Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons^™

Amygdala And Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Responses To Appearance-Based And Behavior-Based Person Impressions., Sean Baron, M Gobinni, Andrew Engell, Alex Todorov

Andrew Engell

Distributed Representations Of Dynamic Facial Expressions In The Superior Temporal Sulcus., Chris Said, Chris Moore, Andrew Engell, Alex Todroov, James Haxby

Andrew Engell

Influence Of Perinatal Exposure To A Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixture On Learning And Memory, Hippocampal Size, And Estrogen Receptor-Beta Expression, Howard Cromwell

Howard Casey Cromwell

Abstract. Perinatal exposure to PCB has been reported to cause a variety of health effects including endocrine disruption, and immunologic, reproductive, neurologic, and behavioral deficits. In the present study, a mixture of two PCB congeners, one non-coplanar (PCB 47) and one coplanar (PCB 77), were administered to young female Sprague-Dawley rats by route of maternal dietary consumption (either 12.5 ppm or 25.0 ppm, w/w). Impact on learning and memory were examined by radial arm maze on postnatal day 24-27. After behavioral tests were completed, the rats were transcardially perfused, and brains were excised. Immunohistochemistry for ER- β was carried out …

Ganaxolone Suppression Of Behavioral And Electrographic Seizures In The Mouse Amygdala Kindling Model, Doodipala S. Reddy, Michael A. Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

Ganaxolone (3alpha-hydroxy-3alpha-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), a synthetic analog of the endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone and a positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors, may represent a new treatment approach for epilepsy. Here we demonstrate that pretreatment with ganaxolone (1.25—20 mg/kg, s.c.) causes a dose-dependent suppression of behavioral and electrographic seizures in fully amygdala-kindled female mice, with nearly complete seizure protection at the highest dose tested. The ED50 for suppression of behavioral seizures was 6.6 mg/kg. The seizure suppression produced by ganaxolone was comparable to that of clonazepam (ED50, 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.). To the extent that amygdala kindling represents a model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, …

Functional Organization Of A Neural Network For Aversive Olfactory Learning In Caenorhabditis Elegans, H Ha, M Hendricks, Y Shen, C V. Gabel, Christopher Fang-Yen, Y Qin, D Colon-Ramos, K Shen, A D.T. Samuel

Christopher Fang-Yen

No abstract provided.

Cortical Underconnectivity Coupled With Preserved Visuospatial Cognition In Autism: Evidence From An Fmri Study Of An Embedded Figures Task, Saudamini Damarla, Timothy A. Keller, Rajesh K. Kana, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Diane L. Williams, Nancy J. Minshew, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Neurosteroids On The Epilepsy Chessboard — Keeping Seizures In Check, Michael A. Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

No abstract provided.

Treatment Of Early And Late Kainic-Acid Induced Status Epilepticus With The Non-Competitive Ampa Receptor Antagonist Gyki 52466, Brita Fritsch, Jeffrey J. Stott, J. Joelle Donofrio, Michael A. Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

Purpose: Benzodiazepines such as diazepam may fail to effectively treat status epilepticus because benzodiazepine-sensitive GABA-A receptors are internalized progressively with continued seizure activity. Ionotropic glutamate receptors, including AMPA receptors, are externalized, so that AMPA receptor antagonists, which are broad-spectrum anticonvulsants, could be more effective treatments for satus epilepticus. We assessed the ability of the non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 to protect against kainic acid-induced status epilepticus in mice. Methods: Groups of animals treated with kainic acid received GYKI 52466 (50 mg/kg followed in 15 min by 50 mg/kg) or diazepam (25 mg/kg followed in 20 min by 12.5 mg/kg) …

Anticonvulsant And Proconvulsant Actions Of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose, Maciej Gasior, Jessica Yankura, Adam L. Hartman, Amy French, Michael A. Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

Purpose: 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog that accumulates in cells and interferes with carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting glycolytic enzymes, has anticonvulsant actions. Recognizing that severe glucose deprivation can induce seizures, we sought to determine whether acute treatment with 2-DG can promote seizure susceptibility by assessing its effects on seizure threshold. For comparison, we studied 3-methyl-glucose (3-MG), which like 2-DG accumulates in cells and reduces glucose uptake, but does not inhibit glycolysis. Methods: Mice were treated with 2-DG or 3-MG and the seizure threshold determined in the 6-Hz test, the mouse electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test, and the intravenous pentylenetetrazol (i.v. …

Neurodynamics Of An Election, Armando F. Rocha, Fabio T. Rocha, Marcelo N. Burattini, Eduardo Massad

Armando F Rocha

Variables influencing decision-making in real settings, as in the case of voting decisions, are uncontrollable and in many times even unknown to the experimenter. In this case, the experimenter has to study the intention to decide (vote) as close as possible in time to the moment of the real decision (election day). Here, we investigated the brain activity associated with the voting intention declared 1 week before the election day of the Brazilian Firearms Control Referendum about prohibiting the commerce of firearms. Two alliances arose in the Congress to run the campaigns for YES (for the prohibition of firearm commerce) …

Perinatal Exposure To Polychlorinated Biphenyls Alters Social Behaviors In Rats, Howard C. Cromwell

Howard Casey Cromwell

Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) leads to significant alterations of neural and hormonal systems. These alterations have been shown to impair motor and sensory development. Less is known about the influence of PCB exposure on developing emotional and motivational systems involved in social interactions and social learning. The present study examined the impact of perinatal PCB exposure (mixture of congeners 47 and 77) on social recognition in juvenile animals, conspecific-directed investigation in adults and on neural and hormonal systems involved in social functions. We used a standard habituation–dishabituation paradigm to evaluate juvenile recognition and a social port paradigm to …

Navigational Decision-Making In Drosophila Thermotaxis, L Luo, M Gershow, M Rosenzweig, K Kang, Christopher Fang-Yen, P Garrity, A D T Samuel

Christopher Fang-Yen

No abstract provided.

Reason And Desire: The Case Of Affective Desires, Attila Tanyi

Attila Tanyi

The paper begins with an objection to the Desire-Based Reasons Model. The argument from reason-based desires holds that since desires are based on reasons (first premise), which they transmit but to which they cannot add (second premise), they cannot themselves provide reasons for action. In the paper I investigate an attack that has recently been launched against the first premise of this argument by Ruth Chang. Chang invokes a counterexample: affective desires. The aim of the paper is to see if there is a way to accommodate the counterexample to the first premise. I investigate three strategies. I first deal …

A Neurosemantic Theory Of Concrete Noun Representation Based On The Underlying Brain Codes, Marcel Adam Just, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Sandesh Aryal, Tom M. Mitchell

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.