Pilot Certification: Converting A Historical Framework To Digital Data Utilization,
2011
Wright State University
Pilot Certification: Converting A Historical Framework To Digital Data Utilization, Matthew J. Baranowski, Brian G. Dillman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Pilot certification relies on a single subjective flight exam to determine competency and safety. Evidence-based evaluation of an airman’s historical flight performance through flight recorder data may offer increased validity and reliability in training and in certification. This study examined commercial pilot students (N=13) training in Cirrus SR-20 aircraft in a collegiate flight training program. Each student’s performance of the steep turns maneuver before, during, and after a flight exam using digital flight recorder data was correlated with each other to examine the validity of single evaluation flight exams. The results indicate that each student’s average historical performance before a …
Airspace Deconfliction For Uas Operations,
2011
Wright State University
Airspace Deconfliction For Uas Operations, Lisa Fern, Susan R. Flaherty, Robert J. Shively, Terry S. Turpin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Increased use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in combat zones has put mounting pressure on airspace operations. Interviews were conducted with military helicopter pilots, air traffic controllers, and UAS operators to better understand the current concept of operations for managing potential conflict between manned and unmanned aircraft during combat operations. Interviews with the UAS operators revealed limited situation awareness of the low altitude airspace picture. To address these issues, a graphical airspace display with basic conflict detection and alerting logic was developed. In simulation, this display was compared with a baseline textual display, derived from current operations as identified during …
Preliminary Program Assessment For Attracting Physically Disabled Individuals To Aviation,
2011
Wright State University
Preliminary Program Assessment For Attracting Physically Disabled Individuals To Aviation, Erin E. Bowen, Bernie Wulle, Michael E. Jednachowski
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Developing effective aircraft piloting skills takes years of training with qualified experts to meet and exceed flight certification requirements. Not everyone who desires to can reach those standards, and the challenge is even greater for those with physical disabilities who desire to learn to fly. While considered uncommon, there are opportunities that seek to modify aircraft and train physically impaired students to be pilots. However, little research has been done on whether there also needs to be modification in the approach of flight and ground instructors when training impaired students. The present study presents preliminary findings of a qualitative study …
Towards Integrating Traffic And Terrain Constraints Into A Vertical Situation Display,
2011
Wright State University
Towards Integrating Traffic And Terrain Constraints Into A Vertical Situation Display, C. Borst, P. Rijneveld, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Future airspace operations will allow flight crews to plan and fly their own preferred route and time of arrival without much intervention from air traffic control. Thereby, pilots will become more responsible for planning their own route while maintaining safe separations from traffic and/or terrain. This demands for strategic and tactical planning tools that supports pilots in these tasks. The work in this paper focuses on supporting the airborne separation assurance task in the vertical plane by means of portraying traffic and terrain conflict zones onto an enhanced Vertical Situation Display. In a simulator evaluation the experimental display was compared …
Perceptions Of Gender-Related Pilot Behavior,
2011
Wright State University
Perceptions Of Gender-Related Pilot Behavior, Rosemarie Reynolds, Alexandru Milut, Joshua Hirschheimer, Bridget Cox, Bojan Milenkovic, Wangyang Xu
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
An online version of the 34-question Aviation Gender Attitude Questionnaire (AGAQ) was administered to 113 Federal Aviation Administration-certificated pilots. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in perceptions of female pilots was found between male and female pilots, with male pilots viewing female pilots’ flying proficiency, flight confidence and standards more negatively than did female pilots. These perceptions were not moderated by age, experience, or opportunities to fly with female pilots. Our findings replicated previous findings in South Africa, Australia, Norway, and South America. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for female pilots, and training implications for both genders.
Effects Of Commuting On Crewmember Fatigue: A Comprehensive Study In Support Of Risk Management,
2011
Wright State University
Effects Of Commuting On Crewmember Fatigue: A Comprehensive Study In Support Of Risk Management, Lori J. Brown, Geoff Whitehurst
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The need to reduce accidents and incidents caused by human fatigue in the aviation industry remains on the National Transportation Safety Boards’ (NTSB), most wanted list. At many airlines, crewmembers are forced to work to the point of exhaustion because of: poorly scheduled duty time; lengthened duty days; minimum scheduled rest requirements; working the backside of the clock, multiple short-haul legs; and long commutes to work. Although, commuting, in the context of aviation, has yet to be defined, the U.S. Census Bureau defines an ‘extreme commute’ as a travel 90 minutes or more, each way to work. Americans who endure …
Reducing Pathological Stress Effects And Increasing Pilot Performance During Unexpected In-Flight Events.,
2011
Wright State University
Reducing Pathological Stress Effects And Increasing Pilot Performance During Unexpected In-Flight Events., Wayne L. Martin, Patrick S. Murray, Paul R. Bates
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The inherent reliability of the modern aircraft means pilots rarely experience actual emergencies, or novel, unexpected events. When events do occur, increased arousal levels may have pathological effects on pilots’ abilities to deal optimally with the situation, leading to increased likelihood of undesired aircraft states. Amygdala based appraisals of unexpected events may cause over-arousal through lack of expectation, lack of previous experience of such events (either directly or vicariously), and through poor individual perceptions of the ability to handle such events. Routine discussion of novel or emergency events widens pilots’ event knowledge database and raises expectation of event occurrence. Individual …
Vibrotactile 'On Thigh' Alerting System In The Cockpit?,
2011
Wright State University
Vibrotactile 'On Thigh' Alerting System In The Cockpit?, Shira Yosef, Yael Salzer, Tal Oron-Gilad
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
The objective of this research was to examine the utility of a novel placement for a vibrotactile display in the cockpit. This objective was pursued in stages through a number of research phases, here we report on the final phase concerning the benefit of the vibrotactile display in a visually loaded environment. Results support placing a directional alerting vibrotactile display on the thigh of a seated operator.
Applying Principles Of Music Scene Analysis To Synchronous Auditory Warning Signals,
2011
Wright State University
Applying Principles Of Music Scene Analysis To Synchronous Auditory Warning Signals, Matthew J. Davis
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
In emergency situations pilots are often presented with the difficult task of distinguishing between simultaneous auditory warning signals, each with varying levels of importance. This inability to effectively discriminate between synchronous warnings can lead the pilot to ignore certain signals, to misinterpret them, or to be simply unaware of their presence. The creation of signals that could be easily construed and distinguished from other simultaneous signals would not only be desirable but would also contribute to increased situational awareness and better decision-making during emergencies.
Peripherally-Located Virtual Instrument Landing Displays,
2011
Wright State University
Peripherally-Located Virtual Instrument Landing Displays, Nathan Bulkley, Zachary Spielman, Brian P. Dyre
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
We examined how the location and spatial extent of a peripherally-located virtual instrument landing system (ILS) head-up display (HUD) affects landing precision. Our experiment compared three spatial formats of a peripherally-located virtual ILS HUD: a) a large-format display located within rectangular regions defined relative to the center of the HUD, with the lateral flight indicator subtending +/-5 to 62.5° by +/-0 to 16.875° (HxV) and the vertical flight command indicator subtending +/-0 to 45° by +/-6.875 to 16.875° (HxV); b) near-peripheral displays comprised of roughly the inner half of the large format display; and c) far-peripheral displays, comprised of the …
Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control,
2011
Wright State University
Portraying The Passage Of Time In A Timeline Interface For Supervisory Control, Terry Stanard, Patrick Dudenhofer, Sarah Spriggs, Gloria Calhoun, Lamar Warfield, Heath Ruff
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Timeline displays are a promising user interface concept for supervising multiple unmanned vehicles. The essentials of a timeline display include a timescale, current time indicator, and lines overlaid with symbology to represent the duration and timing of events such as refueling, transit to destinations, and mission durations. Little research has investigated alternatives to portraying time and events. The present study investigated two ways to portray the passage of time: a moving timeline with a stationary current-time indicator, and a stationary timeline with a moving currenttime indicator. Participants viewed videos of dynamic timelines portraying the passage of time these two ways, …
A Video Prototyping Methodology For Evaluating Novel Interface Concepts In Cockpit Displays,
2011
Wright State University
A Video Prototyping Methodology For Evaluating Novel Interface Concepts In Cockpit Displays, Paul Mckay, Stacey D. Scott, Jonathan M. Histon, Gerard L. Torenvliet
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Modern cockpit displays contain a multitude of complex information sources. Integrating new interface concepts into an existing cockpit display to produce a high-fidelity prototype suitable for user testing can be extremely time-consuming. Discount prototyping methodologies are needed to enable user testing at earlier stages of the design cycle to ensure appropriate changes occur and high quality interfaces result. Video prototyping can provide a useful step between low-fidelity, static prototypes and higher-fidelity software prototypes. However, existing video prototyping methods are designed to elicit user feedback on design concepts. While user feedback is important to the adoption of aviation interfaces, it is …
Similar Accidents: Lessons Learned? Countermeasures!,
2011
Wright State University
Similar Accidents: Lessons Learned? Countermeasures!, Ronald John Lofaro Phd, Captain Kevin M. Smith
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
All-too-many accidents in the past decade have major similarities. Yet, we continue to have these accidents. Are there countermeasures to reduce the risks of similar (or non-similar) accidents ? We propose a differing view of accident causation that can lend itself to preventing future accidents and uncovering more generalizable causes. Many accident reports fall back on the standard panacea for accident prevention: training. Training is a large part of the answer in accident prevention, but only very specialized, focused decision performance training with rigorous evaluation. We will show a template for such training and evaluation as another countermeasure, one that …
Sleep Deprivation Effects On Cognitive Performance,
2011
Wright State University
Sleep Deprivation Effects On Cognitive Performance, H.-J. Hoermann, M. Steinmann, T. Uken, E.-M. Elmenhorst
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
An experimental sleep deprivation study has been launched at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in order to determine effects of varying degrees of sleepiness and alcohol on cognitive performance. A total of 48 subjects in cohorts of eight subjects each will stay for twelve consecutive days and nights in the AMSAN sleep laboratory in Cologne. During their stay in the laboratory, subjects are deprived of sleep in a successive manner totally and partially. In addition, on one day they are exposed to moderate alcohol levels. In between the interventions two recovery days are provided per design. A short test-battery of …
A Factor-Analytical Perspective Of Sopite Syndrome Assessment In Aerospace Systems,
2011
Wright State University
A Factor-Analytical Perspective Of Sopite Syndrome Assessment In Aerospace Systems, J. Christopher Brill, Brittany N. Neilson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Aerospace systems require pilots to perform complex tasks under demanding conditions. There is an unrecognized component, which has deleterious effects on human performance, called sopite syndrome. Sopite syndrome is characterized by intense drowsiness despite receiving an adequate night’s rest, difficulty concentrating, and lack of motivation. Currently, sopite syndrome is measured exclusively by a 39-item self-report questionnaire called the Mild Motion Questionnaire (MMQ). The purpose of the present research is to develop a shortform for the MMQ that can be used for quick assessments in applied settings, while maintaining internal consistency. Participants (N = 422) completed the MMQ by indicating how …
A Large Scale Validation Study On Air Traffic Controller Selection And Training – Design, Challenges And Results,
2011
Wright State University
A Large Scale Validation Study On Air Traffic Controller Selection And Training – Design, Challenges And Results, Kristin Conzelmann, Alexander Heintz, Hinnerk Eißfeldt
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A validation study with 476 air traffic controller trainees of DFS German Air Navigation Services has been set up, encompassing the complete data from the selection of candidates to the completion of their training. The design includes a detailed coding of interview contents, questionnaire data, and results of the reference sample of 13,716 applicants. Data analysis involves the prediction of training success, training performance, and trainees’ personal evaluation of the selection and training process. The success rate of 81 % was satisfactory. Selection measures were adequate to predict pass-fail and performance criteria from institutional training (i.e., theoretical exams). Basic ability …
Human Perception Of Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anticollision Lighting,
2011
Wright State University
Human Perception Of Flashing Light Emitting Diodes For Aircraft Anticollision Lighting, Chris Yakopcic, John Puttmann, Benjamin R. Kunz, Mark Holleran, Brandon Wingeier, Ali Hashemi, Kenneth Stapp
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have the potential to replace incandescent bulbs currently used in aircraft anti-collision lighting. LEDs require less power to operate, and possess the ability to flash without the addition of moving parts. Compared to incandescent bulbs, however, LEDs yield a slightly different spectral output and a different intensity profile when flashing. The impact of these differences on the viewer’s ability to detect the light was examined to determine if LEDs can successfully replace incandescent bulbs on aircrafts and runways. Using an automated system to drive an LED with variable intensity and duration, the light source was displayed …
Improving Human Factors Training: Perceptions Of Retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians,
2011
Wright State University
Improving Human Factors Training: Perceptions Of Retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians, Kim Wayne Robinson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Human Factors training is a major concern for airlines and Maintenance Repair Organizations. This study taps into the reservoir of knowledge and experience of retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMTs) with respect to aviation maintenance human factors. A survey was given to retired AMTs with 20-30 years of maintenance experience to rank the relative importance of each of the FAA’s Dirty Dozen of human factors in maintenance accidents. Follow-up focus groups were conducted to further explore recommendations on how to prevent human factor accidents related to maintenance. This paper discusses the findings from the original survey and preliminary findings from the …
Vigilance Decrements In A Sustained Attention Task: Examination Of A Mitigation Strategy,
2011
Wright State University
Vigilance Decrements In A Sustained Attention Task: Examination Of A Mitigation Strategy, Guy A. French, Thomas R. Carretta, John K. Flach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of perceptual and cognitive intervention tasks on mitigating vigilance decrements commonly observed in sustained attention tasks. Sixteen participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental intervention conditions (perceptual or cognitive). Half of the participants completed a 45-minute “No Intervention” Control trial first, followed by one of the Intervention trials, also 45 minutes. The other half completed one of the Intervention trials first, followed by the No intervention trial. Following each trial, participants completed the SSSQ and the NASA TLX. As expected, a general decrease in objective performance over time was observed. …
Student And Instructor Perceptions Of Training In A Technologically Advanced Aircraft,
2011
Wright State University
Student And Instructor Perceptions Of Training In A Technologically Advanced Aircraft, Scott R. Winter, Richard O. Fanjoy
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011
Technologically advanced aircraft (TAA) are defined as those with enhancements such as digital cockpit displays, GPS navigation, moving maps, and autopilots. Many flight-training programs are currently transitioning to such aircraft to more fully prepare their students for commercial flight operations. The technology of modern digitally instrumented training aircraft is similar to that found in advanced commercial aircraft. Students and instructors who operate TAA can provide valuable insight into the process of transitioning from analog to digitally equipped training aircraft. A sample of 216 students and instructors, from a collegiate flight-training program that recently converted from analog instrumented aircraft to the …
