Digital Commons Network^™

The Wall Crumbles: A Look At The Establishment Clause Rosenberger V. Rector & Visitors Of The University Of Virginia, Paul L. Hicks

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Ali, Supplemental Jurisdiction, And The Federal Constitutional Case, C. Douglas Floyd

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Illusion Of Due Process In West Virginia's Property Tax Appeals System: Making The Constitution's Promise A Reality, Michael E. Caryl

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Association, Advocacy, And The First Amendment, Victor Brudney

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

No abstract provided.

Sources Of Rights To Access Public Information, Henry H. Perritt

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

No abstract provided.

The Public Safety Exception To Miranda: Analyzing Subjective Motivation, Marc Schuyler Reiner

Michigan Law Review

This Note argues, however, that the appropriate inquiry under Quarles is whether an actual and reasonable belief in an emergency motivated the interrogating officer. This Note proposes a two-prong test to facilitate this inquiry. The subjective motivation prong evaluates the officer's subjective motivation as revealed by objective factors: the. content of the officer's questions, when he asked them, and when the suspect received Miranda warnings. The objective reasonableness prong looks at the objective circumstances to determine the reasonableness of the officer's belief in an emergency.

Part I demonstrates that the Quarles opinion actually contemplates and requires analysis of the officer's …

The Public Safety Exception To Miranda: Analyzing Subjective Motivation, Marc Schuyler Reiner

Michigan Law Review

This Note argues, however, that the appropriate inquiry under Quarles is whether an actual and reasonable belief in an emergency motivated the interrogating officer. This Note proposes a two-prong test to facilitate this inquiry. The subjective motivation prong evaluates the officer's subjective motivation as revealed by objective factors: the. content of the officer's questions, when he asked them, and when the suspect received Miranda warnings. The objective reasonableness prong looks at the objective circumstances to determine the reasonableness of the officer's belief in an emergency.

Part I demonstrates that the Quarles opinion actually contemplates and requires analysis of the officer's …

The Dormant Commerce Clause And State-Mandated Preference Laws In Public Contracting: Developing A More Substantive Application Of The Market-Participant Exception, Benjamin C. Bair

Michigan Law Review

This Note argues that the current focus on the relationship between states and their local governments as the key determinant of the constitutional validity of state-mandated preference laws is flawed. Instead, a court considering the validity of a state-mandated preference law should uphold such a law only if it distributes the benefits of state expenditures to state residents and does not excessively burden interstate commerce.

A Theory Of Compulsory Process Clause Discovery Rights, Jean Montoya

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Civil Law, Albert Sidney Johnson

Mercer Law Review

During the 1994 survey period, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit experienced a period of consolidation and clarification in constitutional civil law. The application of the clearly established law test in qualified immunity determinations has become more consistent, favoring a fact-specific, circuit-based precedent rather than the more generalized test sometime applied by individual panels.

Several cases with constitutional implications were revisited en banc during the survey period producing a variety of results. In public employment cases and land use cases involving state created property rights, the Eleventh Circuit has retrenched and virtually abandoned any recognition of …

State V. Young And The New Test For Privacy In Washington, Michael M. Suga

Washington Law Review

In State v. Young, the Washington Supreme Court determined that the warrantless use of an infrared thermal detection device on the home of a suspected marijuana grower was a violation of Article I, Section 7 of the Washington State Constitution. This Note argues that the court's test for determining privacy rights under Article I, Section 7 is flawed in form and fails to achieve those goals set forth by the court. It suggests an alternative test for Article I, Section 7 privacy rights as well as a remedial prerequisite standard of proof in cases involving minimally intrusive surveillance techniques.

Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Edward D. Lukemire, John Lynch

Mercer Law Review

This year's survey of Eleventh Circuit criminal cases is primarily a review of those decisions which involve significant constitutional issues. As in recent years, a substantial number of the court's decisions resulted from drug prosecutions. This is due to the increase in federal resources devoted to drug prosecutions and the substantially longer sentences which often result from a federal drug conviction as compared to a state conviction for the same offense. The court also decided a great many cases involving issued interpreting the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Even though these cases do not usually involve constitutional issues, the authors decided to …

Is The Pearson Airport Legislation Unconstitutional?: The Rule Of Law As A Limit On Contract Repudiation By Government, Patrick J. Monahan

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

It has long been assumed that Parliament has unlimited power to enact legislation cancelling valid contracts and denying compensation to any persons affected. This paper challenges that conventional wisdom. The author argues that the principle of the rule of law requires that governments be accountable in the ordinary courts for wrongful actions of government officials. This principle is undermined if government is absolved from any liability for breach of a fairly bargained and valid contract. Thus, legislation purporting to abrogate contracts and deny compensation is invalid, since it violates the implied limits on legislative authority associated with the rule of …

A Practitioner's Guide To Challenging And Defending Legislatively Proposed Constitutional Amendments In Arkansas, Stephen B. Niswanger

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

School Finance Adequacy As Vertical Equity, Julie K. Underwood

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In this Article, Dean Underwood explains that school finance cases can be divided into three waves of reform. The first wave involved efforts to use the Federal Equal Protection Clause to overturn financing systems. Litigants in the second wave turned to state equal protection and due process clauses. Finally, the third wave involved the utilization of education clauses in state constitutions as the predominant litigation vehicle. These three waves embody two primary approaches to school finance litigation. The first approach involves a challenge to the adequacy of a state's funding system under either the state or federal equal protection clause, …

Establishing Education Program Inadequacy: The Alabama Example, Martha I. Morgan, Adam S. Cohen, Helen Hershkoff

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The authors draw on their experience as attorneys for a statewide class of plaintiff school children in the liability phase of ongoing public education reform litigation in Alabama to demonstrate the availability of state and nationally recognized standards concerning educational resources (inputs) and results (outputs) that can serve as evidentiary tools for assessing and for establishing a state public education system's failure to satisfy constitutional mandates of educational adequacy. The Article discusses the usefulness and limitations of using such standards as a starting point in a court's constitutional analysis. It suggests an integrated approach that links input and output standards …

Accelerated Education As A Remedy For High-Poverty Schools, William H. Clune

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

High-poverty schools, and the students who attend them, have historically faced substantial challenges in providing and receiving, adequate education. Despite some relief from the courts, school finance remedies that require the redistribution of monetary aid to low-wealth districts have encountered strong political opposition. In this Article, Professor Clune makes a renewed claim for accelerated education as the primary focus of adequacy litigation in school reform cases. He describes the nation's educational condition, in which there exists a disturbing correlation between poverty and low educational outcomes. He then drafts a vision of a comprehensive, school reform remedy, one that emphasizes institutional …

Achieving Equity And Excellence In Kentucky Education, C. Scott Trimble, Andrew C. Forsaith

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In this Article, Trimble and Forsaith discuss the landmark Kentucky school finance case, Rose v. Council for Better Education, 790 S.W.2d 186 (Ky. 1989), and the school reform efforts it spawned. In Council for Better Education, the Kentucky Supreme Court held that the state had failed its duty under the state constitution to provide all students with an adequate education, which it defined in terms of seven categories of knowledge and skills students should acquire. The State General Assembly responded with the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA), which significantly boosted state funding as well as established an ambitious accountability system …

Oklahoma School Finance Litigation: Shifting From Equity To Adequacy, Mark S. Grossman

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Article traces the history of Oklahoma school finance litigation from the initial challenge based on funding inequity to a recent lawsuit founded on alleged constitutional inadequacies in the state system. Although the legal challenge based on funding inequity was unsuccessful in the courts, the pendency of the suit helped push the state legislature toward some reforms. The threat of a new lawsuit based on alleged inadequacies in the state school system, together with a serious funding shortfall, propelled a comprehensive education reform plan through the state legislature in 1990. The association of local school boards that led the equity …

New Developments In Korean Constitutionalism: Changes And Prospects, Dae-Kyu Yoon

Washington International Law Journal

This Essay examines constitutionalism, or the legal expression of democracy. Explanations of Korea's underdeveloped sense of constitutionalism which are rooted in the culture of Confucianism do not provide an adequate explanation of the post-1948 Korean experience. A better model is provided by contrasting the uses of law by prior authoritarian regimes with current political developments including the rising role of entrepreneurial interests in Korean politics.

The Emerging Pattern Of Church And State In Western Europe: The Italian Model, Silvio Ferrari

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Church-State Situation In Poland After The Collapse Of Communism, Krystyna Daniel

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Freedom Of Religion In The Netherlands, Sophie C. Van Bijsterveld

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Spanish System Of Church And State, Gloria M. Moran

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Zaire: The Positive Role Of Religion In Nation Building, James N. Mackinlay

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Widow's Might: Nakaya V. Japan And Japan's Current State Of Religious Freedom, Eric N. Weeks

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Evolution Of The Capital Punishment Jurisprudence Of The United States Supreme Court And The Impact Of Tuilaepa V. California On That Evolution, David Hesseltine

San Diego Law Review

This Comment discusses the evolution of the death penalty statute in Supreme Court decisions and the emergence of guided discretion statutes, in which the sentencing authority’s discretion to impose the death penalty is guided by aggravating and mitigating factors. The Comment analyzes the constitutional requirements placed upon the process used to sentence a defendant to death. The Author then analyzes the impact of Tuilaepa v. California on these requirements.

Religious Liberty And The Ukrainian State: Nationalism Versus Equal Protection, Howard L. Biddulph

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Constitution And Sikhs In Britain, Satvinder S. Juss

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Is The Lutheran Church Still The State Church? An Analysis Of Church-State Relations In Finland, Elizabeth Christensen

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.