Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Exploring The Effects Of Different Types Of Diets On Preventing And Managing Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Ma. Patricia Diorel Peig

Nursing | Senior Theses

Diabetes is a major health problem that is becoming an epidemic in major countries of the world. Diabetes can affect people of all ages and of all races. However, there is a higher risk of developing diabetes for certain groups of people. As of today, there is still no cure for diabetes. The treatment plan for patients diagnosed with diabetes is to control the level of blood glucose through different interventions. The progression of diabetes is influenced by food behaviors, and diet control is an important aspect of management of this disease. There are different types of diet recommended that …

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Informed Decision-Making On Primiparous Women During The Birthing Process, Morgan R. Fillipo

Nursing | Senior Theses

Childbirth is a very intense and vulnerable experience, especially for first-time mothers. Across the globe, the prevalence of traumatic and unsatisfying births has become an increasingly troublesome issue for women. There is extensive evidence of maltreatment, and a large portion of the problem has to do with the client’s medical team. To combat this dilemma, the best course of action would be to prepare women for this possibility by increasing the client’s self-efficacy and decision-making abilities. Self-efficacy, also known as confidence in one’s skills, is an important trait to have when it comes to patients being able to advocate for …

Growing Into The Nursing Role: Exploring The Challenges New Nurses Face And How Residency Programs Address These Problems, Jan Ashley Escosio

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: The first year of nursing practice is filled with growth and anxiety. Novice nurses face many challenges. A high turnover rate for new nurses creates a need for this issue to be addressed. New nurse residency programs may ensure nurses remain available to meet the community’s needs.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to understand challenges new nurses face and how residency programs can address them. Two questions guiding the research are:

• What are the challenges new nurses face during their transition to practice (TTP)?
• How do New Graduate Nurse Residency Programs address these problems to shape confident …

Prescription Opioid Misuse And Addiction: Healthcare’S Contribution To The Opioid Epidemic And What Can Be Done About It, Emily Larsen, Katrina Ecke

Nursing | Senior Theses

Up to one in four patients undergoing prolonged opioid therapy in a primary care setting battle opioid addiction. In 2020, the CDC found that more than 16,000 deaths involving prescription opioids (limited to natural and semi-synthetic opioids and methadone) had occurred, which is equivalent to about 45 deaths per day. Opioid overdose death can be identified through three distinct waves; increased prescribing of opioids in the 1990’s began the first wave, the beginning of the second wave came in 2010 with a rapid increase in heroin related overdose deaths, and in 2013 the third wave began with a significant increase …

Barriers To Obtaining Healthcare In The United States, Nikita Laungani

Nursing | Senior Theses

One barrier to obtaining healthcare in the United States (U.S.) has been the type of healthcare insurance that someone has. It is important for nurses to understand the impact of the patient’s access to care, which is a factor in their health outcomes. Health insurance, race and ethnicity, income, and zip code are at the top of a long list of social determinants of health that affects where and how they receive care. To find out more about how barriers to obtaining healthcare affect outcomes, I researched various types of barriers around the country. It is important to understand how …

Using Family Focused-Care Solutions To Improve Child’S Quality Of Life, Joshua M. Del Sol

Nursing | Senior Theses

Chronic illness in children impacts not only themselves but their families too. Everyone in the family supports each other and provides each other with pretty much all our physiological needs including our emotional needs. Parents/caregivers are the role models for their young children and really shape the person they become because basic values and their early relationships are formed. A family provides that consistent balance in our life that is the center of our life at a young age. When children are diagnosed with a chronic illness, parents may feel responsible, ashamed, guilty, or angry. Families may turn on each …

Retinopathy: Reducing The Risk For Patients With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Jasmyn Mei

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background In our modern environment, diabetes has become a significant public health issue. It is estimated that there are currently 537 million diabetics living in the world. According to those predictions, there will be about 783 million diabetics worldwide by 2045. With the effects of rapid lifestyle changes and urbanization, there is a rising tendency in the prevalence of diabetes and its consequences, such as retinopathy. Moreover, diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of avoidable blindness.

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there is a relationship between early education and health outcomes in regards to retinopathy. …

Nonlinear Relationships Between The Environment And Health, Levi N. Bonnell

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Relationships between the environment and health outcomes are complex and likely nonlinear in nature. However, until recently, most studies used ordinary linear regression to model these relationships. The overall goal of this research was to investigate nonlinear relationships between the environment and health. To accomplish this goal, we used several large, national datasets across varying populations and local environments.

Destination accessibility is an important measure of the built environment that is associated with active transport and body mass index (BMI). In the first study, we sought to determine the relationship between the density of nonresidential destinations (a proxy for walkability) …

Needs Assessment For Faculty Development In Health Professions Education At A Medical University In Karachi, Pakistan, Tabassum Zehra, Sana Saeed, Rahila Ali, Amber Sultan, Areeba Hussain

Department for Educational Development

Faculty Development (FD) embraces all educational activities used by teachers to improve their knowledge and skills for enhancing their academic competencies. This study aimed to identify the areas in Health Professions Education (HPE) in which formal faculty development is required. A needs assessment survey was conducted from among the faculty members at the Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, Pakistan, and the French Medical Institute for Mother and Children, Afghanistan. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 and reported frequencies and percentages according to various academic tracks. Competency-based curricula (51%), providing effective feedback (51%), developing Objective Structured Clinical Exam (51%), and clinical …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Different Cut-Off Values Of Adenosine Deaminase Levels In Tuberculous Pleural Effusion, Kiran Iqbal Masood, Shayan Shahid, Kauser Jabeen, Joveria Farooqi, Sabeika Raza Kerawala, Muhammad Irfan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of different cut-off values of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase levels as a diagnostic method for tuberculous pleural effusion.
Method: The prospective study was conducted from 2014 to 2016 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised pleural fluid samples of adult patients with and without tuberculosis which were tested for adenosine deaminase levels, and divided into tuberculosis group A and non-tuberculosis group B. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were calculated using different cut-offs. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, …

Assessing The Validity Of Admission Test Into The Internship Programme At A Private University In Pakistan, Qamar Riaz, Naveed Yousuf, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Department for Educational Development

Objective: To report the development and validity assessment of a comprehensive model of assessment method comprising written test and multiple mini interviews for selection in a medical internship programme.
Method: The psychometric validation study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, and comprised anonymised scores of written admission test, multiple mini interviews and exit written exams for all the interns who completed their internships in 2018 and 2019. Correlation between admission and exit tests, and predictions were assessed. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: There were 160 interns; 80(50%) each in 2018 and 2019. Mean scores were …

Direct Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty In Open Angle Glaucoma Study Design: A Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled, Investigator-Masked Trial (Glaurious), Nathan Congdon, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Yoram Solberg, Carlo E Traverso, Michele Iester, Carlo Alberto Cutolo, Alessandro Bagnis, Tin Aung, Scott J Fudemberg, Richard Lindstrom, Thomas Samuelson, Kuldev Singh, Eytan Z Blumenthal, Gus Gazzard, Glaurious Study Group

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Introduction: Laser trabeculoplasty is an effective and widely used treatment for glaucoma. A new laser technology, the Eagle direct selective laser trabeculoplasty (DSLT) device, may provide automated, fast, simple, safe and effective laser treatment for glaucoma in a broader range of clinical settings. This trial aims to test the hypothesis that translimbal DSLT is effective and not inferior to selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in open angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods and analysis: This is a multicentre, randomised, controlled, investigator-masked study. The primary efficacy outcome is intergroup difference in mean change from baseline IOP measured at 6 …

Nutritional Management Of The Infant With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 2-5 And On Dialysis., Vanessa Shaw, Caroline Anderson, An Desloovere, Larry A. Greenbaum, Dieter Haffner, Christina L. Nelms, Fabio Paglialonga, Nonnie Polderman, Leila Qizalbash, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Stella Stabouli, Jetta Tuokkola, Johan Vande Walle, Bradley A. Warady, Rukshana Shroff

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The nutritional management of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is of prime importance in meeting the challenge of maintaining normal growth and development in this population. The objective of this review is to integrate the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce clinical practice recommendations for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis, as they relate to the infant from full term birth up to 1 year of age, for healthcare professionals, including dietitians, physicians, and nurses. It addresses nutritional assessment, energy and protein requirements, delivery of the nutritional prescription, and necessary dietary modifications in the case of abnormal serum levels …

A Mathematical Model Of Juvenile Delinquency In The New York State, Oluwasegun Micheal Ibrahim

Articles

This report presents a mathematical model of juvenile delinquency in the New York State. In particular, we develop a juvenile delinquency system of non-linear differential equations using the mathematical epidemiology framework. In constructing this model, we assume that juvenile delinquency can be studied as a socially infectious disease. The stability of the juvenile delinquency-free equilibrium of the model is examined using the standard non-linear dynamical systems theory technique. We carried out a data fitting based on real-life data from the New York State Criminal Justice Services. The research result reveals that the formulated model conforms with the available data and …

The Scoop, Vol. 9 Issue 10, January 2023, Health Sciences Library

Volume 9

Latest news and updates from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for January 2023.

Active Nursing Research Studies As Of 1-2023 (Study Summaries), Lindy Bilimek Msn, Agcns-Bc, Danielle Payne , Msn, Bsbio, Rn, Jennifer Esslinger Bsn, Rn, Cfrn, Ctrn, Kellie Girardot Msn, Rn, Rebecca S. Mahuren, Erin Lacross Dnp, Rn, Nea-Bc, Cenp, Andrea D. Conley Msn, Rn, Agcns-Bc, Mscrn, Brooke Randol Msn, Rn, Agcns-Bc, Cmsrn, Cws

Nursing Active Studies

Validation of an evidence-based, nurse-designed fall risk assessment tool: Study 2

Validation of an evidence-based, nurse-designed fall risk assessment tool.

Lindy Bilimek MSN, RN, AGCNS-BC

Nursing and Support Staff Perceptions of Inpatient MyChart Utilization.

Influence of Music Therapy on Length of Stay in Surgical Patients.

Danielle Payne BSBio, MSN, RN, FNP-BC

Effect of Warming IV Fluids During MICU Transport on Patient Comfort and Temperature.

Jennifer Esslinger BSN, RN, CFRN, CTRN

Evaluation of a COVID Mobility Team.

Kelly Girardot Kellie Girardot MSN, RN, AGCNS-BC

Data-based Program Management of System-Wide IV Smart Pump Integration.

Rebecca Mahuren BSN, RN

Assessment of Nurse Perceptions …

Testing For Homologous Recombination Repair Or Homologous Recombination Deficiency For Poly (Adp-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors: A Current Perspective, Thomas J Herzog, Ignace Vergote, Leonard G Gomella, Tsveta Milenkova, Tim French, Raffi Tonikian, Christian Poehlein, Maha Hussain

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have demonstrated clinical activity in patients with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutated breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Notably, BRCA mutations are associated with defects in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. This homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) phenotype can also be observed as genomic instability in tumour cells. Accordingly, PARPi sensitivity has been observed in various tumours with HRD, independent of BRCA mutations. Currently, four PARPis are approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of cancer across multiple tumour types. Most indications are specific to tumours with a confirmed BRCA mutation, mutations in other HRR-related genes, …

Feasibility Of And Experience Using A Portable Mri Scanner In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit., Maura Sien, Amie L. Robinson, Houchun H. Hu, Christopher R. Nitkin, Ara Hall, Marcie G. Files, Nathan S. Artz, John T. Pitts, Sherwin S. Chan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: A portable, low-field MRI system is now Food and Drug Administration cleared and has been shown to be safe and useful in adult intensive care unit settings. No neonatal studies have been performed. The objective is to assess our preliminary experience and assess feasibility of using the portable MRI system at the bedside in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a quaternary children's hospital.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a single-site prospective cohort study in neonates ≥2 kg conducted between October and December 2020. All parents provided informed consent. Neonates underwent portable MRI examination in the NICU with support …

Altered Stories, Altered Lives: An Exploration Of Post Traumatic Growth From A Narrative Perspective With A Strengths Based Focus, Andrea Jones

Art Therapy | Master's Theses

Complex trauma is prevalent, underrecognized, and difficult to treat. Left untreated, the ongoing negative consequences impact individuals, families and society. Literature indicates traditional modes of treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder have high attrition rates and are ineffective for approximately 30% of clients (Schouten et al., 2018). Art Therapy provides the opportunity to offer effective, well tolerated treatment for ongoing adverse consequences of trauma symptoms and recontextualization of the trauma due to the highly nonverbal nature of trauma memory (Hass-Cohen et al., 2014). A nested mixed methods design (Neubauer et al., 2019) combining arts-based research with pre and posttest survey analysis …

Exploring The Connection Between Social Media & Body-Image And The Impact Of Art Therapy Interventions On A Woman’S Self-Esteem, Courtney Engelhardt

Art Therapy | Master's Theses

This current study desired to illuminate the connection between social media and body image, as well as determining if art therapy interventions may impact a woman’s self-esteem. An individual’s body-image and self-esteem are very much correlated, as both concepts directly influence one another. Fourteen participants were recruited through social media after meeting the qualifications: being eighteen years old and/or older, identifying as a woman, and being active on social media. A mixed-methods research design was utilized for this research using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative data was obtained through semi structured interviews, participant’s artwork, and reflections on their art. …