Digital Commons Network^™

2022 Census Of Agriculture: Nebraska Highlights, Kathleen Brooks, Bradley Lubben

Cornhusker Economics

In February 2024, the United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service published data from the 2022 Census of Agriculture. This data is collected every five years. The current article highlights a few of the Nebraska numbers. Two significant highlights from the data are the total number of farms and the total value of production. U.S. farm numbers declined modestly in the U.S. from 2.04 million in 2017 to 1.90 million in 2022. The total value of production for U.S. farms and ranches increased substantially from $388.5 billion in 2017 to $543.1 billion in 2022. Crop production accounted for …

Calibration Of Hybrid-Maize Model For Simulation Of Soil Moisture And Yield In Production Corn Fields, Anthony A. Amori, Olufemi P. Abimbola, Trenton E. Franz, Daran Rudnick, Javed Iqbal, Haishun Yang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Model calibration is essential for acceptable model performance and applications. The Hybrid-Maize model, developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, is a process-based crop simulation model that simulates maize growth as a function of crop and field management and environmental conditions. In this study, we calibrated and validated the Hybrid-Maize model using soil moisture and yield data from eight commercial production fields in two years. We used a new method for the calibration and multi-parameter optimization (MPO) based on kriging with modified criteria for selecting the parameter combinations. The soil moisture-related parameter combination (SM-PC3) improved simulations of soil water dynamics, but …

Powdery Mildew Of Bigleaf Hydrangea: Biology, Control, And Breeding Strategies For Resistance, Christina Jennings, Fulya Baysal-Gurel, Lisa W. Alexander

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Hydrangea macrophylla, commonly known as bigleaf, garden, French, or florist hydrangea, is the most economically important member of the Hydrangea genus, with a breeding history spanning hundreds of years. Bigleaf hydrangea breeding improvement has largely focused on aesthetic traits and there are few varieties tolerant or resistant to major diseases such as powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is an obligate biotrophic Ascomycete in the order Erysiphales represented by approximately 900 species worldwide. The disease-causing agent in hydrangeas is Golovinomyces orontii (formerly Erysiphe polygoni DC), which tarnishes the beauty, growth, and salability of bigleaf hydrangea plants, especially those packed closely in production …

Effect Of Rainfall Pattern On Sediment Yield And Runoff In Different Textured Soils, Abdul-Rahman Perdawood Haydar, Kamyar Mutalib Mohammed, Dawod Rasooli Keya

Polytechnic Journal

Evaluating the impacts of rainfall intensities on bulk density, runoff rate, and sediment yield is critical in soil characterization and sediment transport. The primary objective of this research is to use multiple linear regression analysis to establish several models correlating rainfall intensity, silt content, and clay content with bulk density, sediment yield, and runoff rate. Several soil samples from different locations in Erbil, Iraq, were collected. Soil samples were placed in a rainfall simulator and brought back to in-situ conditions. The parameters of the suggested models for predicting bulk density, runoff rate, and sediment yield were estimated using linear and …

Bull Value Cow-Q-Lator (Bvcql): What It Is And How To Use It, Matt Stockton, Shannon Sand, Randy Saner

Center for Agricultural Profitability

It’s that time of year when commercial ranchers and cattle producers are looking to make bull purchases for their operation. With so many different breeds and types of bulls available, picking the right bull at the right price is not easy. To help in making the best selection possible the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Beef Economics Team created the Bull Value Cow-Q-Lator (BVCQL). This tool can be used to compare your current bull value with up to 10 bulls. The Bull Value Cow-Q-Lator is a spreadsheet available to download at https://cap.unl.edu/livestock/tools.

Each ranch or farm is going to have different …

Increasing Workforce Skills: The Possible Disconnect Between Employers And Potential Job Seekers, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel

Cornhusker Economics

In a multi-year survey of potential job seekers, those who are likely to change jobs in the next year or who are likely to reenter the workforce in the next year, several key training obstacles for improving their employment situation were identified. There seemed to be only slight differences in how they viewed these challenges, regardless of whether they saw their potential job as a career, a steppingstone to a career, or just a job to get by. The cost of training, the lack of available training, the distance or transportation to the training, lack of time, and the knowledge …

U.S. Cereal Rye Winter Cover Crop Growth Database, Alexandra M. Huddell, Resham Thapa, Guillermo S. Marcillo, Lori J. Abendroth, Victoria J. Ackroyd, Shalamar D. Armstrong, Gautam Asmita, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Kipling S. Balkcom, Andrea Basche, Shawn Beam, Kevin Bradley, Lucas Pecci Canisares, Heather Darby, Adam S. Davis, Pratap Devkota, Warren A. Dick, Jeffery A. Evans, Wesley J. Everman, Tauana Ferreira De A Lmeida, Michael L. Flessner, Lisa M. Fultz, Stefan Gailans, Masoud Hashemi, Joseph Haymaker, Matthew J. Helmers, Nicholas Jordan, Thomas C. Kaspar, Quirine M. Ketterings, Eileen Kladivko, Alexandra Kravchenko, Eugene P. Law, Lauren Lazaro, Ramon G. Leon, Jeffrey Liebert, John Lindquist, Kristen Loria, Jodie M. Mcvane, Jarrod O. Miller, Michael J. Mulvaney, Nsalambi V. Nkongolo, Jason K. Norsworthy, Binaya Parajuli, Christopher Pelzer, Cara Peterson, Hanna Poffenbarger, Pratima Poudel, Mark S. Reiter, Matt Ruark, Matthew R. Ryan, Spencer Samuelson, John E. Sawyer, Sarah Seehaver, Lovreet S. Shergill, Yogendra Raj Upadhyaya, Mark Vangessel, Ashley L. Waggoner, John M. Wallace, Samantha Wells, Charles White, Bethany Wolters, Alex Woodley, Rongzhong Ye, Eric Youngerman, Brian A. Needelman, Steven B. Mirsky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Winter cover crop performance metrics (i.e., vegetative biomass quantity and quality) affect ecosystem services provisions, but they vary widely due to differences in agronomic practices, soil properties, and climate. Cereal rye (Secale cereale) is the most common winter cover crop in the United States due to its winter hardiness, low seed cost, and high biomass production. We compiled data on cereal rye winter cover crop performance metrics, agronomic practices, and soil properties across the eastern half of the United States. The dataset includes a total of 5,695 cereal rye biomass observations across 208 site-years between 2001–2022 and encompasses …

Paying Family Members On The Farm Or Ranch, Jessica Groskopf

Center for Agricultural Profitability

For many farm and ranch families, bringing children or grandchildren into the operation is the ultimate goal. Successfully bringing additional family members into the operation may require some creativity as all parties need to maintain a viable standard of living. This is the first in a series of articles that will highlight ideas and tactics for bringing another family member into the operation.

One tactic is to provide new family members with monetary compensation, such as an hourly wage or salary. The total compensation should be comparable to the market value of wages to hire a non-family member to do …

Embracing Diversity In Agricultural Economics, Timothy L. Meyer

Cornhusker Economics

To steal an overused cliché, “There’s room in the tent for everyone.” Over the 2023 academic year, I have reiterated this message to all my students, with one addition. Not only is there room for everyone, but all are invited AND welcome. Food is something we all have in common, no matter the background. I think this is why producers in the state of Nebraska feel as strongly as they do about the food they produce; it is life-giving and should be taken seriously. Nebraska Agriculture is part of what makes our state great, and that is not a secret …

Fear, Racism, Agriculture: The Drive For Japanese Internment, Brandon James March

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The focus of this dissertation is the timing of the forced evacuation of the ethnic Japanese population from the West Coast in 1942. This work focuses on three key factors driving the timing of the evacuation: racism, security concerns, and agriculture. Racism has been studied and written about extensively; however, an overview of this factor is critical as it directly influenced the removal of Japanese American citizens in addition to Japanese immigrants. This dissertation will focus on the intellectual origins of racism and prejudice by focusing on key figures and tracing the ideas and beliefs and how they influenced the …

Impacts Of Harvest Date And Concurrent Alkali Pretreatment And Ensiling On Anaerobic Digestion Of Pennycress Biomass, Liangcheng Yang, Tuba Yasmin Lubna, Michael A. Moklak, Barsanti Gautum, Nicholas J. Heller, Robert L. Rhykerd, David E. Kopsell, John C. Sedbrook

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is an annual cover crop known for its exceptional cold tolerance and high oil and protein yields. Pennycress can be integrated into a corn–soybean rotation in the U.S. However, the utilization of pennycress biomass remains largely unexplored, including assessing compositional changes through its growth and organic matter digestibility. This study harvested pennycress at three growth stages, characterized the biomass for anaerobic digestion (AD), and tested the effects of concurrent alkali pretreatment and ensiling on the biomass methane yield. Results showed that the biomass harvested when the plants were undergoing senescence (“third-harvest”) had higher contents of …

Can The Impact Of Gravel Roads On Organic Layer Thickness Explain The Distribution Of Populus Tremuloides Along Road Networks In The Boreal Forest Of Eastern Canada?, Mathilde Marchais, Dominique Arseneault, Yves Bergeron

Aspen Bibliography

Roads are known to alter environmental conditions and the composition of road edge plant communities, particularly when exogenous materials are used as road surfacing. In this study, we evaluate the impact of gravel roads on the organic layer thickness (OLT) and aspen distribution in a boreal forest landscape of Eastern Canada. The OLT and aspen distribution were compared at different distances from the roads (0 m, 10 m, and >10 m) to determine whether a reduction in the OLT along the roads could explain the distribution of aspen along the road network, and in particular the role of the roads …

Oystershell Scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Population Growth, Spread, And Phenology On Aspen In Arizona, Usa, Connor D. Crouch, Richard W. Hofstetter, Amanda M. Grady, Nylah N.S. Edwards, Kristen M. Waring

Aspen Bibliography

Oystershell scale (OSS; Lepidosaphes ulmi L.) is an invasive insect that threatens sustainability of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the southwestern United States. OSS invasions have created challenges for land managers tasked with maintaining healthy aspen ecosystems for the ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits they provide. Active management is required to suppress OSS populations and mitigate damage to aspen ecosystems, but before management strategies can be implemented, critical knowledge gaps about OSS biology and ecology must be filled. This study sought to fill these gaps by addressing 3 questions: (i) What is the short-term rate of aspen mortality in …

The Importance Of Strategic Planning For Farmers And Ranchers, Larry Van Tassell

Center for Agricultural Profitability

Planning, or more specifically, strategic planning, is a process of defining long-term goals and objectives of an organization and determining the best course of action to achieve them. It involves such steps as defining the current situation, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and developing a plan of action to take advantage of opportunities and overcome challenges. Parsons (2018) outlined six key components of a business plan and why a farm or ranch should make the effort to develop a business plan.

Impact Of, And Response To, Flooding Of Vermont Farms In 2023, Vernon P. Grubinger

UVM Extension Faculty Publications

This 8-page report summarizes the impact of excessive rainfall on Vermont farms in 2023, and the responses of different organizations to that situation. National weather service reports, farmer survey results, actions of philanthropic and grant funding programs for farmers, and flooded soil test results are summarized. A set of recommendations to improve future responses to agricultural flooding is provided.

Classification Of Hybrid Chestnut Cultivars (Castanea Sativa) Registered In Türkiye With Artificial Neural Networks, Based On Some Physical Properties Of Their Nuts, Taner Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Understanding how the classification and identification of biological species can evaluate improvements in newly developed cultivars, including chestnuts (Castanea sativa), is crucial for product processing and equipment design. To evaluate this, in the present study artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to characterize four hybrid chestnut cultivars (Macit 55, Akyüz, and Ali Nihat registered in Türkiye and Bouche de Betizac registered in France). A backpropagation neural networks algorithm was used in the ANN approach based on nine physical properties. These properties included shelled nut weight and volume, sphericity, geometric mean diameter, bulk density, surface area, true density, porosity, and length, …

The Casnr L.I.N.K.S. Newsletter: Learning Innovation Network For K-12 Schools, Volume 3, Edition 2, February 2024, Bailey Feit, Tammy Mittelstet

CASNR L.I.N.K.S. Newsletter

The purpose of this L.I.N.K.S. newsletter is to provide a monthly update of opportunities and resources for K-12 schools to connect with the University of Nebraska's CASNR Food, Energy, Water, and Societal Systems (FEWS²) programs and partners.

Included in this edition:

K-12 curriculum and resources and upcoming events

Career explorations: pathways for students

Teacher and student opportunities

CASNR Ag Tech Day

Data Driven 4-H statistics field day

2024 Summer Soybean Institute

UNL CASNER six interest areas

School of Natural Resources

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Environmental stewards spotlight

Seed Your Future Green Career Week

Cultivando Caminos

Kudos to our partners …

Impacts Of Climate Change And Agricultural Practices On Nitrogen Processes, Genes, And Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions: A Quantitative Review Of Meta-Analyses, Dafeng Hui, Avedananda Ray, Lovish Kasrija, Jaekedah Christian

Biology Faculty Research

Microbial-driven processes, including nitrification and denitrification closely related to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) production, are orchestrated by a network of enzymes and genes such as amoA genes from ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), narG (nitrate reductase), nirS and nirK (nitrite reductase), and nosZ (N2O reductase). However, how climatic factors and agricultural practices could influence these genes and processes and, consequently, soil N2O emissions remain unclear. In this comprehensive review, we quantitatively assessed the effects of these factors on nitrogen processes and soil N2O emissions using mega-analysis (i.e., meta-meta-analysis). The results showed that global warming increased soil nitrification and denitrification …

Pile Burning After Conifer Removal From Aspen Stands Affects Tree Mortality, Regeneration, And Understory Recovery, John-Pascal Berrill, Christa M. Dagley, Yoon G. Kim, J. Morgan Varner

Aspen Bibliography

Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands throughout the western United States provide valuable ecosystem services but can be lost via succession from aspen to conifer. Forest managers are cutting conifers, but disposal of cut wood can be challenging in remote or sensitive areas. Piling and burning is being tested within aspen stands but ecosystem responses to this treatment are understudied. We assessed aspen tree mortality, tree regeneration, and understory vegetation after forest restoration thinning followed by pile burning in seven aspen-conifer stands around Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, USA. Pile burning was conducted after cut wood had dried (1.5–7.5 …

Determination Of Heating Load Requirement Of Greenhouses In Türkiye By Dynamic Modeling Of Micro-Climate Conditions, Sinan Dölek, Gökhan Arslan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A dynamic model is developed to compute the greenhouse’s heating load and microclimatic conditions (temperature, humidity). An analysis is carried out for the provinces of Türkiye (Adana, Mersin, Antalya, Muğla), where greenhouse cultivation is essential and widespread. The annual heating load of the greenhouse is determined as 95.52 kWh/m2, 92.58 kWh/m2, 74.79 kWh/m2, and 189.04 kWh/m2 for Adana, Mersin, Antalya, and Muğla, respectively. Maximum daily heating loads are computed as 1.87 kWh/m2, 2.06 kWh/m2, 1.4 kWh/m2, and 2.91 kWh/m2 for Adana, Mersin, Antalya, and Muğla. According to the results of the design day, condensation in the greenhouse is observed in …

The Flow Field Simulation And Suction Structure Optimal Design Of The Dual-Airway Pneumatic Fallen Jujube Fruit Pickup Device​, Huizhe Ding, Jingbin Li, Huting Wang, Jing Nie, Longpeng Ding, Abdullah Kirmizibi̇ber

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In order to explore the characteristics of the flow field in the cavity of the dual-airway pneumatic fallen jujube fruit pickup device key components under the action of negative pressure air flow and optimize the structural parameters of the device, a numerical simulation model of the flow field in the body of the dual-airway pickup mouth of the key components of the dual-airway pickup device was constructed based on computational fluid dynamics. First of all, the influence of the center partition on the flow field in the pickup suction mouth was analyzed. Secondly, taking the velocity unevenness coefficient as the …

Influence Of Storage Technology And 1-Methylcyclopropene On Postharvest Behaviorof ‘Ankara’ Pear, Özge Horzum, Nurdan Tuna Güneş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out in order to gain a better understanding of the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the quality of ‘Ankara’ pears after 210 days of cold storage at 0 °C plus 14 days of shelf life at 20 °C. Fruits were harvested at commercial harvest time (flesh firmness of 75–80 N, soluble solids content of 14%–16%) and stored in regular air (RA) or CA storage (3% O2 + 1.5% CO2) after treatment with or without 1-MCP (300 nL L–1). Ripening was delayed by 1-MCP treatment and CA storage as evidenced by lower …

The Effect Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On The Growth Of Cyclocarya Paliurus Cutting Seedlings, Wanxia Yang, Jiaqi Zhuang, Yuan Tian, Shiying Wan, Siyu Ding, Mei Zhang

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

To increase the yield of secondary metabolites, Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi were used to improve cyclocarya paliurus. The experiment measured growth indicators, biomass, mineral nutrients, etc. The results showed that after inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi the nitrogen content in the leaves of the experimental group was 27.87 mg/g, K content was 7.48 mg/g, Ca content was 26.63 mg/g, and Mg content was 2.82 mg/g. Compared with the control group (Cg), mycorrhizal fungi can promote the absorption of mineral nutrients by C. paliurus seedlings. A. mycorrhizal fungi had a certain influence on the proportion of root, stem, leaf, and total biomass of …

Effect Of Nanoparticles On Sugar Beet Cultured In Vitro And Its Betalain And Betaine Production, Nour Alawad, Ömer Can Ünüvar, Songül Gürel, Meli̇h Okcu, Ekrem Gürel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is considered one of the most important crops in terms of economics and food. With the widespread applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant science that have received great interest due to their amazing results and promising capabilities, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of TiO2 and ZnO NPs on sugar beet plants cultured in vitro in several respects: seed germination, morphology, chlorophyll a and b contents, carotenoids, and the most important sugar beet metabolites, betaine and betalains. To investigate the effects, four different concentrations of NPs (0, 5, 15, and 25 …

Bioassay-Guided Purification And Identification Of Antimicrobial Compound From Corn Silk Extract And Postharvest Application Against Fusarium Verticillioides On Cherry Tomato, Ummara Khan, Rita-Cindy Aye-Ayire Sedjoah, Yuting Shao, Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed, Zichao Wu, Zhihong Xin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Corn silk (Stigma maydis), the silky hairs on top of maize, is commonly discarded as waste. Despite its traditional medicinal use in countries like China, the United States, France, and Turkey, its phytochemical and pharmacological attributes have received limited study. In this study, the agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of free and bound crude extracts from cornsilk obtained using different solvents. Compared to the free crude extract, the bound crude extract exhibited greater efficacy against the tested microorganisms. Consequently, sequential fractionation was performed on the bound crude extract, and it was found that the …

Forecast Model Of Agricultural Circular Economy Development Trend Based On Gp Algorithm, Yue Yin, Weidong Ning

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In order to comprehensively and objectively analyze the development level of agricultural circular economy and accurately predict the development trend of agricultural circular economy, a prediction model for the growth trend of agricultural circular economy based on GP algorithm was studied. On this basis, an evaluation system for the development of agricultural circular economy has been established from the perspectives of economic and social development, resource reduction and investment, resource recycling, resource environment and security, and population system. The kernel principal component analysis method was used to reduce the dimensionality of the indicator system for the development of agricultural circular …

Influence Of High Tunnel Conditions And Cultivars On The Growth, Yield, And Fruit Qualityof Strawberry In Northern Türkiye, Leyla Demi̇rsoy, Derya Misir, Ayşenur Bektaş, Di̇lek Soysal, Adi̇s Li̇zalo, Hüsnü Demi̇rsoy

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out in Samsun, in the northern part of Türkiye. Short-day cultivars Amiga, Fortuna, Rubygem, Festival, and Camarosa and day-neutral cultivars Albion, Monterey, Sweet Ann, and San Andreas were evaluated for harvest period, fruit yield and quality, and vegetative growth under open field and high tunnel conditions. Fortuna, Festival, and Rubygem were the earliest cultivars and Sweet Ann the latest cultivar under both conditions. Harvest started about 1 month earlier under high tunnel conditions due to the higher air and soil temperatures than the open field. The harvest period lasted 16 to 21 weeks in the open …

Zinc And Manganese Effect Seed Quality And Germination In Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), Mehrdad Yarnia, Masoud Soltani̇ Bouljak, Parisa Bolouri, İnci̇ Tolay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) are important micronutrients in plant growth and development. In this study, the effect of Zn and Mn sulfate treatments at different growth stages of mother plants in common bean on seed production and germination potential was carried out. Results showed that zinc sulfate (ZnSo4) treatments significantly affected yield and pod number per plant compared to manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (MnSO4) treatments. Treatment in any form or at any stage of growth increased yield and its components in common bean. The highest efficiency of ZnSO4 was obtained in the pod production stage; MnSO4 enjoyed greater efficiency in …

Different Irrigation Rates Effect On The Yield And Quality Of Greenhouse Cultivated Platycodon Grandiflorum Crops Considering Transpiration, Jia Liu, Xuecan Li, Yuanyuan Sui, Haiye Yu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Abstract: The consumption of agricultural water resources is enormous, and in the face of water scarcity, optimizing the utilization rate of water resources is urgent. As a common medicinal plant, the planting area of platycodon grandiflorus crops has increased. Therefore, in order to maximize the yield and quality of platycodon crops, different irrigation treatment methods are developed based on their evaporation capacity, and the impact of different irrigation amounts on platycodon crops is explored. Different irrigation amounts affect multiple indicators of the platycodon plant. The experimental results indicated that for the daily transpiration of the platycodon plant, 120% irrigation was …

The Impact Of Adding Hops To Alfalfa At Different Rates On Silage Quality And Methane Emissions In Vitro, Erdem Gülümser, Hani̇fe Mut, Eki̇n Sucu, Uğur Başaran, Medi̇ne Çopur Doğrusöz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Legumes are typically challenging to ensile due to their low concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates and high capacity for buffering. If legumes and medicinal plants are ensiled together, the silage quality increases, which benefits the digestive system of ruminates. The aim of this study was to research the effects of different alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and hops (Humulus lupulus L.) ratios on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation traits. The plant materials were chopped to a particle size of <2 cm; then alfalfa (A) and hops (H) were ensiled in ratios of 100A + 0H, 75A + 25H, 50A + 50H, 25A + 75H and 0A + 100H by weight with 4 replicates. Fresh silage samples were left to ferment for 45 days at 25 ± 2 °C. Subsequently, it was observed that hops added to alfalfa improved the silage’s fermentation qualities. At a 75A + 25H ratio, the silage quality increased due to having a lower pH and dry matter ratio as well as increased values for Flieg score, crude protein, relative feed, and condensed tannin concentration. A higher proportion of alfalfa in the silage mixture increased methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and decreased lactic acid (LA). Comparing 50A + 50H and 25A + 75H silages to 100A + 0H, the CH4 production was 26.19% and 27.80% lower, respectively, and the CO2 production decreased by 25.61% and 28.15%, respectively. Consequently, the 50A + 50H and 25A + 75H silage ratios are advised for feeding ruminants. Furthermore, more research with different forage combinations is required to understand how hops influence rumen fermentation.