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There Is No Bournville In Africa: Chocolate Capitalist, African Cocoa Workers, And International Labor Relationships From The 19th Century To The Present, Ryan Minor Sep 2020

There Is No Bournville In Africa: Chocolate Capitalist, African Cocoa Workers, And International Labor Relationships From The 19th Century To The Present, Ryan Minor

History in the Making

The issue of labor exploitation and the impact of neocolonialism, have in recent years, become extremely important as our global community continues to shrink. This paper focuses on the relationships between European chocolate manufactures and West African cocoa laborers from the 1870’s to the present day as a means of discussing the complex connections that have developed between industrial capitalism and labor in Africa. This study will address two key questions: One, if labor exploitation is necessary for industrial capitalists to maintain the high levels of profit they desire; and two, if the exploitation of labor becomes increasingly easier the …


Coping With An Impossible Reality: The Jewish Sonderkommando Of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Jennifer Weed Sep 2020

Coping With An Impossible Reality: The Jewish Sonderkommando Of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Jennifer Weed

History in the Making

Despite the vast amount of western scholarly work on the Holocaust, there are issues that remain under-analyzed which would help nuance our understanding of this historical event. One of these issues is the experiences of groups who challenge our conceptual frameworks and present opportunities for developing different analytical methods. The testimonies of the Jewish Sonderkommando, or forced crematorium workers, of Auschwitz- Birkenau present such an opportunity by defying the categories used to describe victims and perpetrators, and by forcing us to reconsider how humans survive when conditions are extreme and violent. This paper argues that the testimonies of the Sonderkommando …


Visiting Mission San Luis Rey And Remembering The California Native American System San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, Ca., Jonathan Smith Jul 2020

Visiting Mission San Luis Rey And Remembering The California Native American System San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, Ca., Jonathan Smith

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Film Review: Lincoln (2012), Members Of The Csusb History Club Jul 2020

Film Review: Lincoln (2012), Members Of The Csusb History Club

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Zwingli The Reformer: His Life And Work. By Oscar Farner. (Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books: 1968)., Matthew Zemanek Jul 2020

Zwingli The Reformer: His Life And Work. By Oscar Farner. (Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books: 1968)., Matthew Zemanek

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Portobelo, Panama, Tristian Murray Jul 2020

Portobelo, Panama, Tristian Murray

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


A Photographic Exploration Of San Bernardino County’S Transportation Legacy, Michelle D. Garcia-Ortiz Jul 2020

A Photographic Exploration Of San Bernardino County’S Transportation Legacy, Michelle D. Garcia-Ortiz

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


The Deteriorating Treatment Of Slaves In The Palmetto State In The Mid-Nineteenth Century, Samuel Benke Jul 2020

The Deteriorating Treatment Of Slaves In The Palmetto State In The Mid-Nineteenth Century, Samuel Benke

History in the Making

Slavery, in and of itself, is a despicable institution. It degraded the enslaved and inflated the power of the owners to near omnipotent levels. Slavery has been portrayed in two different ways: one, as a fantasy on thinking where slavery was a benevolent institution that taught slaves how to be civil and Christian, while the other takes a more realistic approach exposing the harsh brutalities of slavery and the adverse effects that the institution had on the enslaved. This paper seeks to give the reader a more thorough understanding of slavery as it existed in the antebellum South Carolina and …


Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith Jul 2020

Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith

History in the Making

There is limited information on the life of the nineteenth century female slave with most details compiled from the narratives of well-known women such as Sojourner Truth. Professor Erlene Stetson and other historians argue that scholars treat slavery as a male phenomenon and the female is merely looked upon as a breeder, while noted African-American activist Angela Davis calls for a more accurate portrayal to debunk derogatory myths. This paper addresses the issue of image with the argument that the enslaved African-American woman possessed no image of her own. It focuses on the story of a runaway female slave named …


California And Unfree Labor: Assessing The Intent Of The 1850 “An Act For The Government And Protection Of Indians", Aaron Beitzel Jul 2020

California And Unfree Labor: Assessing The Intent Of The 1850 “An Act For The Government And Protection Of Indians", Aaron Beitzel

History in the Making

Discussions of unfree labor systems in the United States have long been focused on history of institutionalized slavery on the East coast and plantation slavery in the American South. However, recent scholars have challenged the definitions of unfree labor systems based solely on the framework of American slavery in these areas. Forced Indian labor in the territory of Alta California between the late 18th and mid-nineteenth centuries has offered historians a major counter-example of institutionalized unfree labor within the United States. This paper focuses on explaining the social context under which the 1850 "An Act for the Government and Protection …


Shared Spaces, Separate Lives: Community Formation In The California Citrus Industry During The Great Depression, David Shanta Jul 2020

Shared Spaces, Separate Lives: Community Formation In The California Citrus Industry During The Great Depression, David Shanta

History in the Making

The California citrus industry was the engine for the economic and cultural development of twentieth century Southern California. Studies have also focused on citrus as specialty crop agriculture. Its labor usage pattern required the economic, social, and political powerlessness of its workers. Growers and workers shared the spaces of the citrus groves and packinghouses, but otherwise led largely separate lives, delineated by class and race. Community formation during the Great Depression is examined from each perspective – dominant Anglo grower society and workers of Mexican descent. Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism provides a …


Black Stand-Up Comedy Of The 1960s, Claudia Mariscal Jul 2020

Black Stand-Up Comedy Of The 1960s, Claudia Mariscal

History in the Making

Vast research can be found on African Americans’ culture and their use of humor to overcome struggles within American society. Much of the research found focuses on the study of African American humor in literature, folk tales, art, and theatre, but little has been done on the study of black stand-up comedy in the 1960s and comics’ use of humor to overcome and combat racism and social struggles during this decade. Different methods of approach are used to gain a broader understanding of the use of humor as a combative tool by black comics in the 1960s. The comedic performances …


A Historiography Of Fascism, Glenn-Iain Steinback Jul 2020

A Historiography Of Fascism, Glenn-Iain Steinback

History in the Making

A long-standing historical debate revolves around the definition, fundamental nature and historical constraints of the concept of fascism. A wide array of scholarly questions about the political and ideological nature of fascism, the minimum or necessary traits of a fascist movement, arguments over the classification of semi-fascist groups and the concept of generic fascism characterize this debate. The result is a substantial body of scholarly research replete with competing theories for the evolution and origin of fascism as a concept, of individual fascist movements and even over the geographic and temporal application of the term itself within history. This paper …


Las 2000: Introduction To Latin American Studies, Teresa Velasquez, Bibiana Diaz, Esteban Cordoba De La Barrera, Michal Kohout, Jose Munoz Jul 2020

Las 2000: Introduction To Latin American Studies, Teresa Velasquez, Bibiana Diaz, Esteban Cordoba De La Barrera, Michal Kohout, Jose Munoz

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy stipends were used to support the formation of a Faculty Learning Community to develop a new course, LAS 2000. Five faculty members from the College of Arts and Letters and the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences collectively designed and produced an fully online, team taught semester course. LAS 2000 is an introductory course to Latin American Studies, a requirement in the LAS Minor Program. The course introduces students to the study of Latin America from various perspectives: Anthropology, Sociology, Geography, Literature, and Theater/Film, with the goal of fostering greater cross-cultural understanding of the region and enhancing …


Review Of The Norton Simon Museum, Megan Kyriss Jul 2020

Review Of The Norton Simon Museum, Megan Kyriss

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


The Untold Hero: A Review Of The Shadow Of Vesuvius And The Sacrifice Of Pliny The Elder, Giovanni Gonzalez Jul 2020

The Untold Hero: A Review Of The Shadow Of Vesuvius And The Sacrifice Of Pliny The Elder, Giovanni Gonzalez

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


A Review Of Xinjiang And The Modern Chinese State, Andres Freeman Jul 2020

A Review Of Xinjiang And The Modern Chinese State, Andres Freeman

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Building Their Own Ghost In The Shell: A Critical Extended Film Review Of American Live-Action Anime Remakes, Sara Haden Jul 2020

Building Their Own Ghost In The Shell: A Critical Extended Film Review Of American Live-Action Anime Remakes, Sara Haden

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


“Oh My”: The Internment Of George Takei In They Called Us Enemy, Giovanni Gonzalez Jul 2020

“Oh My”: The Internment Of George Takei In They Called Us Enemy, Giovanni Gonzalez

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Film Review: Midway, Natassja Martin Jul 2020

Film Review: Midway, Natassja Martin

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


The Great War Through Film: An Aggregated Film Review Of They Shall Not Grow Old, 1917 And Tolkien, Sara Haden, Kenya Ortiz Carrillo Csusb Jul 2020

The Great War Through Film: An Aggregated Film Review Of They Shall Not Grow Old, 1917 And Tolkien, Sara Haden, Kenya Ortiz Carrillo Csusb

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Pandemic Photographic Essay: 1918 Spanish Flu And 2020 Covid-19, Editors Of History In The Making Jul 2020

Pandemic Photographic Essay: 1918 Spanish Flu And 2020 Covid-19, Editors Of History In The Making

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Constructing Privacy: Spatial Structure And Social Status In Amarna’S Central City, James Martin Jul 2020

Constructing Privacy: Spatial Structure And Social Status In Amarna’S Central City, James Martin

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Bhindranwale: How One Controversial Religious Figure Threatened The Unity Of India, Aditya Indla Jul 2020

Bhindranwale: How One Controversial Religious Figure Threatened The Unity Of India, Aditya Indla

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman Jul 2020

Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Kobe Bryant, Benjamin Shultz Jul 2020

Kobe Bryant, Benjamin Shultz

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Toni Morrison, Cindy Ortega Jul 2020

Toni Morrison, Cindy Ortega

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


The Great Political Journalist, Cokie Roberts, George Zaragoza Jul 2020

The Great Political Journalist, Cokie Roberts, George Zaragoza

History in the Making

No abstract provided.


Discovering A Purpose In A Listening Democracy: The People’S Voice In 1930s/40s America, Celeste Nunez Jul 2020

Discovering A Purpose In A Listening Democracy: The People’S Voice In 1930s/40s America, Celeste Nunez

History in the Making

From the 1930s through the mid-1940s, the people of America witnessed two of the most traumatic events in American history, the Great Depression and Second World War. During these two decades, the people turned to radio as their form of “escape” allowing them to forget about the events happening around them. Radio culture in America began to explode with nearly twenty-eight million households owning a radio by the end of 1939. Franklin Delano Roosevelt utilized this technology to reach out to the American people and discuss the events occurring not only around the world but also in their backyards. Franklin …


Propaganda: How Germany Convinced The Masses, Tracey Martin Jul 2020

Propaganda: How Germany Convinced The Masses, Tracey Martin

History in the Making

During the 1930s and 1940s, the National Socialist German Worker’s Party launched a full-scale propaganda campaign in conjunction with their military and political efforts as a means to subdue, indoctrinate, and control the masses of Germany and the European countryside. It is through this utilization of propaganda that Nazi Germany created a political machine that pumped out propagandistic messages frequently enough to sublimate the atrocities of the Holocaust into acceptable responses to the perceived Jewish problem. This usage of propaganda led to a united German identity, founded in a response full of hatred towards the Jewish people. This look into …