Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

From Data To Decision-Making: The Role Of Local Digital Twins In Cross-Domain Management Within Municipalities – A Research-In-Progress Study In Veenendaal, Diana M.E. Boekman, Koen Smit, Guido Ongena, Rob Peters

Communications of the IIMA

Municipalities are facing increasingly complex, interconnected challenges in areas like housing, climate adaptation, mobility, and social policy. Local Digital Twins (LDTs) are seen as a promising tool to make this complexity more understandable and support decision-making. At the same time, both literature and practice show that few initiatives get past the pilot phase, even though getting through that phase is essential for successful long-term adoption.

This paper presents a research-in-progress study on the development and application of an implementation method for LDT technology within the municipality of Veenendaal, based on human values rather than driven by technological possibilities. Based on …

A Novel Entropy Based Maintainability Measurement Algorithm For Java Source Code., Remi M. Yusuf Mr, Md Shadab Mashuk, Julian Bass

Communications of the IIMA

Software metrics play a central role in assessing and managing the quality of software systems providing quantitative insights into attributes such as complexity, reliability, rigidity, modifiability and maintainability. Among these, maintainability is particularly critical, as it directly influences the ease of system evolution, long-term sustainability, and overall cost effectiveness. Despite the widespread use of metric-based maintainability measurement algorithms, capturing a value that reflects the maintainability situation of software source code remains a challenging task, especially in the presence of design deficiencies such as code smells. To measure changes in maintainability, this study experimentaly characterises the relationship between code smells and …

Libs-Based Detection And Preliminary Classification Of Microplastic Signatures In Soil Samples., Ekhlas Jabir Mahmood

Al-Bahir

Contamination of terrestrial systems by microplastics (MPs) has become a critical environmental hazard, but detection of such contaminants in a complex soil system is a challenge for conventional analytical techniques. This research aims to assess the potential of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the detection and differentiation of different types of microplastics, including HDPE, LDPE, PP, PS, and PVC, dispersed in the soil of Al Najaf, Iraq. Soil samples were collected from different functional zones, namely, Industrial, Commercial, Agricultural, Residential, and Roadside, at the surface level and 30 cm depth. Detection was done by measuring the intensity of the C/H …

A Transformer-Based Approach With Data Augmentation For Multilabel Emotional Context Detection, Mohsin Hasan Hussein, Marem H. Abdulabas, Azha Talal Mohammed Ali, Homam Aziz Ghazi

Al-Bahir

Emotion identification in texts is becoming increasingly difficult because of the wide variety of ways emotions are represented. This study uses a fine-tuned Robustly Optimized Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Approach

(RoBERTa) to offer a Transformer-based model for identifying multilabel emotional context in textual data. To balance emotion categories and enhance the model's capacity for generalization, data augmentation is applied on two different datasets: Semantic Evaluation and Cross-lingual Emotion Dataset (SemEval and XED) English corpus. This stage is considered one of the most important steps in preprocessing as it greatly helps to improve the results. The RoBERTa model was then …

From Dissertation To Deployment: A Unified Software Platform Operationalizing Clinical-Prediction And Sequential-Security Ai For Healthcare, Olsi Shehu, Damiana Teliti, Jasmin Kevrić, Bekir Karlik

Communications of the IIMA

Advances in machine learning for healthcare are abundant, yet most validated models remain confined to research notebooks and never reach secure, usable clinical software. This paper addresses that deployment gap by presenting a unified, security-hardened software platform that operationalizes two complementary streams of doctoral research inside a single, role-based hospital information system. The first stream contributes a clinical-prediction capability: an ultra-hybrid ensemble that couples a quantum-inspired feature transformation, particle-swarm feature selection, and calibrated soft voting for cancer-outcome prediction (96.41% accuracy, AUC-ROC 0.983 on TCGA-BRCA), survival stratification, multi-cancer generalization, and pharmacogenomic drug-response classification (89.31% mean accuracy across 25 compounds). The second …

A Fundamental Study Of Fatty Acid Ionic Liquids And Their Effects On Biomolecules, Achismita Dutta

Theses and Dissertations

Fatty acid ionic liquids (FAILs) are a class of ionic liquids (ILs) with relatively low toxicity and potential applications in biological systems. This study examined the interactions of tetramethylguanidinium decanoate, tetramethylguanidinium octanoate, choline decanoate, and choline octanoate with lipid membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids. Membrane leakage experiments using model lipid vesicles showed that decanoate-based FAILs produced greater membrane permeabilization than octanoate-based analogues, consistent with their higher membrane permeability. These effects were stronger for the ILs than for decanoate alone and occurred below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), suggesting that micelle formation may not be essential for membrane disruption. The ability …

A Hybrid Rule-Based And Large Language Model Framework For Extracting Acronym–Definition Pairs From Scientific Literature, Petro Skrypnyk

Theses and Dissertations

Authors of scientific papers rely heavily on acronyms and often use them without defining them, making the literature harder to read and index. This thesis develops and evaluates a hybrid rule-based and large language model (LLM) framework that extracts acronym–definition pairs from scientific PDF documents. It extends an earlier Rowan University system that combined a regular-expression parser with a single LLM on 200 papers. That system showed that neither the parser nor the LLM alone is sufficient for accurate extraction of the pairs. The framework is a fully automated pipeline from PDF input to scored results. It compares four LLM …

Gc-Ms Profiling And Antibacterial Activity Of Cold-Macerated Garlic Extracts Against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogens, Fatima A. Khalaf, Saeed A. Fayadh

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The growing number of cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) urinary tract infections has made the clinical management of urinary tract diseases a significant challenge; therefore, the need for effective adjunctive therapies cannot be overemphasized. This study evaluated the bioactive components and antibacterial efficacy of cold-macerated garlic extracts obtained using distilled water, 70% ethanol and hexane solvents against antimicrobial-resistant urinary isolates. Out of 250 urine samples that were analyzed, 124 (49.6%) showed significant microbial growth, with Escherichia coli being the most frequently isolated organism. The results of the phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the ethanolic extract had …

Monitoring System In The Georeactor Area During The Underground Coal Gasification Process, Aleksandra Tokarz, Jacek Grabowski, Krzysztof Korczak

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Safety control of the underground coal gasification (UCG) process involves ensuring that the process runs smoothly, monitoring changes occurring on the surface and in the rock mass, and counteracting the negative environmental impact of the process. The article presents the application of a monitoring system implemented in Poland, both in pilot tests conducted in shallow coal seams at the Barbara Experimental Mine and in deep coal seams at the Wieczorek mine, where a full-scale gasification process was tested. The analysis of the monitoring results carried out during the gasification experiment in an operating mine allowed for the identification of key …

Fast Computation And Model Order Reduction Of The Friction Stir Welding Process With Pod-Deim, Joshua Kay, Zilong Song

Mathematics and Statistics Student Research and Class Projects

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state manufacturing process widely used in joining aluminum and other metal workpieces. The FSW process can be modeled by a coupled system of non-Newtonian Navier–Stokes and heat-transfer equations. However, solving this non-linear system with high accuracy requires significant computational power. This work refines the system by introducing corrected coefficients and new treatments for boundary conditions near the tool. Then, model order reduction, including the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM), is applied to efficiently solve the FSW system in a low-dimensional space. To enhance accuracy and effectiveness, two novel treatments …

Fastest-Warming States And Cities In The Mountain West, 2025, Maisoon Faris, Kahlen Coss, Kevin Yang, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Environment

This fact sheet presents data published by Climate Central on the change in average annual temperatures for the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah and 15 Mountain West cities from 1970 to 2025. City-level data are derived from Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) operated by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), state-level data are derived from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).

Studying Electromagnetic Wave Scattering From Small Dielectric Particles Using Neural Networks, Bryan Taylan, Patrick Corzo, Chris Velissaris, Theodoros Panagiotakopoulos

Undergraduate Scholarship and Creative Works

Physics-informed neural networks solve the Helmholtz equation without labeled data, but a low residual alone does not confirm that a solution preserves the physical distinction a downstream task depends on. We trained a four-layer SIREN with physics-based residuals, a Sommerfeld condition, Adam, and L-BFGS, modeling a Gaussian source and a plane wave scattering from a small dielectric inclusion. Fine-tuning from four base models produced 600 complex fields spanning omega = 4 to 20. A compact CNN, three ResNet-18 variants, and a frozen OpenCLIP encoder classified these fields under five random seeds. The CNN achieved (95.65 +/- 0.77)% accuracy, outperforming OpenCLIP …

2026 September 3 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

Microwave Thermal Pre-Treatment To Improve Nickel Extraction From Lateritic Ore, Johana Borda, Daniel Sosa, Robinson Torres

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Two heat treatment processes for a nickeliferous laterite sample are presented, one by the conventional muffle route and the other by microwave. The heating was carried out in order to improve the dissolution of nickel in an acid medium. The study describes the changes observed in the mineral for the increase in temperature as a consequence of radiation in the microwave and in the muffle. The changes in the mineral crystalline phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The leaching media consisted of a 1 M sulfuric acid solution at ambient conditions for 7 h. The interaction between the reagent and …

On The Existence, Uniqueness And Stability Of Solutions Of Sdes With State-Dependent Variable Exponent, Mustafa Avci

Journal of Stochastic Analysis

We study a time-inhomogeneous nonlinear SDE with drift and diffusion governed by state-dependent variable exponents. This framework generalizes models like the geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and the constant elasticity of variance (CEV), offering flexibility to capture complex dynamics while posing analytical challenges. Using a fixed-point approach, we prove existence and uniqueness, analyze higher-order moments, derive asymptotic estimates, and assess stability. Finally, we illustrate an application where Poisson’s equation admits a probabilistic representation via a timehomogeneous nonlinear SDE with state-dependent variable exponents.

Companion Matrices Associated To Stochastic Matrices, Andreas Boukas, Philip Feinsilver

Journal of Stochastic Analysis

Starting with a stochastic matrix, we study the behavior of powers of an associated companion matrix, which has the same characteristic polynomial as the original matrix. In general the companion matrix will have negative entries while maintaining rowsums equal to 1. We will find the growth rate even if the Ces`aro limit of the sums of the companion matrix diverge. Surprisingly, in the irreducible aperiodic case the powers of the companion matrix will converge even though the norm of the matrix exceeds 1 and it has possibly negative entries.

Z+-Valued Additive Processes In Law With Nonnegative Increments, Nadjib Bouzar

Journal of Stochastic Analysis

The goal of this article is to study in depth the subclass of Z+- valued additive processes in law with nonnegative increments. We establish key distributional properties of these processes and obtain some existence results under a variety of conditions. We show that they form a subclass of the family of inhomogeneous Markov chains with spatial homogeneity. We extend the notion of factoring introduced by Sato (2004, [9]) for Rd-valued additive processes in law to their Z+-valued counterparts with nonnegative increments. We give a sufficient condition for the existence of a factoring for these processes. Lastly, we obtain their representation …

"Our Heritage From The People", William Lindsey Mcdonald

Writings

A lecture presented to a history seminar at the University of North Alabama in March of 1979. The lecture addresses the geography and geology of North Alabama, removal of indigenous people, cultural influence of settlers, and development of the Tennessee Valley into contemporary settlements.

Motivating Second-Order Differential Equation Models Beyond The Spring–Mass System, Katherine E. Rutherford, John C. Borger

CODEE Journal

Students in introductory differential equations courses often learn to associate specific equation types with familiar physical systems. While this approach supports procedural fluency, it can inhibit transfer learning: students recognize familiar forms rather than construct models from first principles. This paper presents a modeling-first instructional approach designed to help students recognize the shared structure of second-order differential equations across diverse contexts. Students derive governing equations from fundamental physical laws for multiple systems, including an Inductor, Resistor, and Capacitor (LRC) electrical circuit, a simple pendulum, and viscous pipe flow. Through guided comparison, students identify common components such as inertia, damping, restoring …

The Colorado River Water Supply Crisis In A Few Graphs: Part 2 Agricultural Water Use In The Lower Basin, Jack Schmidt, Anne Castle, Eric Kuhn, Kathryn Sorensen, Katherine Tara

The Traveling Wilburys of the Colorado River

Reductions in Lower Basin water use during the last four years, including

forecast use in 2026, are similar to the initial targets for Lower Basin shortages

described in the Final Environmental Impact Statement for Post-2026

Operational Guidelines and Strategies for Lake Powell and Lake Mead (FEIS)

and the accompanying Record of Decision (ROD).

6 Lower Basin consumptive

use in 2023, 2024, and 2025, and forecast for 2026 has been the smallest for

the entire 2010-2026 period. These four years of smallest use are between 1.4

and 1.7 million acre feet/year (maf/yr) less than the 7.50 maf/yr amount

generally recognized as …