Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Improving Networking Supports For Women In The Workplace, Karen E. Pennesi, Javier Alvarez Vandeputte, Zsofia Agoston, Rawand Amsdr

Anthropology Publications

This report describes findings from research on networking activities and strategies among women in executive and leadership positions in Canadian organizations. The project was carried out by graduate student researchers in collaboration with the Women's Executive Network. Networking is defined as the creation and maintenance of a community of diverse interests, through in-person and online engagements, that can be mobilized for the benefit of oneself or other members of one’s network. We found that the shift to primarily online networking activities due to COVID-19 removed some existing barriers related to age, gender and location, while introducing others related to family …

Ukraine Crisis, 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis Share Disturbing Similarities, Erika Vg Simpson Prof.

Political Science Publications

No abstract provided.

Using Spatial Methods To Analyse Anthropogenic Predation Risk And Movement Ecology Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Rhiannon D. Kirton

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Hunting has been used as a central tool by wildlife managers to maintain populations of game species, however, we still lack a good understanding of exactly how hunting influences deer biology. Technological advances in GPS data over the last two decades now enable us to perform more detailed analysis on the effects of human hunters on wildlife populations. This research explores the spatial ecology of hunters and White-tailed deer in the Cross Timbers ecoregion of Oklahoma. Using new statistical methodologies to analyse simultaneous GPS tracking data on deer and hunters to study their spatial interactions. The results show how new …

How Can Local Transitional Justice Mechanisms Work Towards Measures Of Non-Recurrence?, Isaac Bayor

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This dissertation examines questions of local agency and inclusion. It develops a conceptual understanding of whether, and if so how, local customary justice mechanisms could serve as guarantees of non-recurrence. It looks at how grassroots practices of “justice” could be utilized at the community level to deter the commission of future abuses and prevent the repetition of violent conflict, especially where the state has been completely absent. It specifically explores Acholi indigenous and customary practices of peacemaking and justice in Northern Uganda to understand how local practices could secure a lasting peace and cement communities’ commitment to peaceful coexistence.

While …

Improving Developing Countries’ Health Information Systems Capacity For Infectious Disease Pandemic Responses: A Case Study Of The Ebola Virus Disease And The Coronavirus Disease Pandemics, Uche Ikenyei

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

There is increasing evidence to demonstrate that current information system theoretical models meant to assess the success of the health information systems (HIS) lack the applicable theoretical underpinning suitable for developing countries. This stems partly from a theory-evidence gap where theoretical models developed in the West are applied in developing country contexts but lack tailoring to localized, contextual realities. Therefore, this study addresses this gap by enhancing the DeLeon and McLean's information system success model with six contextual factors peculiar to the infectious disease HISs in a developing country context.

This study took place in two developing countries, Liberia and …

Alighting: A Phenomenology And Ethics Of Sight And Touch In The Videocall, Liam Morantz

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis investigates from a phenomenological perspective how it is that I am able to share a space with my brother, Kyle, by way of the videocalling application FaceTime. While the thesis uses the personal as a starting point, it then draws on Merleau-Ponty, the tradition of critical phenomenology, and Media Studies to argue that the one and the other can share a ‘space’ through the screen, despite that they ostensibly only have mutual access to their auditory and visual environments. Drawing heavily on Merleau-Ponty and other contemporary phenomenologists, the thesis takes space and communication to be two different sides …

Essays In Financial Asset Pricing, Dillon Ross Huddleston

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Three essays in financial asset pricing are given; one concerning the partial differential equation (PDE) pricing and hedging of a class of continuous/generalized power mean Asian options, via their (optimal) Lie point symmetry groups, leading to practical pricing formulas. The second presents high-frequency predictions of S&P 500 returns via several machine learning models, statistically significantly demonstrating short-horizon market predictability and economically significantly profitable (beyond transaction costs) trading strategies. The third compares profitability between these [(mean) ensemble] strategies and Asian option Δ-hedging, using results of the first. Interpreting bounds on arithmetic Asian option prices as ask and bid values, hedging profitability …

Bed Particle Dispersion And Scour In The San Juan (Pacheedaht) River, Meghan Sauro

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

As part of a larger river restoration project, bed particle dispersion was tracked at pool tailouts where salmon spawning is known to occur in the San Juan (Pacheedaht) River, B.C. Mobility and pathlengths of surface and sub-surface radio-tagged particles was characterized in three reaches over two deployment years in relation to annual channel change, flow magnitude, bar morphology and particle size. Surface particle mobility was high, with results from subsurface tracers indicating high spatial variation of scour at both the reach and local scale. Results also suggest scour can occur up to depths of 0.3m at some locations, even during …

Identity Salience Moderates The Effect Of Social Dominance Orientation On Covid-19 ‘Rule Bending’, Rhiannon Macdonnell, Bonnie Simpson, Jennifer Chernishenko, Shreya Jain

Management and Organizational Studies Publications

Amidst the economic, political, and social turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, contrasting responses to government mandated and recommended mitigation strategies have posed many challenges for governments as they seek to persuade individuals to adhere to prevention guidelines. Much research has subsequently examined the tendency of individuals to either follow (or not) such guidelines, and yet a ‘grey area’ also exists wherein many rules are subject to individual interpretation. In a large study of Canadians (N =1032, Mage =34.39, 52% female; collected April 6, 2020), we examine how social dominance orientation (SDO) as an individual difference predicts individual propensity to …

Life In Between: Prehispanic Settlement Patterns Of The Carabamba Valley, Northern Peru, Amedeo Sghinolfi

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This dissertation is an archaeological study of the Carabamba Valley (ca. 150 - 3,500 m.a.s.l.) in Northern Peru, which aims to reconstruct settlement patterns through the longue durée (ca. 1800 B.C. - A.D. 1532). This study also documents the relations occupants of this frontier zone maintained with neighboring polities on the Peruvian North Coast (Virú Valley) and in the Northern Highlands. The valley features the resource-rich ecological niche called chaupiyunga, fed by rainwater that flows towards the Pacific Ocean and by a number of springs, where crops like coca, fruits, and vegetables can be easily grown. The Carabamba Valley also …

Machine Learning For Stock Prediction Based On Fundamental Analysis, Yuxuan Huang, Luiz Fernando Capretz, Danny Ho

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Application of machine learning for stock prediction is attracting a lot of attention in recent years. A large amount of research has been conducted in this area and multiple existing results have shown that machine learning methods could be successfully used toward stock predicting using stocks’ historical data. Most of these existing approaches have focused on short term prediction using stocks’ historical price and technical indicators. In this paper, we prepared 22 years’ worth of stock quarterly financial data and investigated three machine learning algorithms: Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN), Random Forest (RF) and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for …

The Need For Purpose: The Desire For Meaningful Direction As A Fundamental Human Motivation, Jose A. Espinoza Mogollon

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The present research investigated the hypothesis that humans have an innate and fundamental need for purpose. This need is defined as a pervasive drive for a sense of meaningful direction and the experience of progress toward associated objectives. First, theoretical development of the need for purpose is presented, along with a review of the existing research literature covering evidence for the need for purpose’s fulfillment of well-established criteria for evaluating needs. This review is followed by three empirical studies developing a measure assessing satisfaction and frustration of purpose, examining an initial nomological network of the construct, and testing whether purpose …

Early Protein Intake Predicts Functional Connectivity And Neurocognition In Preterm Born Children, Emma G. Duerden, Benjamin Thompson, Tanya Poppe, Jane Alsweiler, Greg Gamble, Yannan Jiang, Myra Leung, Anna C. Tottman, Trecia Wouldes, Steven P. Miller, Jane E. Harding, Jane M. Alsweiler, Janene B. Biggs, Coila Bevan, Joanna M. Black, Frank H. Bloomfield, Kelly Fredell, Greg D. Gamble, Jane E. Harding, Sabine Huth, Yannan Jiang, Christine Kevan, Myra Leung, Geraint Phillips, Tanya Poppe, Jennifer A. Rogers, Heather Stewart, Benjamin S. Thompson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2021, The Author(s). Nutritional intake can promote early neonatal brain development in very preterm born neonates (< 32 weeks’ gestation). In a group of 7-year-old very preterm born children followed since birth, we examined whether early nutrient intake in the first weeks of life would be associated with long-term brain function and neurocognitive skills at school age. Children underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), intelligence testing (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th Ed) and visual-motor processing (Beery-Buktenica, 5th Ed) at 7 years. Relationships were assessed between neonatal macronutrient intakes, functional connectivity strength between thalamic and default mode networks (DMN), and neuro-cognitive function using multivariable regression. Greater functional connectivity strength between thalamic networks and DMN was associated with greater intake of protein in the first week (β = 0.17; 95% CI 0.11, 0.23, p < 0.001) but lower intakes of fat (β = − 0.06; 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.02, p = 0.001) and carbohydrates (β = − 0.03; 95% CI − 0.04, − 0.01, p = 0.003). Connectivity strength was also associated with protein intake during the first month (β = 0.22; 95% CI 0.06, 0.37, p = 0.006). Importantly, greater thalamic-DMN connectivity strength was associated with higher processing speed indices (β = 26.9; 95% CI 4.21, 49.49, p = 0.02) and visual processing scores (β = 9.03; 95% CI 2.27, 15.79, p = 0.009). Optimizing early protein intake may contribute to promoting long-term brain health in preterm-born children.

The Development, Short-Term Efficacy, And Pilot Implementation Of An E-Learning Course In Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour For Pre-Service Early Childhood Educators, Brianne Bruijns

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to develop an e-Learning course in physical activity and sedentary behaviour and test its short-term efficacy and implementation among pre- and in-service early childhood educators (ECEs). The Delphi approach was adopted for Study 1, wherein a panel of international experts in physical activity and sedentary behaviour suggested topics for the course and, together with a panel of ECE experts, rated their importance. Study 2 employed a pre-post design to explore the changes in pre- and in-service ECEs’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour-related knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioural intention, and perceived behavioural control following course completion. …

Intra-Field Nitrogen Estimation For Wheat And Corn Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based And Satellite Multispectral Imagery, Plant Biophysical Variables, Field Properties, And Machine Learning Methods, Jody Seymon Yu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Management of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is an important agricultural practice and field of research to increase productivity, minimize environmental impacts and the cost of production. To apply N fertilizer at the right rate, time, and place depends on the crop type, desired yield, and field conditions. The objective of this study is to use Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery, PlanetScope satellite imagery, vegetation indices (VI), crop height, leaf area index (LAI), field topographic metrics, and soil properties to predict canopy nitrogen weight (g/m²) of corn and wheat fields in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Random Forests (RF) and Support …

Empowering The Human-Nature Bond, Lightning Talk (7 Min), Valeria Widjaja

GIS Day

What is land? Is it dirt, the Earth, property, a resource? But rarely we ask who is land? When we change the question, it changes the way we think about land. It transforms the way we make decisions about how we might protect land. Through the Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond, this story map explores how Carolinian Canada, Chippewas of the Thames First Nations, VERGE Capital, Ivey Business School, Thames Talbot Land Trust, and 3M are striving to heal the landscape. Overall, this story map visualizes both the human-nature and human-human relationships being facilitated by the bond. Learn the about …

Differences In Income For Foreign-Born Blacks Across Settlement Types In An Era Of Rising Anti-Immigration Sentiment, Sandra F. Weir

MA Research Paper

Traditional immigration patterns show immigrants in the United States settling in cities with a high density of co-ethnics called ethnic enclaves. There has been a shift in the last three decades where immigrants are moving to suburbs with a high density of one ethnic group called an ‘ethnoburb’ or mixed ethnicity suburbs. Partly reflecting the composition of migration flows, prior work has heavily focused on foreign-born Hispanics and Asians. Less attention has been paid to the settlement patterns of foreign-born Blacks. Furthermore, immigration has become more contested in the United States due to changing political discourse and it is unclear …

A Middle Ground: The Gendered Division Of Housework In Heterosexual Mixed-Nativity Couples, Rebecca Rayner

MA Research Paper

Little is known about how couples in mixed-nativity marriages divide household labor compared to their peers in mixed-nativity cohabitations. Using data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata (IPUMS) files of the American Time Use Survey, this paper asks: (1) how does the division of housework for heterosexual mixed-nativity couples, both married and cohabiting, compare to that of their same-nativity counterparts? and (2) how does the gendered division of housework for heterosexual cohabiting mixed-nativity couples differ from that of married mixed- nativity couples? Findings indicate that mixed-nativity unions operate as a “middle ground” between same-nativity unions. When stratifying by marital status, …

A Complex Disease With Complex Discourse: Exploring The Online Messaging Of Two Canadian Obesity Charities And The Implications For Weight Stigma, Caitlin E. Turnbull

MA Research Paper

Researchers warn that sizeism and weight stigma can prevent individuals from seeking health care, increase feelings of depression, and even contribute to weight gain and the worsening of negative health behaviours (Chrisler and Barney 2017; O’Hara and Gregg 2006; Puhl and Heuer 2009; 2010; Tomiyama 2014). The motivation for this study relates to a broader social problem of weight stigma and is premised upon evidence that suggests that stigmatizing content precipitates poor perceptions of obese individuals (Frederick et al. 2020; Puhl and Heuer 2010). Drawing upon the concept of biopedagogy, this case study qualitatively analyzes the online messages produced by …

Framing Diversity And Edi Practices: A Comparison Of Strategic Planning And Recruitment Materials In Two Canadian Universities, Michelle H. Robinson

MA Research Paper

Multiculturalism has been official Canadian policy since 1971. However, racial equity from this policy has not resulted as there continues to be persistent educational attainment gaps and underrepresentation among Indigenous and Black Canadians in higher education. Post-secondary credentials have become essential to success in knowledge economies. Given these attainment gaps, the purpose of this study was to explore how postsecondary institutions frame and promote diversity. I conducted a content analysis of strategic planning documents and viewbook recruitment materials from Canada’s two largest universities (University of Toronto and University of British Columbia) and sought out any available student racial composition data—a …

Comparing Chronic Pain In Urban And Rural Canadian Adults, Alyssa T. Jensen

MA Research Paper

Previous literature has found that rural Canadians are at a health disadvantage compared to their urban counterparts across a number of health outcomes. Less is known, however, about whether this pattern extends to chronic pain, especially in a Canadian context. Using a sample of 1820 Canadian adults aged 25 and older from the Recovery and Resilience COVID-19 Survey, this study explores the relationship between rurality and chronic pain. A series of nested negative binominal regression models were estimated. It was found that rurality is associated with significantly higher pain, though three measures of socioeconomic status explained some of rural disadvantage. …

“I Can’T Trust Anyone”: International Students’ Experience With Student Support Services In Canada, Cathlin Sullivan

MA Research Paper

The number of international students in Canada continues to rise. Out of the 642,480 international students in Canada, 60% of them want to immigrate to Canada permanently after completing their studies (CBIE, 2018). Using data from a qualitative research study, I will discuss the transition of international students to university at a research institution in Southwestern Ontario. This paper focuses on their transition to Canada through their engagement with on-campus support services. The findings suggest very different levels of support in accessing resources within the International Student Centre compared to other student service offices on campus. Within the purview of …

Nursing Homes And Loneliness Among Older Adults In The United States, Camila Iciaszczyk

MA Research Paper

Many studies have revealed that older adults experience varying rates of loneliness depending on their living arrangements, yet few have been measured in nursing homes. I assess rates of loneliness among aging adults across different living arrangements, including nursing homes. Analyzing nationally representative longitudinal survey data from the United States, I observe older adults in all living arrangements and whether the transition into nursing homes is linked with increased rates of loneliness. Findings indicate that older adults living in nursing homes are at a 3.0 higher odds of experiencing loneliness compared to those living independently. When controlling for demographic and …

The Practice Of Curation On Instagram: A Bourdieusian Approach, Eve S. Smerchinski

MA Research Paper

Social media has become a salient part of the social world. However, social media platforms are no longer solely for conversing with others; they have become a tool for self-presentation and the curation of self. This paper explores how previous social media research and scholars can be used to understand the intentionality displayed by Instagram users as they construct their online identities and profiles. Additionally, this paper aims to further understand this process by approaching it as a process of curation through a Bourdieusian lens. Bourdieu’s sociological lens will allow for a further understanding of the intentionality behind social media …

Racial And Ethnic Differences In Chronic Pain, Sarah M. Revie

MA Research Paper

Chronic pain literature consistently shows differences in the prevalence of chronic pain by race and ethnicity. However, these studies primarily focus on White, African American, and Hispanic respondents. This paper aims to examine differences in pain by race and ethnicity including most major racial categories as well as Asian, Native American, and multiple-race respondents. This study uses data from the 2017 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n=33,161). To determine the relationship between race and ethnicity and chronic pain, we conducted multiple nested logistic regression. The analysis found that African Americans [OR= 0.67, p<0.001], Hispanic [OR= 0.61, p<0.001], and Asian [OR= 0.42, p<0.001] respondents have lower odds of pain when compared to White participants while multiracial respondents have higher odds of chronic pain [OR = 1.28, p<0.05]. This study is important for future research as it shows the need for other scholars, as well as policymakers, to focus on expanding racial and ethnic categories commonly studied in chronic pain literature.

Labour Market Outcomes For Skilled Worker Immigrants And Non-Immigrants In Canada, Adam Mamudovski Mr.

MA Research Paper

Previous research on the experiences of immigrants within foreign labour markets produce mixed findings. In this study, I utilize the February 2020 Canadian Labour Force Survey to address three questions. First, does possessing a higher education ensure that individuals will earn higher weekly wages? Second, for early to middle-age workers is there a gap in weekly wages based on educational attainment between immigrants and non-immigrants.? Third, does higher education protect against precarious work equally for immigrants and non-immigrants? Findings suggest that as an individual’s highest level of educational attainment increases, so does their weekly wage earnings, on average. Furthermore, the …

How Are The Formal And Informal Online Supports Of Mental Health Accessible For Refugees And Their Children In Canada?, Maria Jose Gonzalez Sanchez

MA Research Paper

Refugees fleeing from extreme human rights violations are highly vulnerable and predisposed to a variety of mental health illnesses. The issue that this study addresses are the barriers refugees encounter when navigating mental health resources in Canada. Across the literature it has been found that refugees tend to underutilize mental health resources for a variety of reasons despite their poor mental health outcomes. Some factors of underutilization include, linguistic, religious, cultural, and economic (Chaze et al., 2015). To address this problem, the purpose of this study will be to evaluate the online accessibility of available resources. A content analysis on …

The Attitudinal And Motivational Consequences Of Personality Differences In Teams, Kyle A. Cameron

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In our team-based world of work, understanding the effects of team member differences is critical. This research examined the effects of personality congruence (i.e., (dis)similarity) on individual team members’ satisfaction with the team and autonomous motivation. The potential role of psychological need fulfillment as a mediator of the relation between personality congruence and these outcomes was also considered.

Multilevel polynomial regression with response surface analysis provided no evidence for a congruence pattern relating any of the HEXACO model of personality’s six domains to individual satisfaction with the team, autonomous motivation, or any of the psychological needs. Supplemental analyses revealed a …

Ridge Pine 3: A Late Archaic Site In The Southern Lake Huron Basin, Jessica Russell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Ridge Pine 3 site is about 1.3 km inland from Lake Huron on the eastern edge of the Grand Bend community in the Ausable Valley. The site was originally dated to the Late Archaic Small Point complex (ca. 4100 cal BP [3800 RCYBP] to 3200 cal BP [3000 RCYBP]), but a reassessment of the projectile point typology and radiocarbon dating have led to a different conclusion. The primary occupation of Ridge Pine 3 occurred during the Late Archaic Narrow Point complex (ca. 5000 cal BP [4500 RCYBP] to 4100 cal BP [3800 RCYBP]), but there is evidence of multiple …

Examining Public Health Risk Communication Via Social Media By Provincial And Local Health Authorities In Ontario During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Marc Resendes

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Risk communication campaigns are essential during public health crises to inform the public about ways to mitigate, alleviate and manage potential risks. The purpose of this study was to describe risk communication on social media by Ontarian health authorities amid COVID-19, in addition to examining the strategies that guided their social media use. This was completed through (a) a narrative review of risk communication literature; (b) a qualitative content analysis of select health authority Twitter messaging following three major COVID-19 milestones; and (c) key informant interviews with those coordinating social media responses to COVID-19. Information giving and news updates were …