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Animal Sciences

1976

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Preheating Ventilating Air With Solar Energy (1976), C K. Spillman, F V. Robbins, B A. Koch Jan 1976

Preheating Ventilating Air With Solar Energy (1976), C K. Spillman, F V. Robbins, B A. Koch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

When animals are confined inside buildings, ventilating air is required to remove moisture and odors. Young animals require relatively warm temperatures and do not produce enough heat to offset that lost through walls and to warm ventilating air. Supplemental heat required by young animals does not need to be high quality, and heating the air a few degrees is adequate for much of the fall, winter, and spring. For example, assume that a 26-sow, farrowing house has a 500 cfm fan. Current recommendations are to run that size fan continuously during the winter. If the ventilating air is heated 30 …

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Flavor Enhancers In Growing-Pig Rations (1976), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1976

Flavor Enhancers In Growing-Pig Rations (1976), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Groups of growing pigs restricted to control feed or feed containing one of 5 commercial flavoring agents or taste enhancers consumed similar amounts of feed and made similar weight gains and similar feed/gain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1976

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Evaluation Of Antibacterial Preparations On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Young Pigs (1976), G L. Allee, B A. Koch, Robert H. Hines Jan 1976

Evaluation Of Antibacterial Preparations On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Young Pigs (1976), G L. Allee, B A. Koch, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six young pigs were used to evaluate various antibacterial preparations on rate and efficiency of gain. Each of the antibacterial preparations increased rate of gain over pigs fed the non-medicated basal diet. There were no significant differences in daily gains of pigs fed ASP-250, CSP-250, Lincomix, Mecadox, or Stafac.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1976

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Effects Of Processing Methods On The Nutritional Value Of Sorghum For Weaned Pigs (1976), G L. Allee Jan 1976

Effects Of Processing Methods On The Nutritional Value Of Sorghum For Weaned Pigs (1976), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred twenty-six weaned, crossbred pigs averaging 14 kg (31 lbs.) initially were used to evaluate the effects of various methods of processing sorghum grain. Processing methods evaluated were: pelleting, extruding, micronizing, high-moisture grain stored in an oxygen limiting structure, and high-moisture grain treated with propionic acid. Except for pelleting, only the grain (sorghum) was exposed to the various processing methods. After being processed, the sorghum was ground and incorporated into a 18% sorghum-soybean meal diet. None of the processing methods increased weight gain of weaned pigs over that by pigs fed the control diet (ground sorghum fed as a …

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Dehydrated Alfalfa To Control Intake Of Self-Fed Sows During Gestation (1976), G L. Allee Jan 1976

Dehydrated Alfalfa To Control Intake Of Self-Fed Sows During Gestation (1976), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials with 47 second-and third-litter sows and one trial involving 40 gilts were conducted to evaluate self-feeding a diet containing 96% dehydrated alfalfa during gestation. Sows were maintained in outside lots (approximately 2 1/2 acres) until the 100 - 110th day of gestation. The control gestation ration (15% protein sorghum-soybean meal) was fed in individual feeding stalls at 2 kg (4.4 lbs.) per head per day. All sows were fed a 16% protein diet ad libitum during the 28-day lactation period. Trial I using Yorkshire sows started in July with sows farrowing in September. Trial II using Duroc sows …

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Effect Of Rumensin On Performance Of Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, L. Corah, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley Jan 1976

Effect Of Rumensin On Performance Of Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, L. Corah, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 136 Hereford heifer calves in two studies to determine the effect on performance of 200 mg monensin (trade name Rumensin) per head daily. It significantly improved gain by 7.5% and 4.6% in trials 1 and 2 respectively, and significantly improved efficiency 11.6% and 12.2%, respectively.

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Synchronizing Estrus In Beef Heifers With Prostaglandin And Syncromate B, R.C. Debenedetti, G.H. Kiracofe, V. Hultine, R.M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1976

Synchronizing Estrus In Beef Heifers With Prostaglandin And Syncromate B, R.C. Debenedetti, G.H. Kiracofe, V. Hultine, R.M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-five of 50 heifers were in estrus 1 to 5 days after 7-day synchronization implants were removed. Prostaglandin was injected one day before implants were removed. Thirty-one of the 45 (68.9%) heifers conceived to first artificial insemination service.

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Inheritance Of Some Reproductive Traits By Young Bulls, J.H. Warren, J. Blum, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe, K. Henry, V. Hultine Jan 1976

Inheritance Of Some Reproductive Traits By Young Bulls, J.H. Warren, J. Blum, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe, K. Henry, V. Hultine

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Severa1 reproductive traits of yearling Polled Hereford bulls were evaluated during and immediately after a 140-day feeding test. Results indicate that concentration of sperm and percentages of live sperm are heritable and genetically independent of each other. Heritability was low for sex drive or libido.

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Effects Of Growth Promoting Implants Gains Of Nursing Calves, L. Corah, K. Kimple, M. Mckee, Jack G. Riley Jan 1976

Effects Of Growth Promoting Implants Gains Of Nursing Calves, L. Corah, K. Kimple, M. Mckee, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Both steer and heifer calves gain significantly (P<.05) faster on summer pasture with growth-promoting implants than calves not implanted. Ralgro, Synovex-S, and Synovex-H were tested, with no significant advantage for one Implant type.

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Feedlot Performance By Month In Kansas, D.R. Ames Jan 1976

Feedlot Performance By Month In Kansas, D.R. Ames

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feedlot data on 202 lots involving approximately 40,000 steers collected for five years were used to characterize feedlot performance each month of the year. Intake, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency were measured. ADG was predicted for mean daily temperature (MDT).

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Wheat, Barley And Corn Silage Rations And Urea For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1976

Wheat, Barley And Corn Silage Rations And Urea For Growing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eight rations were fed to 15 yearling steers (3 pens of 5 steers each). Arthur wheat, Paoli barley and corn silages were supplemented with either soybean meal or urea; Blue Boy II and Eagle wheat silages were supplemented with soybean meal. All steers were full-fed a 12.5% crude protein ration containing 86% silage and 14% supplement. Results of the 84-day trial show steers fed the four corn and barley silage rations gained faster and more efficiently than those fed wheat silages. Steers fed Arthur and Eagle silage rations performed similarly. Those fed Blue Boy II silage made the slowest and …

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Milo Stover And Forage Sorghum Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, L. Corah, C. Grimes, Jack G. Riley Jan 1976

Milo Stover And Forage Sorghum Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, L. Corah, C. Grimes, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six heifer calves were used to compare four silage combinations: (1) 100% milo stover, (2) 67% milo stover and 33% forage sorghum, (3) 33% milo stover and 67% forage sorghum and (4) 100% forage sorghum. Each ration was fed to four pens of six heifers each during the 88-day trial. Heifers fed 100% forage sorghum made the fastest and most efficient gains(P<.05); those fed 100% milo stover, the slowest and least efficient gains (P<.05). Based on gains obtained from these two rations, the 67% milo stover silage ration produced 16% faster gain than predicted; the 33% milo stover ration, a 5% faster gain than predicted.

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Excreta Silage For Maintaining Pregnant Cows And Heifers, M. Mckee, K.L. Conway, G. Fink, K. Kimple, J.D. Hoover, Jack G. Riley Jan 1976

Excreta Silage For Maintaining Pregnant Cows And Heifers, M. Mckee, K.L. Conway, G. Fink, K. Kimple, J.D. Hoover, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Preliminary trials the summer of 1975 tested the value of excreta silage for maintain pregnant cows and heifers. Ingredients in the excreta silage were wheat straw, cattle excreta, corn, and molasses. Eighty mature cows were divided into three lots and received either excreta silage, alfalfa haylage, or ½ excreta silage and ½ alfalfa haylage as sources of roughage for 59 days (July 25 to September 22). Cows receiving excreta silage tended to gain more than cows on haylage or ½ haylage and ½ excreta silage. Twenty-nine, sixteen-month old, pregnant, part Simmental heifers were divided into two lots. One group received …

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Effects On Profits And Risks Of Hedging Hogs In The Futures Market (1976), J H. Mccoy, R V. Price, R E. Solomon Jan 1976

Effects On Profits And Risks Of Hedging Hogs In The Futures Market (1976), J H. Mccoy, R V. Price, R E. Solomon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Erratic hog prices in recent years have compounded management problems. As a result, interest has increased in ways of tying down prices before the hogs are ready for market. This report presents results of a study of one approach to the problem -- hedging in the futures market.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1976

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Comparison Of Feed Consumption Of Pigs In Two Lines (1976), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines Jan 1976

Comparison Of Feed Consumption Of Pigs In Two Lines (1976), J D. Wheat, Donald H. Kropf, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pigs in the control line ate more, grew faster, and were less efficient than those in the select line.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1976

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Relationship Between Body Measurements And Performance Traits In Boars (1976), P B. Conley Iii, T W. Orwig, Robert H. Hines Jan 1976

Relationship Between Body Measurements And Performance Traits In Boars (1976), P B. Conley Iii, T W. Orwig, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fourteen body measurements were taken on 259 boars at 65 lbs. and again at 250 lbs. determine the relationship of external body dimensions with certain performance traits. Correlations between body measurements and growth tended to be extremely low for most factors. Our results do not support using body measurements as v1sual indicators of growth. This study suggests that performance testing is still the best way to predict a particular animal's genetic potential.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1976

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Efficacy Of Feeding Finishing-Pigs To Heavier Weights On Two Protein Sequences (1976), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1976

Efficacy Of Feeding Finishing-Pigs To Heavier Weights On Two Protein Sequences (1976), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-four pigs averaging 75 lbs. were used to evaluate feeding finishing hogs to 230, 260, or 290 lbs. on two protein regimes. Rate of gain declined after the pigs reached 200 lbs. regardless of protein level, which resulted in an increase of approximately 20 to 25 days required for each pen of pigs to average 30 lbs. of gain. Feed costs increased with the increased pounds of feed required per pound of gain for the heavier weights. Pigs fed the lower protein level from 200 lbs. to final weight required more feed per pound of gain, yielded carcasses with slightly …

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Dietary Responses To Processed And Non-Processed Peanuts And Grains By Growing-Finishing Pigs (1976), T F. Balogun, B A. Koch Jan 1976

Dietary Responses To Processed And Non-Processed Peanuts And Grains By Growing-Finishing Pigs (1976), T F. Balogun, B A. Koch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-four crossbred barrows and gilts averaging 92 lbs. were used to evaluate whole shelled peanut as a protein and energy source for pigs. Pigs used whole peanuts and corn less efficiently than ground peanuts and corn. Feed intake and average daily gain were greatly improved when peanuts and corn were fed in ground form. Roasting peanuts for one hour at 120 C improved performance only slightly over raw peanuts. Pigs fed a soybean meal diet had slightly better average daily gain than those fed a lysine-supplemented peanut meal diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1976

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Femur Or Phalange Bones As Indicators Of Dietary Phosphorus Deficiency (1976), J Hsu, G L. Allee, B A. Koch Jan 1976

Femur Or Phalange Bones As Indicators Of Dietary Phosphorus Deficiency (1976), J Hsu, G L. Allee, B A. Koch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fifteen crossbred gilts averaging 115 pounds were fed one of three phosphorus levels 70 days (to 219 pounds average) then their femur and phalange bones were compared. Each group of five gilts had received either 0.40%, 0.50% or 0.60% total dietary phosphorus and 0.65% dietary calcium during the 70-day feeding period. The basal sorghum-soybean meal ration contained 0.30% of plant phosphorus. Specific gravity and X-ray or chemical analysis of femurs showed no significant differences among groups, but the breaking strength of femurs from gilts fed 0.6% phosphorus was significantly higher than that from gilts fed 0.4% phosphorus. Femur and phalange …

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Acid-Treated High-Moisture Sorghum For Swine (1976), G L. Allee, R Nelson Jan 1976

Acid-Treated High-Moisture Sorghum For Swine (1976), G L. Allee, R Nelson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trials involving 166 growing pigs (initial weight 20.5 pounds) and 96 finishing pigs (initial weight 108.7 pounds) were conducted to investigate effects of feeding high-moisture, acid-treated sorghum to swine. Sorghum harvested at 23% moisture was treated with 1.2% propionic acid. Method of processing (whole or ground) and method of feeding (complete or free-choice) were also evaluated. Pigs fed high-moisture, acid-treated sorghum in a complete ration gained at the same rate and just as efficiently as pigs fed the dry, complete ration. Feeding of supplement free-choice tended to reduce daily gain but not feed efficiency. Finishing pigs fed whole, high-moisture, …

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High-Moisture Sorghum For Growing-Finishing Swine (1976), M Trotter, G L. Allee Jan 1976

High-Moisture Sorghum For Growing-Finishing Swine (1976), M Trotter, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-seven crossbred pigs (averaging 95 pounds initially) were used to compare the value of sorghum grain harvested with high-moisture and stored in an oxygen-limiting structure with that harvested with high-moisture and treated with propionic acid (1.2%), and stored in a metal bin, or field dried. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed/gain ratios in a growth trial and protein and energy digestibilities in a digestion trial, showed that high-moisture sorghum grain and field-dried sorghum have equal feeding values when compared on a dry-matter basis.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1976

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Trace Mineral Levels During Gestation Of Sows In Confinement-Effects On Immunoglobin Performance And Health Of Neonatal Pigs (1976), D A. Schoneweis, G L. Allee Jan 1976

Trace Mineral Levels During Gestation Of Sows In Confinement-Effects On Immunoglobin Performance And Health Of Neonatal Pigs (1976), D A. Schoneweis, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared the effects of two levels of trace minerals fed dams during gestation on the hemoglobin, packed cell volume, performance, and health of 31 litters of neonatal pigs. The dams had been on concrete all of their lives. There were no significant differences in the hemoglobin or packed cell volume in pigs due to trace mineral levels fed the dam during gestation. There were no apparent differences in the incidence of neonatal disease or other problems in any of the pigs. These results indicate no benefit from adding excess trace minerals to the ration of sows during gestation, even …

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Flushing Cows, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe, E.F. Smith Jan 1976

Flushing Cows, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Starting to flush cows 95 days before the breeding season began significantly increase conception rate and required less total feed.

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Synchronization Of Estrus In Beef Cows, M. Heekin, G.H. Kiracofe, V. Hultine, R.R. Schalles, R.M. Mckee Jan 1976

Synchronization Of Estrus In Beef Cows, M. Heekin, G.H. Kiracofe, V. Hultine, R.R. Schalles, R.M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 79 cows to evaluate Syncromate B (G.D. Searle, Co.) as an estrus-synchronizing agent. Management of five groups of cows was: (1) nonsynchronized, bred naturally; (2) nonsynchronized, bred artificially; (3) synchronized, bred naturally; (4) synchronized, bred artificially at estrus; and (5) synchronized, bred artificially 60 hours after implant was removed. Conception rates were not affected by artificial breeding or synchronization. However, not all cows synchronized showed estrus. Percentages of cows bred during the first 25 days of the breeding season were 72.2, 71.4, 84.6, 68.7, 83.8 for groups 1 through 5, respectively.

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Energy Levels For Growing And Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley Jan 1976

Energy Levels For Growing And Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four combinations of low (LE), moderate (ME) and high (HE) energy rations were fed to growing and finishing steers. The four treatments were: LE-ME; LE-HE; ME-ME and ME-HE. All steers were more efficient during the growing phase (473 to 750 lbs.) than the finishing phase (750 to 1050 lbs.). During the growing phase, performance of steers fed the ME ration exceeded that of steers fed the LE ration. During the finishing phase, performance of steers fed the HE ration exceeded that of steers fed the ME ration. Steers on the LE-HE treatment required more energy per lb. of gain than …

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Reliability Of U.S.D.A. Beef Carcass Yield Grades In Reflecting Differences In Retail Yields, R.J. Lipsey, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1976

Reliability Of U.S.D.A. Beef Carcass Yield Grades In Reflecting Differences In Retail Yields, R.J. Lipsey, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Retail cut-out and U.S.D.A. yield grade data were obtained on 1,121 carcasses of steers from Hereford and Angus dams mated artificially to Hereford, Angus, Jersey, Limousin, South Devon, Simmental and Charolais bulls. Calves were weaned when approximately 215 days old, conditioned 28 days, fed an average of 218 days after weaning before being slaughtered in a commercial slaughter plant. Carcass cooler data were obtained and the right side of each carcass was cut into closely trimmed, essentially boneless retail cuts at the KSU food service building. Beef yield grades do reflect definite differences in retail yields. Statistical tests indicated less …

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Whey-Reconstituted Milo For Finishing Beef Heifers, K. Bolsen, C. Grimes, R. Mickelson Jan 1976

Whey-Reconstituted Milo For Finishing Beef Heifers, K. Bolsen, C. Grimes, R. Mickelson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three milo treatments were evaluated in finishing rations for heifers: dry-rolled, reconstituted with water, and reconstituted with whey. Reconstituting milo with water or whey did not increase weight gain or efficiency of heifers over that of heifers fed dry-rolled milo. The slowest and least efficient gains were produced by the water-reconstituted milo. Performances were similar for the dry-rolled and whey-reconstituted milo treatments.

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Factors Influencing Net Income From A Steer Through Feedlot, J.K. Blum, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner Jan 1976

Factors Influencing Net Income From A Steer Through Feedlot, J.K. Blum, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steers entering feedlots with higher starting weight per day of age had greater net value a t slaughter than lighter steers. Faster gaining steers brought the highest net income. Age on feed did not influence net income. High dressing percentage increased the net income but generally the relationship was low between carcass traits and net income.

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Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1976

Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred five yearling steers were used to evaluate seven milo treatments: (1) dry, (2) micronized, (3) steam flaked +.2% propionic acid (acid-flake), (4) field harvested high moisture (F-HM) ensiled whole in an 02 -limiting silo, (5) F-HM rolled and ensiled in a concrete stave silo, (6) reconstituted, high moisture (R-HM) ensiled whole in an 02 -limiting silo and (7) R-HM rolled and ensiled in a concrete stave silo; and three roughages: (1) corn silage, (2) equal parts sorghum silage and milo stover silage and (3) milo stover pellets. The complete mixed rations fed during the 92-day trial were 80% …

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The Functional Development Of The Adrenal-Sympathetic Nervous System In Neonatal And Adolescent Swine, Sidney Koon Hung Woo Jan 1976

The Functional Development Of The Adrenal-Sympathetic Nervous System In Neonatal And Adolescent Swine, Sidney Koon Hung Woo

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The development of the animal after birth is marked by complex changes. Certain periods are particularly important and have been defined as "critical periods" (Krecek, 1971). Two processes are important to the survival of the animals during these times. The process of "adaptation" involves the maturation of specific physiological systems according to the needs of the neonatal animal, and is dictated by the external environment. The process of "tolerance" renders the neonate relatively unresponsive to a stressor as compared to the adult and protects the animals from over-responding the depleting vital resources until it is physiologically mature. An example of …

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