the solitary bee Osmia lignaria is studied in a greenhouse environment. Glass tubes are provided as nesting cavities to allow the in-nest behavior of bees to be observed. In addition, each glass tube is cut into three sections for experimental manipulation and for subsequent chemical analysis. Nesting females drag their abdomen along the tube before exiting, spiral inside the tube, and sometimes deposit fluid droplets from the tip of the abdomen. For the manipulation, the outer section, the middle section, or both sections are removed and replaced with similar clean glass …

Tb192: The Use Of Glyphosate Herbicides In Managed Forest Ecosystems And Their Effects On Non-Target Organisms With Particular Reference To Ants As Bioindicators, Kerry F.L. Guiseppe, Francis A. Drummond, Constance Stubbs, Stephen Woods

Technical Bulletins

This publication reviews and synthesizes the results of many research studies designed to elucidate the ecological effects of the herbicide glyphosate used in forested landscapes. We have not intended our review to be an exhaustive review of all published studies (both laboratory and field investigations) concerned with faunal and floral glyphosate interactions and the environmental fate of glyphosate. We particularly focused on studies that had relevance to north temperate forest ecosystems and selected published investigations to incorporate into our review that cover a wide range of faunal and floral taxa that might be exposed to herbicides during applications.

Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding Behavior On Transgenic Maize (Mon 863) And Its Isoline, Pete L. Clark, Ty T. Vaughn, Lance J. Meinke, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Diabrotica species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval behavior studies have posed a challenge to researchers because of the subterranean life cycle of this pest. To fully understand how the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, injures the maize, Zea mays L., root system, its behavior must be studied. For example, larvae that can detect an area of the root that has a lower amount of toxin, whether from an insecticide or a transgenic maize plant, have an increased chance of survival. This study assessed D. v. virgifera larval feeding behavior on rootworm-susceptible maize and maize containing a biotechnology-derived trait (MON863) with …

Effects Of Temperature On Development Of Phormia Regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) And Use Of Developmental Data In Determining Time Intervals In Forensic Entomology, P. D. Nabity, Leon G. Higley, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Precise developmental data for forensic indicator blow fly species are essential for accuracy in the estimate of the post-mortem interval (PMI). Why, then, does the determination of the PMI result in conflicting time frames when published conspecific developmental data are used? To answer this question, we conducted constant temperature trials between the developmental minimum temperature and upper threshold temperatures (8-32 degrees C) on the forensically important blow fly species Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Flies were reared using two designs to quantify sources of variation. We measured rearing container temperatures and internal growth chamber temperatures by using thermocouples to accurately …

Australian Plague Locust (Chortoicetes Terminifera), Department Of Agriculture And Food, Wa

Bulletins 4000 -

The Australian plague locust (APL) is the most economically important grasshopper in Australia. The immature hopper stage damages mainly pastures in farming areas, and gardens and lawns in domestic areas. They tend to avoid established green crops, although the edges of crops can be damaged. Adult locusts can form swarms and fly into other areas, damaging pastures, ripening cereal, lupin and pulse crops, grapevines, fruit trees and native tree seedlings. If crops have completely dried off before locusts begin flying, the possibility of damage is considerably less.

Spatial Learning In Dragonflies, Perri K. Eason, Paul Switzer

Paul V. Switzer

No abstract provided.

Ants Said To Use ‘Odometers’, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Tanja Mckay

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Scorpions’ Bad Rap Dates To Prehistoric Times, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Tanja Mckay

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Scarab Family Hybosoridae And Monographic Revision Of The New World Subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Federico C. Ocampo

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum

1. Introduction to the Scarab Family Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Federico C. Ocampo.

2. Molecular Phylogenetics and Systematic Placement of the Family Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Federico C. Ocampo and David C. Hawks.

3. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Federico C. Ocampo.

4. Catalog of the Subfamilies Anaidinae, Ceratocanthinae, Hybosorinae, Liparochrinae, and Pachyplectrinae (Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae). Federico C. Ocampo and Alberto Ballerio.

Abstract. Phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revisions were conducted on the scarabaeoid family Hybosoridae. Two new subfamilies of Hybosoridae are described, Liparochrinae and Pachyplectrinae. Phylogenetic analysis and a systematic revision of the New World subfamily Anaidinae are provided. The …

Characteristics Of Bark Beetle Infestations In East Texas During A Period Of Low Southern Pine Beetle Activity, David L. Kulhavy

Faculty Publications

The species composition nf southern pine bark beetle infestations was examined in east Texas in 1979, A total of 545 infestations were located in thirteen 18,000 acresurvey blocks. Ips spp, were observed in 98.9 of ihe infestations, with black turpentine beetles, Dendrnclonus lerebrans Olivier, present in 42.4 % ofthe infestations. Southern pine beetles, D. fronlulis Zimmemiann. were only observed in 11 infestations (2.0%), and were less abundant than other bark beetle species in these infestations. Almost 80% of the infestations were associated with a recognizable pre-disposing factor (lightning, fire, etc.). Most Infestations were small (less than six trees), though infestations …

Rediscovery And Redescription Of The Remarkable Phoenicus Sanguinipennis Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Trachyderini) From The Dominican Republic, Steven Lingafelter, Eugenio Nearns

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Phoenicus sanguinipennis was described by Lacordaire in 1869 based on one male specimen of unknown origin. We rediscovered this species 135 years later in the Punta Cana region in La Altagracia Province of eastern Dominican Republic (18°30.477’N, 68°22.499’W). Twenty-seven specimens were collected at lights and on dead Maclura tinctoria (Linnaeus) D. Don ex Steudel (Moraceae). We provide a thorough description of the species and the previously unknown female, and a discussion of the previous and current knowledge of the species.

Review Of Lady Beetles In The Cycloneda Germainii Species Complex (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae: Coccinellini) With Descriptions Of New And Unusual Species From Chile And Surrounding Countries, Guillermo González, Natalia J. Vandenberg

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

A complex of lady beetle species including Cycloneda germainii (Crotch) is reviewed and seven valid species recognized, including C. germainii, C. eryngii (Mulsant), C. sicardi (Brèthes), C. boliviana (Mulsant), and three new species, C. lacrimosa González & Vandenberg, n. sp., C. disconsolata Vandenberg & González, n. sp., and C. patagonica González & Vandenberg, n. sp. Cycloneda duplaris (Berg) and Arrowella albilacus Brèthes, previously synonymized with C. areata Mulsant, are placed as new synonyms of C. germainii; C. boliviana is removed from synonymy with C. areata and reinstated as a full species; C. sicardi (Brèthes) is recognized as the valid replacement …

Taygete Sphecophila (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera; Autostichidae): Redescription Of The Adult, Description Of The Larva And Pupa, And Impact On Polistes Wasps (Hymenoptera; Vespidae) Nests In The Galapagos Islands, Bernard Landry, David Adamski, Patrick Schmitz, Christine Parent, Lazaro Roque-Albelo

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Taygete sphecophila (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera; Autostichidae) is reported on the Galapagos Islands. The morphology of the moth, larva, and pupa are described and illustrated in details. Part of the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced and made available on GenBank. The incidence of predation by T. sphecophila on nests of Polistes versicolor Olivier (Hymenoptera; Vespidae) was measured in four different vegetation zones of Floreana and Santa Cruz Islands. The percentages of infested nests varied greatly (from 13.9% to 66.7% on Floreana and from 20.0 to 100% on Santa Cruz) and no clear ecological trends could be ascertained.

Comparative Efficiency Of Six Stable Fly Traps., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile

David B Taylor

Five adhesive traps and the Nzi cloth-target trap were compared to determine their trapping efficiency and biases for stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Two confgurations of the BiteFree prototype trap, constructed of polyethylene terephthalate, were most efficient for trapping stable flies, whereas the EZ trap was least efficient. The two Alsynite traps, Broce and Olson, were intermediate to the BiteFree prototype and EZ traps. All adhesive traps collected a ratio of approximately two males for each female. Approximately 50% of the flies collected on the adhesive traps, both male and female, were blood fed, and 20% were vitellogenic. …

Incorporating Targeted Grazing Into Farming Systems, Andrew W. Lenssen, Patrick Hatfield, Hayes Goosey, Sue Blodgett

Andrew W. Lenssen

When incorporating targeted grazing into farming systems, livestock producers and farm operators need assurance that the benefits from their activities are worth their investments. This chapter will focus on how integrating grazing, particularly with sheep and goats, into farming systems can offer those benefits. The concepts are not new. Cropping systems were once integrated with livestock production: Livestock gained forage value from crop aftermath, crops were grown to sustain livestock, and livestock were used as implements to produce crops. Today, few cropping systems include livestock. Sheep and goats are traditionally produced on rangelands or pasture forages and supplemented during winter …

Correlations Among Traits Associated With Herbivore Resistance And Pollination: Implications For Pollination And Nectar Robbing In A Distylous Plant, Rebecca E. Irwin, Lynn Adler

Lynn Adler

Plants interact simultaneously with a diversity of visitors, including herbivores and pollinators. Correlations among traits associated with herbivory and pollination may constrain the degree to which plants can evolve in response to any one interactor. Using the distylous plant, Gelsemium sempervirens, we tested the hypothesis that traits typically associated with pollination (distyly) and herbivore resistance (secondary compounds) were phenotypically correlated and examined how these traits influenced plant interactions with floral visitors. The flowers of G. sempervirens are visited by pollinators and a nectar robber, and the leaves and flowers express gelsemine, an alkaloid that is deterrent and sometimes toxic to …

The Importance Of Monkey Beetle (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini) Pollination For Aizoaceae And Asteraceae In Grazed And Ungrazed Areas At Paulshoek, Succulent Karoo, South Africa, Carolin Mayer, Geofrey Soka, Mike Picker

Geofrey Soka

No abstract provided.

Key To Selected Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) Larvae Intercepted At U. S. Ports Of Entry: Revision Of Pyraloidea In “Keys To Some Frequently Intercepted Lepidopterous Larvae” By Weisman 1986, M. Alma Solis

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

A key to frequently intercepted lepidopterous larvae, designed for U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS) identifiers at U.S. ports, was last revised in 1986. Since then many changes have occurred in the classification, nomenclature, and the nature of commodities being imported into the U.S. In this revision of the section on Pyraloidea, species recently intercepted are included, the most recent generic combinations are used, and families and subfamilies are now included in the key. Distributions are updated, stating if the species occurs in Hawaii or restricted areas of the continental United States. A …

Discovery Of A New Species Of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Donald M. Anderson, Boris A. Korotyaev, Steven W. Lingafelter

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Smicronyx obrieni Anderson, Korotyaev, and Lingafelter, a new species associated with ragweed [Ambrosia grayi (A. Nelson) Shinners], was discovered in Krasnodar (Russia) and Texas (United States), and is described.

County-Level Surveillance Of White-Tailed Deer Infestation By Ixodes Scapularis And Dermacentor Albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) Along The Illinois River, M. Roberto Cortinas, Uriel Kitron

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

From 1998 to 2003, 4,935 hunter-killed deer in northern and central Illinois were examined for ticks; 4,066 blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, and 6,530 winter ticks, Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) (Acari: Ixodidae), were collected. I. scapularis was the predominant tick species in the northern portion of the study area, with a decreasing north-to-south prevalence gradient. In contrast, D. albipictus was more common in the south with a decreasing south-to-north prevalence gradient. Compared with previous studies, the geographic range for both species expanded into the central portion of the Illinois River. Prevalence and intensity of both tick species were greater on bucks, …

Absence Of Genetic Divergence Between Western Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Resistant And Susceptible To Control By Crop Rotation, Nicholas Miller, K. S. Kim, S. T. Ratcliffe, A. Estoup, T. Guillemaud

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of corn, Zea mays L., in North America that has recently invaded Europe. A loss of ovipositional fidelity to cornfields has allowed the species to circumvent crop rotation as a means of control in part of its range in the United States. Analyses of variation at eight microsatellite loci provided no evidence for general genetic differentiation between samples of western corn rootworm collected in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., fields and those collected in cornfields both inside and outside the rotation-resistance problem area. This result suggests …

Seasonality And Adult Habitat Use By Four Diabrotica Species At Prairie–Corn Interfaces, Laura A. Campbell, Lance J. Meinke

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Although Diabrotica pest species have been well studied in field corn, Zea mays L., relatively little is known about adult habitat use by pest and nonpest species at prairie-corn interfaces. Therefore, the objective of this work was to compare seasonal patterns of beetles of four Diabrotica species and their use of remnant prairie and adjacent field corn habitats in southeastern Nebraska. The study was conducted at five sites in 2001 and continued at three sites in 2002. The Diabrotica species included D. barberi Smith and Lawrence, D. cristata (Harris), D. virgifera virgifera LeConte, and D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber. Cucurbitacin vial …

Genetic And Morphological Comparisons Of New And Old World Populations Of Spalangia Species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), David B. Taylor, Roger Moon, Gary Gibson, Allen L. Szalanski

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The genetic similarity of New and Old World samples of Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was examined using two ribosomalDNAregions. The species examined were Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Bouček, Spalangia nigra Latreille, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, and Spalangia slovaca Bouček. Two species of Muscidifurax, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders and Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were included as outgroup taxa. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region was highly variable among Spalangia species with many insertions/deletions making alignment of the sequences difÞcult. The D2-D3 region of the 28s ribosomal gene and the nuclear rDNA 18s gene were …