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Improvement Of Forage Quality By Means Of Biotechnology: Stable Transformation Of Warm-Season Grasses By Particle Bombardment, C Yuge, R Akashi, O Kawamura Feb 2024

Improvement Of Forage Quality By Means Of Biotechnology: Stable Transformation Of Warm-Season Grasses By Particle Bombardment, C Yuge, R Akashi, O Kawamura

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

We have used a simple and inexpensive, self-built particle acceleration apparatus for direct delivery of DNA to cultured cells of warm-season grasses. High levels of transient expression of the b-glucuronidase gene were obtained following bombardment of embryogenic suspension cells and calli of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) and dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir). Furthermore, stable transformed calli of both species have been obtained using this simple particle gun.


Transformation In Lotus Corniculatus: Towards Low-Lignin Pasture Through Antisense Rna, R Akashi, T Uchiyama, Y Sakatani, O Kawamura Feb 2024

Transformation In Lotus Corniculatus: Towards Low-Lignin Pasture Through Antisense Rna, R Akashi, T Uchiyama, Y Sakatani, O Kawamura

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

We have developed a rapid and reproducible transformation system for bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) by using Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transfer and the incorporation of the antisense gene for cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) from Aralia cordata into Lotus for lignin reduction. The presence of the transferred antisense gene in regenerated plants has been confirmed by PCR analysis.


Possibility Of Selection For Mineral Concentration In Orchardgrass By X-Ray Microanalysis, S Saiga, Y Nishimura, K Izumi Feb 2024

Possibility Of Selection For Mineral Concentration In Orchardgrass By X-Ray Microanalysis, S Saiga, Y Nishimura, K Izumi

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

To assess the ability of X-ray microanalysis for screening breeding populations of orchardgrass in mineral concentration, correlations between chemical and X-ray analysis were investigated. Six orchardgrass plants with high- and low-Mg concentrations were examined for three harvest dates in 1995. The samples were separated into leaf blade, leaf sheath, culm and head. Mg concentration in leaf and head were higher than in sheath and in culm. P concentration was highest in the head, and lowest in the sheath. Correlations between chemical and X-ray analysis were r=0.692***, 0.526***, 0.252* and 0.562*** for Mg, Ca, K and P, respectively. Correlation coefficients between …


Aluminum Tolerance Qtl In Diploid Alfalfa, M K. Sledge, J H. Bouton, J Tamulonis, W A. Parrot, G Kochert Feb 2024

Aluminum Tolerance Qtl In Diploid Alfalfa, M K. Sledge, J H. Bouton, J Tamulonis, W A. Parrot, G Kochert

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Aluminum (Al) toxicity associated with acid soils greatly inhibits alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) productivity throughout much of the world’s major grassland areas. In this paper, we report the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling aluminum tolerance in diploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). An in vitro callus growth bioassay was used to select aluminum tolerant and aluminum sensitive parents, and to screen an F2 population for aluminum tolerance. Fifty-eight cDNA probes were mapped to nine linkage groups, and the F2 genotypic classes were contrasted with means from the callus growth bioassay using ANOVA. We also used Mapmaker-QTL to …


Selecting Acid-Soil Tolerant White Clover, P W. Voigt, D R. Morris Feb 2024

Selecting Acid-Soil Tolerant White Clover, P W. Voigt, D R. Morris

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

A two-stage, tandem, recurrent-selection program is proposed to improve acid-soil tolerance of white clover, Trifolium repens L. In stage one, we evaluate root growth of very young seedlings, grown in an highly-acid Al toxic soil. Although the relationship between the acid-soil response of very young seedlings and that of mature white clover is unknown, the failure of white clover to become established on a highly-acid, Al-toxic soil suggests that establishment is a critical stage of plant development on such soils. In stage two we reevaluate genotypes selected in stage one, in a small-pot study at two lime levels, to separate …


Lodging Resistance Evaluation In Lolium Multiflorum, Katsuo Egara, Kazuhiro Tase, Makoto Kobayashi, Hiroki Fujii Feb 2024

Lodging Resistance Evaluation In Lolium Multiflorum, Katsuo Egara, Kazuhiro Tase, Makoto Kobayashi, Hiroki Fujii

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this study was to develop a simple technique to evaluate lodging resistance in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) for genetic improvement. Significant relationships were recognized between the pushing resistance index and actual lodging degree (ALD), and between the breaking resistance index and ALD, at the 0.1 and 5 percent levels, respectively.


Mechanistic Modelling Of Grassland Energy Balance, G D. Buchan, B Main, B A. Mckenzie Feb 2024

Mechanistic Modelling Of Grassland Energy Balance, G D. Buchan, B Main, B A. Mckenzie

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.


Radiation Balance And Production Of Forage Crops In A Mediterranean Region, G Rana, F Fornaro Feb 2024

Radiation Balance And Production Of Forage Crops In A Mediterranean Region, G Rana, F Fornaro

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

This study is devoted to measure the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and the extinction light coefficient (k) of a sainfoin crop, cultivated in a site of Southern Italy. The same parameters are measured also for the global solar radiation (in this case kg and RUEg, respectively). The crop was maintened in well watered conditions and the measures were carried out during four cut cycles, one during 1994 and three during 1995. Transmitted, incident, soil and canopy reflected radiations were measured continously during the growth season. The results were given a mean of 2.61 and 1.2 …


Use Of Biomass From Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris Arundinacea) As Raw Material For Production Of Paper Pulp And Fuel, B Andersson, E Lindvall Feb 2024

Use Of Biomass From Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris Arundinacea) As Raw Material For Production Of Paper Pulp And Fuel, B Andersson, E Lindvall

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) has been investigated as a potential industrial crop in Sweden and other European countries. Reed canary grass (RCG) can be used as raw-material for paper pulp or as biofuel for combustion. A new harvest method, the delayed harvesting system, was developed which makes it possible to get dry, ready to store, material. The method reduces cost and improves quality of the product. The use of RCG as an industrial crop requires a completely different quality compared to forage. The important part is the cellulose while protein and mineral nutrients are disturbing the process …


Tall Tropical Grasses And Leucaena As Energy Crops For Lower South Usa, G M. Prine, K R. Woodard Feb 2024

Tall Tropical Grasses And Leucaena As Energy Crops For Lower South Usa, G M. Prine, K R. Woodard

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The tropical leguminous shrub/tree, leucaena (Leucaena spp. mainly leucocephala), and perennial tropical tall grasses such as elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum), sugarcane, and energycane (Saccharum spp.) are well adapted to the long growing seasons and high rainfall of humid lower South. In much of the area the topgrowth is killed by frost during winter and plants regenerate from underground parts in spring. Selected accessions from a duplicated 373 accession leucaena nursery had an average annual woody stem dry matter production of 31.4 Mg ha-1 and four seasons growth of 78.9 Mg ha-1. The tall perennial grasses have …


Energy Balance Of Different Intensive Forage Cropping Systems In Northern Italy, M Onofrii, C Tomasoni, L Borrelli, L Bechini Feb 2024

Energy Balance Of Different Intensive Forage Cropping Systems In Northern Italy, M Onofrii, C Tomasoni, L Borrelli, L Bechini

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Five forage crop rotations at two intensification levels have been compared using energy analysis, to have an integrated view on the systems under study. Inputs required by the five rotations ranged from 33 to 72 GJ•ha-1•yr1• Outputs from cropping systems ranged from41 to 153 GJ•ha-1•yr1 and output/input ratios from 1,25 to 2,13. The most efficient rotations in terms of net energy production efficiency have been characterised by reduced length and presence of maize and catch-crops. Low intensification level has caused higher efficiency in three rotations.


How Do Cattle And Sheep Alter Ingestive Behaviour In Response To Changes In Sward State?, P D. Penning, R J. Orr, A J. Parsons, A Harvey Feb 2024

How Do Cattle And Sheep Alter Ingestive Behaviour In Response To Changes In Sward State?, P D. Penning, R J. Orr, A J. Parsons, A Harvey

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Ingestive behaviour of yearling Friesian heifers continuously stocked on monocultures of Lolium perenne (G) or Trifolium repens (C) maintained at sward heights of 7-8 cm, was recorded. Bite masses, prehension biting and mastication rates were similar between treatments (211 vs. 230 mg DM prehension bite-1, 61 vs. 55 prehension bites and 11 vs. 13 mastications, min-1 for G and C, respectively). DM intake rates were 12.9 g min-1 for both treatments. Animals grazed longer (536 vs.436 min) and ruminated longer (526 vs. 267 min-1) on G compared with C. Daily intakes were 6.9 vs.5.6 kg DM for G and C. …


Effects Of Fasting On Ingestive Behaviour Of Sheep Grazing Grass Or White Clover Monocultures, P D. Penning, M Boval Feb 2024

Effects Of Fasting On Ingestive Behaviour Of Sheep Grazing Grass Or White Clover Monocultures, P D. Penning, M Boval

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Effects of fasting sheep for 24 h (F), compared with controls (NF), on their ingestive behaviour and particle size in extrusa was investigated using oesophageally fistulated animals, grazing monocultures of Lolium perenne (G) or Trifolium repens (C). Bite masses tended to be lower on G than C and tended to increase with fasting (40, 64, 61 and 70 mg DM bite-1) for treatments GNF, GF, CNF and CF, respectively. Prehension rate was lower (52 vs. 69 bites min-1) and masticating rate was higher (106 vs.86 mastications min- 1) for G and C treatments, respectively. Over 24 h following fasting, NF …


Performance Of Dairy Cows, Feed Quality And N Balance On Pasture Systems With Or Without Mineral N Fertilizer, M Rodehutscord, Ina Hahner, H Spiekers, E Pfeffer Feb 2024

Performance Of Dairy Cows, Feed Quality And N Balance On Pasture Systems With Or Without Mineral N Fertilizer, M Rodehutscord, Ina Hahner, H Spiekers, E Pfeffer

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In a 2 year experiment, two levels of mineral N fertilization (nil and 225 kg N/ha) on pasture were checked for their effects on pasture yield and quality as well as for performance of dairy cows. Twenty six cows were used in each treatment and the stocking density was adapted to previous results on pasture growth rates. Cows were kept on pasture during summer and grass silages were harvested from the respective experimental areas for winter feeding periods. Digestibility of organic matter in these silages, determined in wether sheep, was always higher in those silages harvested from pasture without mineral …


Effect Of Milk Yield, Sward Height And Concentrate Supplementation Level On Herbage Intake And Grazing Behaviour Of Set-Stocked Dairy Cattle In Spring, R Pulido, J D. Leaver Feb 2024

Effect Of Milk Yield, Sward Height And Concentrate Supplementation Level On Herbage Intake And Grazing Behaviour Of Set-Stocked Dairy Cattle In Spring, R Pulido, J D. Leaver

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

An experiment was carried out in spring over 42 days, with 48 multiparous Holstein Friesian cows, to examine the interrelationship of milk yield level, sward height and concentrate level. Two initial milk yield groups of 21.3 and 35.5 kg/day, two range of compressed sward heights of 3 to 5 cm, and 7 to 9 cm , and three concentrate levels of 0 and 6 kg/day and ad libitum were evaluated in a factorial design. Multiple regression analyses were carried out relating intake and behavioural dependent variables to the independent variables initial milk yield (IMY), sward height (SH) and concentrate intake …


Ruminal Fill Effect Of Forages: Prediction And Relationship With Voluntary Intake, R Baumont, A Barlet, J Jamot Feb 2024

Ruminal Fill Effect Of Forages: Prediction And Relationship With Voluntary Intake, R Baumont, A Barlet, J Jamot

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI) and rumen fill were measured on sheep fed with 18 forages ranging from wheat straw to lucerne hay. In vivo fill effect (IVFE i.e. rumen DM pool divided by VDMI), in situ degradability, cell-wall composition, pepsin-cellulase digestibility and in vitro gas production were determined. In situ estimated fill effect (ISFE) was calculated as the retention time of insoluble potential degradable and undegradable fractions using a constant rate of passage. ISFE and IVFE were highly correlated (r2=0.89) but ISFE values were lower than IVFE values because in situ degradability does not integrate comminution time of …


Monitoring Of Intake And Energetic Efficiency Of The Grass In A Pasture Rotationally Grazed By Bulls Using Nirs Applied To The Faeces, Ph Lecomte, V Decruyenaere, P Limbourg, P Dardenne Feb 2024

Monitoring Of Intake And Energetic Efficiency Of The Grass In A Pasture Rotationally Grazed By Bulls Using Nirs Applied To The Faeces, Ph Lecomte, V Decruyenaere, P Limbourg, P Dardenne

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this approach was to characterise variations that one can observe in the course of a pasture season using near infrared spectrometry (NIRS) applied to the analysis of the grass and faeces collected during the season. Available grass and faeces of Belgian Blue White young bulls have been collected 3 times a week since the beginning of May until mid-October. The samples have been predicted in NIRS technique according to a calibration previously developed on the faeces of sheep fed ad libitum in cage with green grass. The NIRS provides a useful tool to provide a relative description …


Modeling Intake Of Grazing Cows Fed Complementary Feeds, D R. Buckmaster, L A. Holden, L D. Muller, R H. Mohtar Feb 2024

Modeling Intake Of Grazing Cows Fed Complementary Feeds, D R. Buckmaster, L A. Holden, L D. Muller, R H. Mohtar

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

A model suitable for predicting intake for grazing or non-grazing dairy cows is presented. The model integrates the potentially intake limiting factors of physical fill, physiological energy demand, wet mass, herbage availability, herbage cover, and grazing time. Integration of these factors with a simple set of linear ration balancing constraints yields a model suitable for predicting supplemental feed requirements as well as potential animal production from a grazed land. The model is semi-theoretical, being descriptive in structure, but containing empirical relationships.


Intake And Quality Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) Receiving Different Levels Of Nitrogen During Autumn, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman Feb 2024

Intake And Quality Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) Receiving Different Levels Of Nitrogen During Autumn, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of N fertilization on the quality of Panicum maximum cv. Gatton (Panicum) and the subsequent intake thereof. Hand cut samples increased in N (1.8 - 2.7%) and NO3-N content (0.75 - 1.54%) and decreased in WSC (14.6 - 13.9 g/kg) content, but with no changes in IVDOM as N fertilization levels raised from 0 to 150 kg N/ha respectively. No changes occurred in the NDF and ADL values. The animal selected N, and IVDOM values were higher and NDF value lower than the hand cut samples, which was expected due …


Intake And Partial Digestibility Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) At Three Stages Of Maturity During Summer, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman Feb 2024

Intake And Partial Digestibility Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) At Three Stages Of Maturity During Summer, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of stage of maturity on the intake and digestibility of P. maximum (cv. Gatton) during the active growing season. Low DM content at the young and medium growth stages (24.9 and 25.2%) did not hamper DOMI (48.8 and 44.1 g/kg W0.75/d) respectively. The N concentration of the three stages were well within the limit required for optimal rumen microbial production (1.8 - 2.0%). The high NDF value of the adult stage (59.5%) resulted in a significantly lower IVDOM value (62.3%) but the IVDOM values of all stages were on the …


Implications Of Biomechanical Characters Of Subterranean Clover On Feeding By Redlegged Earth Mite And Intake By Sheep, D A. Henry, S K. Baker, T J. Ridsdill-Smith Feb 2024

Implications Of Biomechanical Characters Of Subterranean Clover On Feeding By Redlegged Earth Mite And Intake By Sheep, D A. Henry, S K. Baker, T J. Ridsdill-Smith

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The biomechanical strength of cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) that were either resistant or susceptible to feeding by redlegged earth mite was measured as the force required to penetrate their leaves with a small, tubular punch. Cotyledons and trifoliate leaves of cultivars resistant to redlegged earth mite had a higher resistance to penetration than cultivars susceptible to redlegged earth mite. Cotyledons needed a higher force to penetrate than trifoliate leaves. The possible implications for intake by ruminants of differences between the cultivars in biomechanical characters are also considered.


High Instantaneous Spring Stocking Rates To Improve Year Round Herbage Utilization In Argentine Dairy Production, M H. Wade, D E. Dalla Valle Feb 2024

High Instantaneous Spring Stocking Rates To Improve Year Round Herbage Utilization In Argentine Dairy Production, M H. Wade, D E. Dalla Valle

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In much of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina 60% of the year’s pasture production occurs during spring. This trial was carried out to test the minimum area necessary for grazing in the period of maximum pasture growth in the 3 to 4 months of spring, so that in turn the maximum potential area for forage conservation could be estimated. At the two levels of herbage allowance aimed for (achieving 18.1 and 36.6 kgDM/cow/d), herbage intake was 11.1 and 13.4 kgDM/cow/d and milk production 20.9 and 22.3 l/cow/d respectively. While these differences were not significant, the trial demonstrated a potential of 70 …


Effects On Intake Of Supplementing Low-Quality Roughage With Protein-Rich Feeds, J.J. M.H. Ketelaars, G A. Kaasschieter, M Kane Feb 2024

Effects On Intake Of Supplementing Low-Quality Roughage With Protein-Rich Feeds, J.J. M.H. Ketelaars, G A. Kaasschieter, M Kane

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Intake responses of ruminants to supplementation with protein-rich concentrates or legume hays have been related to the ratio of nitrogen (N) content and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of the basal feed. Marginal intake effect of supplements, i.e. change of organic matter intake (OMI) from the basal feed per unit OMI from supplement, decreased on average from 1.7 to 0 and -0.8 g. g-1 at N/OMD of 0.010, 0.016 and > 0.030 g. g-1, respectively. Marginal effect of supplements defined as change of total digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) per g DOMI from supplement was 2.5, 1 and 0.3 g. g-1 for …


The Effect Of Sward Height And Bulk Density On Herbage Intake And Grazing Behaviour Of Dairy Cows, C S. Mayne, D Mcgilloway, A Cushnahan, A S. Laidlaw Feb 2024

The Effect Of Sward Height And Bulk Density On Herbage Intake And Grazing Behaviour Of Dairy Cows, C S. Mayne, D Mcgilloway, A Cushnahan, A S. Laidlaw

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The effects of sward height and bulk density on herbage intake and grazing behaviour of dairy cows during 1 hour grazing periods was investigated. Sward factors had a marked effect on dry matter (DM) intake/bite, which ranged from 0.4 to 1.1 g, and this was reflected in hourly intake rates. Intake/bite was largely influenced by sward height, reflecting increased bite depth in taller swards, with inherent differences between swards at low sward heights largely attributable to differences in bulk density (BD). The results indicate that DM intake rates up to 4.0 kg DM/hour can be achieved in short term grazing …


Bird Friendly Beef: Exploring The Impacts Of Regenerative Forage Production, B. Rigley, J. Gilley, Aem Johnson Feb 2024

Bird Friendly Beef: Exploring The Impacts Of Regenerative Forage Production, B. Rigley, J. Gilley, Aem Johnson

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In the eastern US, managed hayfields and pasturelands represent a significant portion of remaining available grassland bird habitat, hosting several declining species including the eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) and the grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). However, these working landscapes have deteriorated in their ability to support grassland birds in recent decades due to more frequent and early hay cuttings and intensive grazing. Since the conservation of grassland birds is inextricably linked to agricultural systems, for conservation to be effective, land management must aim to benefit both producers and birds. Regenerative agriculture is an emerging approach that incorporates …


Comparison Of Composition And Degradation Characteristics Of Early Bloom Alfalfa With Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) Forages Harvested At Different Stages Of Maturity, Z Mir, P S. Mir, S N. Acharya, L A. Goonewardene Feb 2024

Comparison Of Composition And Degradation Characteristics Of Early Bloom Alfalfa With Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) Forages Harvested At Different Stages Of Maturity, Z Mir, P S. Mir, S N. Acharya, L A. Goonewardene

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this study was to compare the composition and degradation characteristics of early bloom alfalfa and fenugreek harvested after 9, 15 and 17 wk of growth. Crude protein (CP) content of fenugreek cut at 9, 15 and 17 wk was lower (P<0.05) than that of alfalfa. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin content of fenugreek harvested after 15 and 17 wk were higher (P<0.05) than that of alfalfa. Ash content was lower (P<0.05) in fenugreek than for alfalfa. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of fenugreek cut at 15 and 17 wk was similar to that of alfalfa. Total in vitro gas production of fenugreek cut at the three stages of growth was not significantly different from those observed for alfalfa. Results indicate that chemical composition and IVDMD of fenugreek at all stages of …


Native Texas Ornamental Bunchgrass Performance Under Water Restrictions, C. Shadrock, K. Hays, E. Green, M. Peoples, S. Gutierrez, C. Segars, A. Chandra, J. R. Bow, J. P. Muir Feb 2024

Native Texas Ornamental Bunchgrass Performance Under Water Restrictions, C. Shadrock, K. Hays, E. Green, M. Peoples, S. Gutierrez, C. Segars, A. Chandra, J. R. Bow, J. P. Muir

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Growing human populations and increasing drought conditions compete with ornamental grassland landscapes for freshwater resources. With outdoor use as the largest consumer of municipal water, irrigation restrictions will likely be increasingly implemented, restricting ornamental municipal grasslands. Substituting irrigation-dependent exotic grasses with drought-adapted native bunchgrasses could help mitigate this problem. Greenhouse (GH) trials revealed exotic ornamental bunchgrasses declined faster than natives under progressive water stress, with natives performing best under moderate water with maximum water treatments decreasing aesthetic quality. There was wide variability among accessions, indicating promising genetic diversity from which to select drought resistance for ornamentals. Native grasses performed best …


Comparison Between Geese, Peking Ducks And Mallards In Ability To Digest Common Rye-Grass, H Jeroch, R Timmler, G Guy Feb 2024

Comparison Between Geese, Peking Ducks And Mallards In Ability To Digest Common Rye-Grass, H Jeroch, R Timmler, G Guy

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The aim of this digestibility experiment was to observe the differences between geese, peking ducks and mallards to digest common ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Adult birds were used for the trials. The grass was frozen after harvesting, stored until the experimental period and fed in fresh constitution. The birds were reared in special single cages and had free access to water and grass. Geese have the best adapted digestive tract of all waterfowl species to consume and digest high-fibre feedstuffs. Peking ducks are able to consume a lot of grass and it seems the digestibility values are similar to …


Characterization And Management Of Grassland And Associated Plant Communities On Kodiak Island, Alaska, J David Swanson, M.H. W. Barker Feb 2024

Characterization And Management Of Grassland And Associated Plant Communities On Kodiak Island, Alaska, J David Swanson, M.H. W. Barker

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

A range survey on Kodiak Island grazing leases was conducted summers of 1995-96 to update management plans for areas grazed by cattle (Bos tarus) and bison (Bison bison). Ecological site (site) mapping and descriptions were updated, ecological status and grazing use was evaluated. Spatial data were acquired and summarized using Geographic Information System (GIS). New sites were developed for beaches and cliffs to facilitate ecosystem planning and enhance GIS capabilities.


Genotypic Effects On Condensed Tannins In The Leucaena Genus, S A. Dalzell, H M. Shelton Feb 2024

Genotypic Effects On Condensed Tannins In The Leucaena Genus, S A. Dalzell, H M. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

One hundred and eighteen accessions of the Leucaena genus were assayed for extractable and bound condensed tannins (CT). Leucaena taxa varied from low or no CT (0-1%) to extremely high levels (>15%). There was considerable intraspecific variation in CT within key taxa. The proportion of bound tannin decreased with increasing total CT content.