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T154, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

T314, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

T114, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

T414, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

Strain Field_Y, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘Strain field_y’ spreadsheet is the axial strain information of all the nodes. Data format is the same as ‘Strain field_x’

Supporting information

Pf7, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘PS’ and ‘PF’ spreadsheets are the data of the prediction and calibration tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

Ps Series, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘PS’ and ‘PF’ spreadsheets are the data of the prediction and calibration tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

T111, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

T124, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

T214, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

High-Precision U-Pb Age Constraints On The Permian Floral Turnovers, Paleoclimate Change, And Tectonics Of The North China Block, Qiong Wu, Jahandar Ramezani, Hua Zhang, Jun Wang, Wan Yang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Permian marine-terrestrial system of the North China block provides an exceptional window into the evolution of northern temperate ecosystems during the critical transition from icehouse to greenhouse following the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA). Despite many studies on its rich hydrocarbon reserves and climate-sensitive fossil flora, uncertain temporal constraints and correlations have hampered a thorough understanding of the records of geologic, biologic, and climatic change from the North China block. We present a new chronostratigraphy based on high-precision U-Pb chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) geochronology of tuffs from a near-complete latest Carboniferous-Permian succession in North China. The …

Characterization And Oil Recovery Enhancement By A Polymeric Nanogel Combined With Surfactant For Sandstone Reservoirs, Mustafa Mohammed Almahfood, Baojun Bai

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The characterization and enhanced oil recovery mechanisms of a nanosized polymeric cross-linked gel are presented herein. A negatively charged nanogel was synthesized using a typical free radical suspension polymerization process by employing 2-acrylamido 2-methyl propane sulfonic acid monomer. The synthesized nanogel showed a narrow size distribution with one peak pointing to a predominant homogeneous droplet size. The charged nanogels were also able to adsorb at the oil-water interfaces to reduce interfacial tension and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, which ultimately improved the recovered oil from hydrocarbon reservoirs. In addition, a fixed concentration of negatively charged surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS) was …

Concentrated Lunar Resources: Imminent Implications For Governance And Justice, Martin Elvis, Alanna Krolikowski, Tony Milligan

History and Political Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Numerous missions planned for the next decade are likely to target a handful of small sites of interest on the Moon's surface, creating risks of crowding and interference at these locations. The Moon presents finite and scarce areas with rare topography or concentrations of resources of special value. Locations of interest to science, notably for astronomy, include the Peaks of Eternal Light, the coldest of the cold traps and smooth areas on the far side. Regions richest in physical resources could also be uniquely suited to settlement and commerce. Such sites of interest are both few and small. Typically, there …

Unsteady-State Contact Angle Hysteresis During Droplet Oscillation In Capillary Pores: Theoretical Model And Vof Simulation -- Supporting Information, Chao Zeng, Wen Deng, Lichun Wang

Research Data

Contact angle hysteresis (CAH) is a critical phenomenon that could significantly affect the fate of immiscible bubbles/droplets in vadose zones, nonaqueous phase liquid contaminated aquifers, and saline aquifers for CO₂ sequestration in terms of infiltration patterns and residual trapping mechanisms. When external physical impacts such as oscillatory excitation or pulse forcing are applied, it could result in pinned oscillation of droplets due to this CAH. Conventional steady-state analysis of contact angle could underestimate CAH. As the first time to take unsteady-state effect into consideration, a hydrodynamic analysis is developed in this study to address the unsteady-state CAH theoretically, and …

Stress-State Dependency Of The Deformation Ratio Of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils Under Cyclic Loading -- Supporting Information, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Research Data

Poisson’s ratio, besides its transverse-axial strain ratio definition, also plays a significant role in traditional elastic theory as an elastic constant. However, this elastic role of Poisson’s ratio faces a challenge when applied to quasi-elastic granular soils. A so-called “deformation ratio” is therefore introduced and measured in this paper for quasi-elastic granular soils. With the same definition of the transverse-axial strain ratio as Poisson’s ratio, the stress-state dependency of the deformation ratio and the break-down of conversion relationship of elastic constants are investigated under cyclic triaxial tests. The results show that Poisson’s ratio is consistent with deformation ratio only in …

Unsteady-State Contact Angle Hysteresis During Droplet Oscillation In Capillary Pores: Theoretical Model And Vof Simulation -- Data, Chao Zeng, Wen Deng, Lichun Wang

Unsteady-State Contact Angle Hysteresis during Droplet Oscillation in Capillary Pores: Theoretical Model and VOF Simulation -- Data

Spreadsheet - Data of Figures 2 through 11.

Supporting information

Timing Of Deformation Along The Iron Springs Thrust, Southern Sevier Fold-And-Thrust Belt, Utah: Evidence For An Extensive Thrusting Event In The Mid-Cretaceous, J. Daniel Quick, John Patrick Hogan, Michael Wizevich, Jonathan Obrist-Farner, James L. Crowley

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The temporal and spatial distribution of strain associated with the Sevier orogeny in western North America is significantly different in the southern end of the belt, at the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada, than farther to the north at the latitude of Salt Lake City, Utah. Reasons for these differences have been speculative as a lack of temporal constraints on thrusting in the intervening region hindered along-strike correlation across the belt. We determined a crystallization age of 100.18 ± 0.04 Ma for zircons extracted from a recently recognized dacite lapilli ash-fall tuff near the base of the synorogenic Iron Springs …

Micro-Annulus Generation Under Downhole Conditions: Insights From Three-Dimensional Staged Finite Element Analysis Of Cement Hardening And Wellbore Operations, Weicheng Zhang, Andreas Eckert

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A micro-annulus (MA) is defined as a high permeability zone or gap initiating/occurring at the casing-cement and cement-formation interfaces during the wellbore life span. An MA can significantly compromise wellbore integrity by establishing enhanced fluid flow pathways. This study uses a staged finite element approach to simulate wellbore integrity during various loading steps of wellbore operations under downhole conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the processes of cement poro-elastic property evolution, volume variation, and pore pressure variation as part of the cement hardening step. The resulting state of stress during the life cycle of a typical injection well (i.e. hardening, …

Groundwater Withdrawal Prediction Using Integrated Multitemporal Remote Sensing Data Sets And Machine Learning, S. Majumdar, Ryan G. Smith, J. J. Butler, V. Lakshmi

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Effective monitoring of groundwater withdrawals is necessary to help mitigate the negative impacts of aquifer depletion. In this study, we develop a holistic approach that combines water balance components with a machine learning model to estimate groundwater withdrawals. We use both multitemporal satellite and modeled data from sensors that measure different components of the water balance and land use at varying spatial and temporal resolutions. These remote sensing products include evapotranspiration, precipitation, and land cover. Due to the inherent complexity of integrating these data sets and subsequently relating them to groundwater withdrawals using physical models, we apply random forests -- …

Drastic Vegetation Change In The Guajira Peninsula (Colombia) During The Neogene, Carlos Jaramillo, Pierre Sepulchre, Damian Cardenas, Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobe, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Dry biomes occupy ~35% of the landscape in the Neotropics, but these are heavily human-disturbed. In spite of their importance, we still do not fully understand their origins and how they are sustained. The Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia is dominated by dry biomes and has a rich Neogene fossil record. Here, we have analyzed its changes in vegetation and precipitation during the Neogene using a fossil pollen and spore dataset of 20 samples taken from a well and we also dated the stratigraphic sequence using microfossils. In addition, we analyzed the pollen and spore contents of 10 Holocene samples …

Slab Dehydration And Mantle Upwelling In The Vicinity Of The Sumatra Subduction Zone: Evidence From Receiver Function Imaging Of Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities, Fansheng Kong, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Weiwei Ding, Jiabiao Li

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A total of 10,586 P-to-S radial receiver functions recorded by 64 broadband seismic stations were utilized to image the 410 and 660 km discontinuities (d410 and d660, respectively) bordering the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the Sumatra Island, the Malay Peninsula, and the western margin of the South China Sea. The d410 and d660 were imaged by stacking receiver functions in successive circular bins with a radius of 1°, after moveout corrections based on the 1-D IASP91 Earth model. The resulting apparent depths of the discontinuities exhibit significant and spatially systematic variations. The apparent depths of the d410 and d660 …

Topography Of The 410 And 660 Km Discontinuities Beneath The Cenozoic Okavango Rift Zone And Adjacent Precambrian Provinces, Youqiang Yu, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

By taking advantage of the recent availability of a broadband seismic data set from Networks NR and BX covering the entire country of Botswana, we conduct a systematic receiver function investigation of the topography of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities beneath the incipient Okavango rift zone (ORZ) in northern Botswana and its adjacent Archean-Proterozoic tectonic provinces in southern Africa. Similar to a previous mantle transition zone (MTZ) discontinuity study using data from a 1-D profile traversing the ORZ, a normal MTZ thickness is observed in most parts of the study area. This is inconsistent with the existence of widespread …

Role Of Fluid Injection On Earthquake Size In Dynamic Rupture Simulations On Rough Faults, Jeremy Maurer, Eric M. Dunham, Paul Segall

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An outstanding question for induced seismicity is whether the volume of injected fluid and/or the spatial extent of the resulting pore pressure and stress perturbations limit rupture size. We simulate ruptures with and without injection‐induced pore pressure perturbations, using 2‐D dynamic rupture simulations on rough faults. Ruptures are not necessarily limited by pressure perturbations when (1) background shear stress is above a critical value, or (2) pore pressure is high. Both conditions depend on fault roughness. Stress heterogeneity from fault roughness primarily determines where ruptures stop; pore pressure has a secondary effect. Ruptures may be limited by fluid volume or …

Groundwater Storage Loss Associated With Land Subsidence In Western United States Mapped Using Machine Learning, Ryan G. Smith, Sayantan Majumdar

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction has numerous negative consequences, such as loss of groundwater storage and damage to infrastructure. Understanding the magnitude, timing, and locations of land subsidence, as well as the mechanisms driving it, is crucial to implementing mitigation strategies, yet the complex, nonlinear processes causing subsidence are difficult to quantify. Physical models relating groundwater flux to aquifer compaction exist but require substantial hydrological data sets and are time consuming to calibrate. Land deformation can be measured using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS, but the former is computationally expensive to estimate at scale and is subject …

A Bayesian Framework To Unravel Food, Groundwater, And Climate Linkages: A Case Study From Louisiana, Nitin K. Singh, Ruchi Bhattacharya, David M. Borrok

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Advancing our understanding of the connections among groundwater, food, and climate is critical to meet global food demands while optimizing water resources usage. However, our understanding of the linkages among groundwater, food, and climate is still limited. Here, we offer a Bayesian framework to simulate crop yield at a regional scale and quantify its relationships and associated uncertainty with climate, groundwater, agricultural, and energy-related variables. We implemented the framework in the rice-producing regions of Louisiana from 1960-2015. To build a parsimonious model, we used a probability-based variable selection approach to detect the key drivers of rice yield. Rice yield increased, …

Receiver Function Imaging Of The 410 And 660 Km Discontinuities Beneath The Australian Continent, Kailun Ba, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Fansheng Kong, Jianguo Song

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To provide constraints on a number of significant controversial issues related to the structure and dynamics of the Australian continent, we utilize P-to-S receiver functions (RFs) recorded by 182 stations to map the 410 and 660 km discontinuities (d410 and d660, respectively) bordering the mantle transition zone (MTZ). The RFs are stacked in successive circular bins with a radius of 1° under a non-plane wave front assumption. The d410 and d660 depths obtained using the 1-D IASP91 earth model show a systematic apparent uplifting of about 15 km for both discontinuities in central and western Australia relative to eastern Australia, …

Mantle Structure And Flow Beneath An Early-Stage Continental Rift: Constraints From P Wave Anisotropic Tomography, Youqiang Yu, Stephen S. Gao, Dapeng Zhao, Kelly H. Liu

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To explore 3-D seismic velocity and radial anisotropy structures of the upper mantle and mantle transition zone beneath the Malawi and Luangwa rift zones of the East African Rift System, we conduct the first study of P wave anisotropic tomography using data recorded at 75 seismic stations including 34 stations that we installed along two profiles as part of the Seismic Arrays for African Rift Initiation experiment. Both rift zones are revealed to have normal or slightly low velocity anomalies in the lithosphere and upper asthenosphere. The surrounding cratonic lithosphere is characterized by high-velocity anomalies with amplitudes ranging from +1.0% …

Effect Of Subsurface Microseismicity On The Motion Of Surrounding Dispersed Droplets: Supporting Information, Chao Zeng, Wen Deng

Research Data

The human-induced seismicity has called substantial attention in recent years. The effect of seismicity on the subsurface structure has been extensively studied. However, the effect of seismicity, especially those microseismicity, on surrounding immiscible fluids is rarely investigated. In porous media with two or more immiscible fluids, different amplitudes of vibration induced by seismicity have distinct effects on the dynamic behavior of fluids. Three types of pore-scale models are prevalent in the analysis of the motion of immiscible droplets. The underlying assumptions and accuracy of these models are compared in this study in both frequency domain and time domain. The frequency …

Effect Of Subsurface Microseismicity On The Motion Of Surrounding Dispersed Droplets -- Data, Chao Zeng, Wen Deng

Effect of Subsurface Microseismicity on the Motion of Surrounding Dispersed Droplets – Data

Spreadsheet - Data plotted in Figure 4 and Figure 5

Supporting information

A Granger Causality Analysis Of Groundwater Patterns Over A Half-Century, Nitin K. Singh, David M. Borrok

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Groundwater depletion in many areas of the world has been broadly attributed to irrigation. However, more formal, data-driven, causal mechanisms of long-term groundwater patterns have not been assessed. Here, we conducted the first Granger causality analysis to identify the "causes" of groundwater patterns using the rice-producing parishes of Louisiana, USA, as an example. Trend analysis showed a decline of up to 6 m in groundwater level over 51 years. We found that no single cause explained groundwater patterns for all parishes. Causal linkages were noted between groundwater and area harvested, number of irrigation wells, summer precipitation totals, and drought. Bi-directional …