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Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
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Articles 91 - 108 of 108
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The Relationship Between Pre-Filter Chlorine Addition And Enhanced Disinfection Byproduct Formation, Melissa Brown
The Relationship Between Pre-Filter Chlorine Addition And Enhanced Disinfection Byproduct Formation, Melissa Brown
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
In this work, the issue of how pre-filter chlorination of drinking water causes an increase in disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation is examined. Chlorination and granular media filtration are two widely used practices in drinking water treatment. It is also common to apply chlorine ahead of the filters. However, this has been shown to elevate disinfection byproducts (DBP) levels. Experiments were performed at full- and bench-scale using filter influent and effluent from working filters and several anthracite/sand filter columns operated in parallel. The filter influent for the bench-scale experiments was clarified water from the Warner Water Treatment Plant operated by the …
Performance Evaluation Of Appropriate In-Home Drinking Water Treatment Options For Developing Countries, Bree Carlson
Performance Evaluation Of Appropriate In-Home Drinking Water Treatment Options For Developing Countries, Bree Carlson
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Globally, over one billion people do not have access to safe drinking water. The majority of these people live in developing nations, where large-scale drinking water treatment projects may not provide a viable solution because of a lack of skilled laborers, consistent and reliable electricity, materials, sufficient economic capital, and/or fuel sources. Appropriate non-conventional drinking water treatment technologies may provide a solution to these problems, particularly if such technologies are composed of materials readily accessible to the population. Three treatment technologies whose materials are easily acquired throughout the developed and developing world are sari filtration, solar disinfection, and citrus fruit …
Application Of Microbial Source Tracking To Separate Microbial Sources To A Tributary Of The Wachusett Reservoir, Michael N. Tache
Application Of Microbial Source Tracking To Separate Microbial Sources To A Tributary Of The Wachusett Reservoir, Michael N. Tache
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Surface waters used as sources of drinking water can be at risk for pathogen contamination from non-point source pollution. Non-point source pollution is a problem because it can be difficult to detect and quantify. Source water protection is a tool to protect public health by maintaining and improving source water quality. The Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR), which aims to improve the control of Cryptosporidium, recognizes watershed protection programs as part of both Cryptosporidium and virus removal requirements. Microbial source tracking (MST) is a tool that is currently being developed to aid in source water protection. …
The Suitability Of Coliphage As An Indicator Of Potential Fecal Contamination In Groundwater Systems, Keith G. Dewar
The Suitability Of Coliphage As An Indicator Of Potential Fecal Contamination In Groundwater Systems, Keith G. Dewar
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Over the years aquifers have been considered a clean source of drinking water as the soil acts as a natural filter. It.has been realized that groundwater used as a source of drinking water can be subject to fecal contamination through a number of various sources. With almost half of the United States national domestic water supply originatng from groundwater, a system of monitoring for contamination should be implemented to ensure public health and safety. Monitoring water to assess its microbial safety has long relied on the detection of indicator microorganisms, total and fecal coliforms in particular. Coliform bacteria has exhibited …
Natural Organic Matter: A Study Of Long-Term Variability And Anthropogenic Influence, Gregory D. Devine
Natural Organic Matter: A Study Of Long-Term Variability And Anthropogenic Influence, Gregory D. Devine
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Disinfection byproducts may be carcinogenic compounds and are present within most drinking water supply systems. These hannful compounds result from an mteraction between natural organic matter and conventional disinfectants such as chlorine or chlorine-based solutions. The level of disinfection byproducts within a distribution system is controlled by federal and state regulations; pending federal regulations propose increasingly stringent allowable levels of disinfection byproducts. The goals of this investigation were to 1) identify long-term variability associated with natural organic matter across the country, 2) develop empirical relationships between anthropogenic activity, land use/land cover and natural organic matter and 3) construct a mechanistic …
Deicer Source Hindcasting In An Unconfined Roadside Aquifer, Ivonne Hall
Deicer Source Hindcasting In An Unconfined Roadside Aquifer, Ivonne Hall
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Deicing materials that include calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), road salt, and premix are applied over a 1.2 mile section of the highway on State Route 25 (SR25) in Plymouth, Massachusetts. This part of the highway was designed to route runoff to an infiltration basin. The main goal of this research was to evaluate when and where deicer contamination infiltrated to the groundwater table at the site, with a focus on the infiltration basin. This project evaluated the steady-state hydraulics of the site, as well as the fate and transport of the deicing materials. There are many sources of data available …
Characterization Of Storm Events Using An Automated Sampler, Shem Styger
Characterization Of Storm Events Using An Automated Sampler, Shem Styger
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
The goal of this research was to evaluate the use of an automated sampler in profiling concentrations of deicing agents in stonnmnoff at a research site in Plymouth, MA. The Massachusetts Highway Department applies a combination of deicing agents in the form of salt, premix and calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) to an 830 m long stretch of State Route 25 during the months of November to April when driving conditions are hazardous. Portions of the applied deicing agents applied are left behind in a depression storage layer which was found to be 2.67 mm. The depression storage layer govems the …
Nonlinear Response Of Head Dependent Boundary Conditions In Modflow, Aparna S. Vemuri
Nonlinear Response Of Head Dependent Boundary Conditions In Modflow, Aparna S. Vemuri
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of natural resources to the benefit of man. - Ralph J. Smith Groundwater mining reduces water levels in the subsurface and is found to have grave consequences like natural aquifer depletion. Groundwater management models that couple simulation models with optimization models have been used in the management of groundwater resources. The effect of head dependent boundary conditions on the head response due to pumping stresses is studied along with its impact on management strategies. Hypothetical aquifer models have been set up using MODFLOW 2000 and groundwater management (GWM) …
Water Distribution Analysis And Modeling For Stamford, Connecticut, Robert W. Best
Water Distribution Analysis And Modeling For Stamford, Connecticut, Robert W. Best
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
The Aquarion Water Company (AWe) has funded several research studies. Performed by graduate students at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, including this research on the Stamford, Connecticut water distribution system (WDS). Some of the recent research has been performed in response to the proposed Stage II Disinfectants/Disinfection By-Product (DBP) Rule (S2DDBPR) (US EPA, 2003). Due to the new requirements that fall under the pmposed S2DDBPR, an initial distribution system evaluation (IDSE) on the Stamford WDS is required to locate potential monitoring sites for compliance with DSP regulations. Between July 2002 and August 2003, three field study events (summer 2002, …
Modeling Natural, Organic Matter In An Unfiltered Surface Water Supply, Daniel R. Buttrick
Modeling Natural, Organic Matter In An Unfiltered Surface Water Supply, Daniel R. Buttrick
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Wachusett Reservoir, located in central Massachusetts, supplies water to the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. The reservoir receives water from a watershed of 117 square miles, as well as water transferred from the Quabbin Reservoir to the west. Quabbin Reservoir water generally has lower levels of most water quality constituents than water received from the Wachusett Reservoir watershed. The Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) manages the watershed and monitors tributary and in-reservoir water quality, while the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) is responsible for treatment and distribution. CE QUAL W2 is a two dimensional, laterally averaged water quantity and …
Investigation Of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors In The Wachusett Reservoir Watershed, Darleen P. Bryan
Investigation Of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors In The Wachusett Reservoir Watershed, Darleen P. Bryan
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
The disinfection of drinking water with chlorine was implemented as early as 1908 in an effort to inactivate water borne pathogens. However, chlorine reacts with naturally occurring organic' matter in water to form a host of chlorination byproducts. The possible detrimental health effects from exposure to these byproducts lead to the development offederal regulations for disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. Most recently, standards were reduced to 80 ug/L for trihalomethanes, and 60 ug/L for haloacetic acids. The drinking water supplied by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) has approached and sometimes exceeded the concern level at a few locations …
Simulation Of Evapotranspiration And Rainfall-Runoff For The Stillwater River Watershed In Central Massachusetts, Kavitha M. Ambikadevi
Simulation Of Evapotranspiration And Rainfall-Runoff For The Stillwater River Watershed In Central Massachusetts, Kavitha M. Ambikadevi
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Preliminary studies were conducted on the application of the TOPMODEL to the 3.1.6 me Stillwater River watershed in the Wachusett reservoir basin. TOPMODEL is a physically based - semi distributed hydrological model, which simulates rainfall runoff at a daily or sub-daily time steps. TOPMODEL, version 95.02 was used for the modeling studies. This version of TOPMODEL assumes an exponential transmissivity function for the soil and a first order hyperbolic recession curve for the baseflow. TOPMODEL estimates runoff as the sum of base flow, inflltration "excess overland flow and saturation excess overland flow. Inflltration excess overland flow is modeled using the …
An Overview Of Microbial Source Tracking, Kyung Han
An Overview Of Microbial Source Tracking, Kyung Han
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Maintaining and improving water quality for drinking, human recreation, and agriculture are imperative to protect public health. Watershed-based approaches for protecting source water have become an important tool in the management of water resources in the United States. Microbial source tracking (MST) methods that identifY the source of pollution have been suggested as one of the tools for source water protection and watershed management. MST methods are mainly categorized by scientific approach and include host-specific indicator methods, phenotypic methods, molecular-based methods, and chemical indicator methods. The objective of this research was to evaluate the state of MST tool development and …
Assessment Of Water Age And Quality In The Stamford, Connecticut Water Distribution System, George Kansas
Assessment Of Water Age And Quality In The Stamford, Connecticut Water Distribution System, George Kansas
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
Disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrations in drinking water distribution systems are of concern due to potential health effects. Due to the US EPA Stage 2 DisinfectantlDisinfection By-Product (DIDBP) Rule, proposed in 2003, water utilities are investigating the effects of distribution systems on water quality. Under the Stage 2 DIDBP Rule, there will be a change from use of a system-wide running annual average (RAA) to the use of locational running annual averages (LRAA) for compliance with DBP maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). The Aquarion Water Company of Connecticut (A WC) funded research into improved understanding of water quality. In the Stamford, CT …
Bench-Scale Evaluations Of Nanofiltration And Gac For Natural Organic Matter Removal, Amy B. Lane
Bench-Scale Evaluations Of Nanofiltration And Gac For Natural Organic Matter Removal, Amy B. Lane
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
The Trap Falls Water Treatment Plant (TFWTP) is a 25 million gallons per day (MGD) conventional drinking water treatment facility in Shelton, CT. Bench-scale experiments were performed to evaluate a potential advanced treatment upgrade of post-filtration water at the TFWTP, prior to chlorination and distribution. Two advanced treatment options were evaluated, granular activated carbon (GAC) and membrane filtration. The goal of advanced treatment was to remove natural organic matter (NOM), which would lead to a decrease in disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. DBPs are formed when NOM is oxidized by chlorine, which is used by TFWTP for primary disinfection and to …
Pilot Scale Investigation Of Dissolved Air Flotation Performance For Drinking Water Treatment: An Evalutation Of Process Parameters, Paul D. Schmidt
Pilot Scale Investigation Of Dissolved Air Flotation Performance For Drinking Water Treatment: An Evalutation Of Process Parameters, Paul D. Schmidt
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
The West River Treatment Plant (WRTP) is a 10.2 million gallon per day inline direct filtration plant. Pilot scale studies have been performed at the WRTP since 1989 to evaluate treatment alternatives to meet changing regulations and to explore a possible plant expansion. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) was evaluated during 1992 in a pilot train consisting of ozonation (either pre- or intermediate-), two stage flocculation, flotation, and filtration. The DAF train was studied as a method of plant expansion whereby solids removal by DAF would allow for increased hydraulic loading rates to the filters. The effects of several DAF train …
Preozonation And In-Line Direct Filtration: Impacts On The Bacterial Regrowth Potential, Rebecca L. Mcenroe
Preozonation And In-Line Direct Filtration: Impacts On The Bacterial Regrowth Potential, Rebecca L. Mcenroe
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Ozone And Peroxide On In-Line Filtration: Filter Performance And Manganese Removal, Nagaraju K. Vinod
The Effects Of Ozone And Peroxide On In-Line Filtration: Filter Performance And Manganese Removal, Nagaraju K. Vinod
Environmental & Water Resources Engineering Masters Projects
The University of Massachusetts, Amherst and the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority have been conducting pilot studies at the West River Treatment Plant CWRTP) since 1989 to investigate the use of ozone and peroxone in in-line fIltration. Many studies in the past, both pilot and full-scale, have shown improved perfonnance on inclusion of pre-ozonation in to the treatment scheme. Peroxone has been found to be more effective than ozone in oxidizing taste and odor compounds. This study investigated the effects of the use of ozone and peroxone on fIlter perfonnance, and particle and manganese removals. Pilot run experiments were …