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International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
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A Case History Of Bridge Performance During Earthquakes In Japan, T. Iwasaki
A Case History Of Bridge Performance During Earthquakes In Japan, T. Iwasaki
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes the results of investigations on seismic damages to highway bridges due to the past major earthquakes occurred in Japan, with emphasis on gen. technical engineering aspects. More than three thousand highway bridges sustained seismic damages for these sixty years since 1923. Among them some thirty bridges completely fell down, including nine bridges failed due to the effects of fires. For some typical bridge damages, results of detailed analyses are also given in order to clarify the causes of the> damages. From the review of comprehensive studies on actual bridge damages, this paper makes several conclusions regarding seismic …
A Case History Of Chemical Attack Of A Clay Shale, G. H. Glos, D. Hinkle
A Case History Of Chemical Attack Of A Clay Shale, G. H. Glos, D. Hinkle
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes the results of an extensive investigation made to determine the cause of excessive settlements of two 800 MN steam turbine units located at the Four Corners Steam Electric Station near Farmington, New Mexico. The units are located on a clay-shale formation with numerous gypsum seams. The settlement was originally attributed to the solutioning of these gypsum seams. It was found that the construction of a large unlined cooling pond raised the ground water table in the vicinity of the power plant. In this saturated environment, a chemical attack of the existing clay shales began. It is believed …
Design And Construction Of A Railway Yard, Embankment And Foundations Under Difficult Groundwater Conditions, Hari D. Sharma, S. Sengupta, Glen Harron
Design And Construction Of A Railway Yard, Embankment And Foundations Under Difficult Groundwater Conditions, Hari D. Sharma, S. Sengupta, Glen Harron
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes four design and construction cases that were identified, investigated and solved at the site of a major industrial project located in Central Alberta, Canada. These consisted of cases where: (i) high artesian water pressures were encountered in a stratum that was planned to be excavated during cut and fill operations for a railway yard area, (ii) an embankment was to be built over an area that became waterlogged due to over excavation, (iii) a year round drainage system was to be provided below a railway embankment where an icing (pingo shaped) problem was encountered in winter, and …
In Situ Stabilization Of Two Industrial Sites By Dynamic Compaction, John F. O'Brien, Charles P. Gupton
In Situ Stabilization Of Two Industrial Sites By Dynamic Compaction, John F. O'Brien, Charles P. Gupton
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The authors directed selection and control of two large-scale dynamic compaction projects on largely cohesionless soils in Bangladesh and Spain. Both projects included intensive in-situ quality control testing. The findings of the control work is discussed. Based on this work and comparison with published data guidelines for estimating the effectiveness of dynamic compaction are presented.
India's First Venture Relating To Subsurface Drainage By Horizontal Drains, T. K. Natarajan, A. V. S. R. Murty, Deep Chandra
India's First Venture Relating To Subsurface Drainage By Horizontal Drains, T. K. Natarajan, A. V. S. R. Murty, Deep Chandra
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Landslides in the Nilgiris district in 1978-79 1 caused heavy damages to property and human life. The field studies indicated that in certain spots, the build up of excess hydrostatic pressure, caused by direct and indirect ingress of water into the soil mantle, is the main cause for certain landslides in the region. The paper attempts to give the total case history relating to a pioneering venture of its kind towards the correction of landslides undertaken in India. The case history assumes special significance in as much as the horizontal drains successfully installed for the first time in this country, …
Movements Around Transit Tunnels In Mixed Ground, L. Edgers, D. E. Thompson, J. S. Mooney, L. W. Young Jr.
Movements Around Transit Tunnels In Mixed Ground, L. Edgers, D. E. Thompson, J. S. Mooney, L. W. Young Jr.
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes the ground movements measured at a Test Section during construction of twin rapid transit tunnels in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Test Section was located in an area of rock, soft ground and mixed face tunneling, with the alignment of the twin tunnels approximately 100 feet below ground surface. Overburden soils consist primarily of a very dense, saturated glacial till containing cobbles and boulders, with a weakly metamorphosed, fractured shale bedrock below. Instrumentation at the Test Section was installed in three cross-sections: one with the tunnel headings entirely in rock, a second with the tunnel headings in soft ground, …
Pretreatment Of A Soft Soil By Surcharging - A Case History, D. Lakner, I. K. Lee, E. Armstrong, O. G. Ingles
Pretreatment Of A Soft Soil By Surcharging - A Case History, D. Lakner, I. K. Lee, E. Armstrong, O. G. Ingles
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A normally consolidated silty clay deposit, varying in depth from 0 to 15 m, was pretreated by surcharging combined with P.V.C. vertical drains. Representative field values of the vertical coefficients of primary (0.0015 m2/kN) and secondary consolidation (0.01) were calculated from the settlements caused by a preliminary fill placed some six years prior to the detailed geotechnical studies. A conservative representative field value of the horizontal coefficient of primary consolidation was established to be 8 m2/year. Asaoka's method was used to predict future settlements due to both primary and secondary consolidation. The vertical drains were installed …
Stabilization Of The Outenberg Hill In Geraardsbergen, R. De Paepe, M. Wallays
Stabilization Of The Outenberg Hill In Geraardsbergen, R. De Paepe, M. Wallays
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A road, winding across the "Oudenberg" hill at Geraardsbergen, Belgium, and built partly in embankment and in excavation, suffered from three landslides from 1937 to 1966. Bored piles were used to nail the surface layers to the stable substratum, subsurface drainage to limit the fluctuations of the water table and a 220 m long low viaduct founded directly on bored piles to re-establish the traffic. Since the end of the works no additional movement appeared.
Use Of Surcharges As Treatment Of Residual Soil Foundation - A Case History, L. G. F. S. Demello, M. Cepollina, F. J. P. Deoliveira
Use Of Surcharges As Treatment Of Residual Soil Foundation - A Case History, L. G. F. S. Demello, M. Cepollina, F. J. P. Deoliveira
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Predetermined locations for storage of leaching materials needed total warranty against cracking as result of differential settlements. Two stockpiles had to be located on a platform, one placed in area of low height cuts of unsaturated residual soils, the other over fills placed without compaction criteria over saturated clayey soils of low consistency. It was decided to preload the platform in order to minimize future absolute and differential settlements, reducing them to allowable limits. The systematic interpretation of the instrumentation allowed the optimization of the treatment. The behaviour during unloading of the soils indicated heaves much smaller than the limits …
Preface And Contents - Vol. 4, Multiple Authors
Preface And Contents - Vol. 4, Multiple Authors
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Snapshots Of Conference, Multiple Participants
Snapshots Of Conference, Multiple Participants
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Adjustable Columns Control Settlement Of Structure, F. B. Newman, A. M. Digioia Jr.
Adjustable Columns Control Settlement Of Structure, F. B. Newman, A. M. Digioia Jr.
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A five-story precast concrete building was to be built on 10 to 130 feet of mixed cohesive and bouldery engineered fill. The initial estimates of total and differential settlement of shallow foundations for the structure were considered intolerable. After evaluating several options, it was concluded that providing a means of adjusting the building columns to "relevel" the structure as the foundations settled was the most cost-effective approach to the problem. The observed settlements were different than originally estimated, and some unanticipated settlement and adjustment problems did occur. However, the approach was successful and cost effective.
Embankment On Vertical Drains - Pore Pressures During Construction, M. Jamiolkowski, R. Lancellotta
Embankment On Vertical Drains - Pore Pressures During Construction, M. Jamiolkowski, R. Lancellotta
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Excess pore pressures and consolidation settlements observed during the construction of a trial embankment placed on four different types of vertical drains are examined with the aim of evaluating: undrained pore pressure response, field coefficient of consolidation and drain performance.
Evaluation Of A Differentially Settled Tank, S. M. Gazioglu, J. L. Withiam
Evaluation Of A Differentially Settled Tank, S. M. Gazioglu, J. L. Withiam
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper discusses studies undertaken to identify the cause(s) for differential settlements experienced by a large floating roof tank. The studies included an evaluation of existing subsurface and tank performance data, additional subsurface exploration and laboratory test programs, a monitoring program during the restricted use of the tank and recommended remedial measures to allow full use of the tank. It is concluded that the affected portion of the tank was sited over a thicker and more compressible soil layer than the remaining portions and that releveling by mudjacking would allow unrestricted future use of the tank.
General Report For Theme One - Foundations For Structures And Failure Records, Robert C. Kirby, Guilaine Roussel
General Report For Theme One - Foundations For Structures And Failure Records, Robert C. Kirby, Guilaine Roussel
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Geotechnical Problems And Performance Studies - Chilla Power Scheme, Hardwar, D. N. Bhargava, Dwarka Nath, S. N. Kapoor, Sunde Singh
Geotechnical Problems And Performance Studies - Chilla Power Scheme, Hardwar, D. N. Bhargava, Dwarka Nath, S. N. Kapoor, Sunde Singh
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Thin plastic clay seams existing in the upper Shivalik formations caused hazardous geotechnical problems during the construction of 144 MW capacity Chilla Power House Scheme, Hardwar, India by initiating several land slides. In addition, serious seepage problems occurred with the commissioning of the scheme. The paper describes in detail, the events of slides & seepage problems faced and the remedial measures adopted to counteract them. The data observed on the instruments installed to keep a vigil on the performance of the structure has also been analysed and discussed.
Non-Negative Skin Friction Piles In Layered Soil, S. L. Lee, G. P. Karunaratne, S. Sithichaikasem
Non-Negative Skin Friction Piles In Layered Soil, S. L. Lee, G. P. Karunaratne, S. Sithichaikasem
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A project in which a special type of steel pipe piles which reduce negative skin friction is described. The piles are driven in a layered soil which is subjected to subsidence due to pumping. The design concept in assessing the pile length, carrying capacity, settlement, construction control and load tests under these special conditions are discussed.
Tower Foundations Bearing Above Weak Soils, T. J. Kaderabek, D. Barreiro, M. A. Call
Tower Foundations Bearing Above Weak Soils, T. J. Kaderabek, D. Barreiro, M. A. Call
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A 13-level reinforced concrete structure was constructed on Marco Island in southwest Florida. The tower is located 200 feet from the Gulf of Mexico and has plan area dimensions of 115 by 170 feet. The field testing revealed the site was mantled with a 17-foot thick layer of firm sand. The sand stratum was underlain by a compressible 9-foot thick layer of silty sand which had an average SPT N-value of less than 2. Various methods of engineering analyses estimated total tower settlements to range from 1 to 8 inches. Actual measured settlement following the application of dead load was …
General Report For Theme Two - Case Histories In Retaining Structures And Failure Records, J. Ronald Salley
General Report For Theme Two - Case Histories In Retaining Structures And Failure Records, J. Ronald Salley
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Monitoring Of A Deep Basement In London, L. A. Wood, A. J. Perrin
Monitoring Of A Deep Basement In London, L. A. Wood, A. J. Perrin
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A deep basement in London Clay has been monitored throughout the entire duration of its excavation and construction, covering a period to date of over two and a half years. Measurements have provided a complete record of all aspects of the soil and structural behaviour. The high quality and regularity of the data, have enabled integration of diverse measurements which serve to identify important events in the history of the structure. The paper describes briefly the excavation and construction procedure, the measurements made. together with the installation methods employed. A selection of data covering a broad range of measurements is …
Behavior Of Braced Cut In Connection With Construction Of Large Underground Station, S. Uchida, H. Ito, T. Kaino, H. Tarumi
Behavior Of Braced Cut In Connection With Construction Of Large Underground Station, S. Uchida, H. Ito, T. Kaino, H. Tarumi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Ueno underground station of the Shinkansen is a large scale underground station constructed in relatively stable diluvial layers. The construction was conducted with elaborated comparative designing, and with carefully controlled measurements referring estimated values, because data about design and construction of this kind of large underground station are rare. Primary estimations are qualitatively in good agreement with actual measured values, while quantitatively they do not agree well with the actual values. But the accuracy of the method of estimation will be increased in the future when more data about earth pressure of stable grounds are accumulated. Behavior of a diaphragm …
Earth Pressure On Retaining Walls And Buried Pipe, M. Fukuoka, Y. Imamura
Earth Pressure On Retaining Walls And Buried Pipe, M. Fukuoka, Y. Imamura
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes the results of earth pressure measurements buried pipes. Conventional earth pressure gauges fixed on the walls were type earth pressure gauges which covers the whole wall surface were used components of the resultant earth pressures were measured.
Clay Shale Foundation Slide At Waco Dam, Texas, W. R. Stroman, R. R. W. Beene, A. M. Hull
Clay Shale Foundation Slide At Waco Dam, Texas, W. R. Stroman, R. R. W. Beene, A. M. Hull
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A major slide occurred during construction of the dam in 1961. It was caused by a combination of unusually high pore pressures in the clay shale foundation and a low residual shear strength. The dam was completed with wide berms to provide stability. Since completion there has been a very slow decrease in foundation pore pressure.
Failure Of A Dredged Slope In A Sensitive Clay, D. P. Lagatta, S. L. Whiteside
Failure Of A Dredged Slope In A Sensitive Clay, D. P. Lagatta, S. L. Whiteside
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
During construction of a new wharf facility in Portland, Maine, an underwater slope failed during dredging and subsequent driving of piles through the slope. The construction and failure of the slope are described. The major factors which contributed to the failure were: 1) high sensitivity of the silty clay, 2) placement of riprap on the crest of the slope to 4 to 6 ft above the design elevation, 3) method of dredging which caused high shear stresses and probable disturbed zones near the toe of the slope, 4) dredging slope steeper than design slope, 5) pile driving causing localized disturbed …
Lessons From Embankment Dam Accidents. An Introduction, V. Perlea
Lessons From Embankment Dam Accidents. An Introduction, V. Perlea
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
More than 500 records of embankment dam failures and accidents all over the world, were collected and statistically processed from many points of view. The causes of troubles were classified using a comprehensive scheme. It was found that overtopping is the main cause of failures and of causalities also. Most of troubles affected small earth darns. More than 50% failures and accidents occurred during construction or in the first two years of operation. The study is completed with an Appendix containing data on all considered events, this giving the possibility to check up, to correct the possible errors and to …
Long Term Failure In Compacted Clay Slopes, A. E. Templeton, G. L. Sills, L. A. Cooley
Long Term Failure In Compacted Clay Slopes, A. E. Templeton, G. L. Sills, L. A. Cooley
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The results of field, laboratory, and analytical investigations of recurring slope failures along the Mississippi River Levee are presented. Observations from slide trenching operations are described. Laboratory measured shear strengths are compared to effective strengths at failure "back-calculated" for two slides. Factors influencing the long term behavior of the levee materials and the mechanism of failure are discussed.
Sealing Leakage Of Earth Dam By Concrete Diaphragm, Shen Chonggang, Jiang Guocheng
Sealing Leakage Of Earth Dam By Concrete Diaphragm, Shen Chonggang, Jiang Guocheng
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Some seriously cracked and leaked earth dams in China have been successfully strengthened by the cast-in-situ concrete diaphragm at or near the dam axis through the dam embankment. The diaphragm is enabled to seal the leakage through concentrated seepage path in the earthfill resulted from the large voids or the cracks in cohesive earthfill as well as the leakage through the alluvium in dam foundation. The effectiveness of this strengthening method depends on the correct determination of the major seepage channels. Serious longitudinal cracks have occurred in some dams during excavating the slurry trenches and pouring concrete into them owing …
Stability Of Slopes - A Case History, G. Ramasamy, Gopal Ranjan, Bhawani Singh, A. C. Khazanchi, U. N. Sinha
Stability Of Slopes - A Case History, G. Ramasamy, Gopal Ranjan, Bhawani Singh, A. C. Khazanchi, U. N. Sinha
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A Lecture cum-cinema hall was constructed on a terrace developed at the top of a hillock at a site located in the north-eastern part of India. At the time of development of the site, excavated soil was dumped on the slopes and retaining walls were constructed to retain the earth. After the first monsoon, the retaining walls gave way. Further distress in the vicinity of the building was noticed in the subsequent three years. The paper describes the details of the above failure, the investigations carried out and the remedial measures suggested.
The Failure Of A Soil Blanket Lining Caused By The Action Of Bacteria, G. W. Plant, P. B.B. Voslo
The Failure Of A Soil Blanket Lining Caused By The Action Of Bacteria, G. W. Plant, P. B.B. Voslo
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A raw water storage reservoir was constructed with earth embankments and a soil blanket floor lining. Treated sewage effluent was used as construction water. Bacteria in the soil were capable of converting the organic nitrogen and ammonia present in the effluent to nitrite and then to nitrate under aerobic conditions. This nitrate was reduced to nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions. The generation of gas had a "leavening" effect on the soil structure of the floor lining leading to a high water permeability, thus making the soil lining ineffective.