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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Bradford S Bell (7)
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- Andrew M. Johnson (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Introduction To Special Section: Careers In Context, Hugh Gunz, Wolfgang Mayrhofer, Pamela Tolbert
Introduction To Special Section: Careers In Context, Hugh Gunz, Wolfgang Mayrhofer, Pamela Tolbert
Pamela S Tolbert
[Excerpt] Career scholars regularly cite Hughes’ (1937: 413) dictum that the study careers as “the moving perspective in which persons orient themselves with reference to the social order, and of the typical sequences and concatenations of office – may be expected to reveal the nature and 'working constitution' of a society.” Yet the greater part of the careers literature typically ignores this by focusing, largely, on the careers of individuals and influencing factors mainly linked to the person and his or her immediate context, to the neglect of the broader context within which the careers are lived. However, large-scale economic …
Economic Integration, Political Integration Or Both?, Daniel Brou, Michele Ruta
Economic Integration, Political Integration Or Both?, Daniel Brou, Michele Ruta
Daniel Brou
We study the effects of economic and political integration by presenting a model in which firms compete with each other in both an economic market—where they produce a good and compete for market share—and in a political (rent seeking) market—where they compete for transfers from the government. Growth is driven by firms’ cost-reducing innovation activity and economic and political integration affect firms’ incentive to innovate differently. In this setting, economic and political integration can be seen as complementary. Economic integration, when not accompanied by political integration, can lead to less innovation and slower growth as firms respond to increased competition …
[Review Of The Book Labor Regulation In The Global Economy], Gary Fields
[Review Of The Book Labor Regulation In The Global Economy], Gary Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] This is a practical and useful volume on labor standards in today’s highly globalized world. An introduction is followed by ten chapters, some of them general, talking about the ILO or the WTO, and some more specific, focusing on the United States and Europe. The general chapters cover the ILO, corporate codes of conduct, efforts to introduce labor standards into the multilateral trade regime, arguments for and against labor standards in trade, and policy implications. The specific chapters cover U.S. initiatives on child labor, labor standards in the bilateral trade agreements entered into by the United States and the …
[Review Of The Book Forecasting Retirement Needs And Retirement Wealth], Gary Fields
[Review Of The Book Forecasting Retirement Needs And Retirement Wealth], Gary Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] This volume enables researchers to learn about some of the latest research findings on specific issues. It is not the place to seek an introduction to current thinking on retirement, pensions, and Social Security—the papers are too narrowly focused for that. But for current or would-he pension specialists, this volume and the larger series of which it is a part are indispensable resources.
Embedded Librarianship And Virtual Environments In Entrepreneurship Information Literacy A Case Study, Kelly Evans, Hal Kirkwood
Embedded Librarianship And Virtual Environments In Entrepreneurship Information Literacy A Case Study, Kelly Evans, Hal Kirkwood
Hal P Kirkwood Jr
No abstract provided.
Incentive Contracts And Time Use, Tor Eriksson, Jaime Ortega
Incentive Contracts And Time Use, Tor Eriksson, Jaime Ortega
Jaime Ortega
Empirical studies on incentive contracts have primarily been concerned with the effects on employees' productivity and earnings. The productivity increases associated with such contracts may, however, come at the expense of quality of life at or outside work. In this paper we study the effect on the employees' non-work activities, testing whether incentive contracts lead to a change in the allocation of time across work and non-work activities. In doing so, we distinguish between two effects, a substitution effect and a discretion effect. On the one hand, the introduction of explicit incentives raises the marginal payoff to work, hence employees …
How Do Environmental And Natural Resource Economics Texts Deal With The Simple Model Of The Intertemporal Allocation Of A Nonrenewable Resource, Robert Main
Robert S. Main
Textbooks in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics invariably deal with the problem of allocating a non-renewable resource over time. The simplest version of that problem is the case of a resource that is to be allocated over two periods. The resource has a constant Marginal Extraction Cost (MEC). Most textbooks treat this case before moving on to more complex and realistic cases. This paper suggests the results that should be emphasized and the method that should be used to arrive at those results. It also points out the possible confusions that should be avoided. Finally, it examines how several well-known …
Slippage In The System: The Effects Of Errors In Transactive Memory Behavior On Team Performance, Matthew Pearsall, Aleksander Ellis, Bradford Bell
Slippage In The System: The Effects Of Errors In Transactive Memory Behavior On Team Performance, Matthew Pearsall, Aleksander Ellis, Bradford Bell
Bradford S Bell
[Excerpt] Although researchers have consistently shown that the implicit coordination provided by transactive memory positively affects team performance, the benefits of transactive memory systems depend heavily on team members’ ability to accurately identify the expertise of their teammates and communicate expertise-specific information with one another. This introduces the opportunity for errors to enter the system, as the expertise of individual team members may be misunderstood or misrepresented, leading to the reliance on information from the wrong source or the loss of information through incorrect assignment. As Hollingshead notes, “information may be transferred or explicitly delegated to the ‘wrong’ individual in …
The Cost Of Treating Addiction From The Client's Perspective: Results From A Multi-Modality Application Of The Client Datcap, Kathryn Mccollister, Michael French, Jeffrey Pyne, Brenda Booth, Richard Rapp, Carey Carr
The Cost Of Treating Addiction From The Client's Perspective: Results From A Multi-Modality Application Of The Client Datcap, Kathryn Mccollister, Michael French, Jeffrey Pyne, Brenda Booth, Richard Rapp, Carey Carr
Michael T. French
There is a considerable disparity between the number of individuals who need substance abuse treatment and the number who actually receive it. This is partly due to the fact that many individuals with substance use disorders do not perceive a need for formal treatment. Another contributing factor, however, is a discrepancy between the real and perceived cost of services. Although many cost evaluations of substance abuse treatment have been conducted from the treatment provider perspective, less is known about the client-specific costs of attending treatment (e.g., lost work and leisure time, transportation, out-of-pocket and in-kind payments). Concerns about financial and …
Advances In Technology-Based Training, Bradford Bell, Steve Kozlowski
Advances In Technology-Based Training, Bradford Bell, Steve Kozlowski
Bradford S Bell
[Excerpt] There is a growing utilization of technology-based training in the workplace. The 2005 State of the Industry Report published by the American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) revealed that in the average organization, technology-based training accounted for 28.1 percent of all training hours in 2004 (Sugrue and Rivera, 2005). The report also revealed that the utilization of technology-based training has almost doubled since 2002 and is projected to further increase to 32.5 percent in 2005. In this chapter, we examine this trend and explore recent advances in technology-based training. We begin by discussing the environmental factors pushing companies …
Disentangling Achievement Orientation And Goal Setting: Effects On Self-Regulatory Processes, Steve Kozlowski, Bradford Bell
Disentangling Achievement Orientation And Goal Setting: Effects On Self-Regulatory Processes, Steve Kozlowski, Bradford Bell
Bradford S Bell
The Heckhausen and Kuhl (1985) goal typology provided the conceptual foundation for this research, which examined the independent and integrated effects of achievement orientation and goal setting approaches on trainees’ self-regulatory activity. Using a complex computer-based simulation, the authors examined the effects of three training design factors cutting across these two theoretical domains – goal frame, goal content, and goal proximity – on the nature, focus, and quality of the self-regulatory activities of 524 trainees. Results revealed that all three factors had a significant influence on self-regulation, with goal content exhibiting the greatest influence. In line with expectations, congruent learning …
Self-Assessments Of Knowledge: Where Do We Go From Here?, Bradford Bell, Jessica Federman
Self-Assessments Of Knowledge: Where Do We Go From Here?, Bradford Bell, Jessica Federman
Bradford S Bell
[Excerpt] In this paper, we argue that there remain several unanswered questions surrounding self-assessments of knowledge that must be addressed before we can reach a more definitive conclusion on the viability of these measures. The answers to these questions may provide further evidence that self-assessments should not be used as an indicator of learning or they may serve to qualify the conditions under which self-assessments can be used with reasonable confidence. In either case, addressing these issues is critical if work in this area is to influence how researchers and practitioners evaluate trainees’ learning.
Current Issues And Future Directions In Simulation-Based Training In North America, Bradford Bell, Adam Kanar, Steve Kozlowski
Current Issues And Future Directions In Simulation-Based Training In North America, Bradford Bell, Adam Kanar, Steve Kozlowski
Bradford S Bell
A number of emerging challenges including globalization, economic pressures, and the changing nature of work have combined to create a business environment that demands innovative, flexible training solutions. Simulations are a promising tool for creating more realistic, experiential learning environments to meet these challenges. Unfortunately, the current literature on simulation-based training paints a mixed picture as to the effectiveness of simulations as training tools, with most of the previous research focusing on the specific technologies used in simulation design and little theory-based research focusing on the instructional capabilities or learning processes underlying these technologies. This article examines the promise and …
Scaling Up Microfinance, Chicago Microfinance 2011, Karen Ahmed
Scaling Up Microfinance, Chicago Microfinance 2011, Karen Ahmed
Karen Hunt Ahmed
No abstract provided.
Chicago Microfinance Conference 2011, Karen Ahmed
Chicago Microfinance Conference 2011, Karen Ahmed
Karen Hunt Ahmed
No abstract provided.
Information Workers In The Academy: The Case Of Librarians And Archivists At The University Of Western Ontario, Melanie Mills
Information Workers In The Academy: The Case Of Librarians And Archivists At The University Of Western Ontario, Melanie Mills
Melanie Mills
For much of its history, the organizational culture for academic librarians and archivists at The University of Western Ontario was primarily a culture of the practitioner. While librarians and archivists supported teaching, research and service at Western, they did not directly engage in it. As a result of grassroots efforts undertaken by members of Western’s academic community in the mid-2000s however, the potential contributions of information workers to the teaching, research and service mandate of University began to garner recognition. Born out of this collective awakening, a successful union drive and shortly thereafter an inaugural Collective Agreement for The University …
Distributed Learning System Design: A New Approach And An Agenda For Future Research, Bradford Bell, Steve Kozlowski
Distributed Learning System Design: A New Approach And An Agenda For Future Research, Bradford Bell, Steve Kozlowski
Bradford S Bell
This article presents a theoretical framework designed to guide distributed learning design, with the goal of enhancing the effectiveness of distributed learning systems. The authors begin with a review of the extant research on distributed learning design, and themes embedded in this literature are extracted and discussed to identify critical gaps that should be addressed by future work in this area. A conceptual framework that integrates instructional objectives, targeted competencies, instructional design considerations, and technological features is then developed to address the most pressing gaps in current research and practice. The rationale and logic underlying this framework is explicated. The …
Work Groups And Teams In Organizations, Steve Kozlowski, Bradford Bell
Work Groups And Teams In Organizations, Steve Kozlowski, Bradford Bell
Bradford S Bell
[Excerpt] Our objective in this chapter is to provide an integrative perspective on work groups and teams in organizations, one that addresses primary foci of theory and research, highlights applied implications, and identifies key issues in need of research attention and resolution. Given the volume of existing reviews, our review is not intended to be exhaustive. Rather, it uses representative work to characterize key topics, and focuses on recent work that breaks new ground to help move theory and research forward. Although our approach risks trading breadth for depth, we believe that there is much value in taking a more …
Summary Of Procedures For O*Net Task Updating And New Task Generation, Erich Dierdorff, Jennifer Norton
Summary Of Procedures For O*Net Task Updating And New Task Generation, Erich Dierdorff, Jennifer Norton
Erich C. Dierdorff
This report was developed to describe the procedures for updating existing O*NET tasks and writing new O*NET tasks (e.g., New and Emerging (N&E) tasks and green tasks). The procedural report provides a series of successive steps that are followed, including researching, reviewing, revising, and writing task statements for use in the O*NET system. Throughout these actions, Internet-based information sources serve a primary role in supporting and informing task revision and writing. Using online resources to collect task data is intended to be more expedient, more manageable, and less costly than other methods such as direct surveying. Task writing training procedures …
Backpackers, Byron And Brand: The Power Of Wom, Janet Hanlan, Stephen Kelly
Backpackers, Byron And Brand: The Power Of Wom, Janet Hanlan, Stephen Kelly
Adjunct Professor Stephen J Kelly
Tourist destination brand image is a major influencing factor in traveler destination choice. This exploratory research into the information sources from which destination brand image evolves, aims to provide insights which may improve destination marketing communication strategies. Indepth interviews with 21 international backpackers on Australia’s northern New South Wales coast indicate that mainstream media played little or no part in the formation of respondents’ image of the coastal destination of Byron Bay. Research findings show word-of-mouth (WOM) and autonomous independent information sources were the key mediums through which respondents formed their image of this iconic Australian tourist destination. Findings suggest …
With Reckless Abandon: Haneef And Ul-Haque In Australia's 'War On Terror', Mark Rix
With Reckless Abandon: Haneef And Ul-Haque In Australia's 'War On Terror', Mark Rix
Mark Rix
This brief paper considers the political and social implications of the manner in which Australia has prosecuted the so-called ‘war on terror’. It does this by investigating relevant aspects of Australia’s anti-terrorism legislation and the performance of Australian security and law enforcement agencies, namely, the Australian Security and Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) and the Australian Federal Police (AFP). Focusing on the Haneef and Ul-Haque cases, the paper will consider how the political climate created by the former Federal Government’s legislative approach to the war on terror has influenced the performance of these organisations. By focusing on these two cases, the paper …
Library Sector Leadership: Bridging Theory And Practice, Melanie Mills, Charlotte Innerd
Library Sector Leadership: Bridging Theory And Practice, Melanie Mills, Charlotte Innerd
Melanie Mills
Explore the issue of leadership in libraries with one current student and one graduate of The University of Victoria's Professional Graduate Certificate in Library Sector Leadership. Looking specifically at Kouzes and Posner's 'Five Practices of Exemplary Leaders' and Quinn et al.'s 'Competing Values Framework', we hope to share our own discoveries and insights and add to the important discussion of leadership in Libraries.
Women’S Decision Making: A Contextual Assessment, Safdar Khan
Women’S Decision Making: A Contextual Assessment, Safdar Khan
Safdar Khan
No abstract provided.
Are Ceos Expected Utility Maximizers?, John List, Charles Mason
Are Ceos Expected Utility Maximizers?, John List, Charles Mason
Charles F Mason
Are individuals expected utility maximizers? This question represents much more than academic curiosity. In a normative sense, at stake are the fundamental underpinnings of the bulk of the last half-century’s models of choice under uncertainty. From a positive perspective, the ubiquitous use of benefit-cost analysis across government agencies renders the expected utility maximization paradigm literally the only game in town. In this study, we advance the literature by exploring CEO’s preferences over small probability, high loss lotteries. Using undergraduate students as our experimental control group, we find that both our CEO and student subject pools exhibit frequent and large departures …
The Relationship Between Personality And Self-Report Abilities, Julie Schermer, Andrew Johnson, Philip Vernon, Kerry Jang
The Relationship Between Personality And Self-Report Abilities, Julie Schermer, Andrew Johnson, Philip Vernon, Kerry Jang
Andrew M. Johnson
The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). …
Womens’ Underrepresentation In Upper Management: New Insights On A Persistent Problem, Grace Lemmon
Womens’ Underrepresentation In Upper Management: New Insights On A Persistent Problem, Grace Lemmon
Grace Lemmon
No abstract provided.
New Models For Book Publishing, Kwanghui Lim
Economic Co-Optimization Of Enhanced Oil Recovery And Carbon Sequestration, Andrew Leach, Charles Mason, Klaas Van 'T Veld
Economic Co-Optimization Of Enhanced Oil Recovery And Carbon Sequestration, Andrew Leach, Charles Mason, Klaas Van 'T Veld
Charles F Mason
In this paper, we present an economic analysis of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This technique entails injection of CO2 into mature oil fields in a manner that reduces the oil’s viscosity, thereby enhancing the rate of extraction. As part of this process, significant quantities of CO2 remain sequestered in the reservoir. If CO2 emissions are regulated, oil producers using EOR should therefore be able to earn revenues from sequestration as well as from oil production. We develop a theoretical framework that analyzes the dynamic co-optimization of oil extraction and CO2 sequestration, through the producer’s choice of the fraction of CO2 …
Business Ethics As Rational Choice, John Hooker
Sheep And Their Herders: Testing The Myth Of Rational Voters – A Latvian Case Study, Daniel Brou, Kirk Collins, Brent Mckenzie
Sheep And Their Herders: Testing The Myth Of Rational Voters – A Latvian Case Study, Daniel Brou, Kirk Collins, Brent Mckenzie
Daniel Brou
Through the use of a simple behavioural political economy model, we cast doubt on the assumption that voters behave in predictable ways dependent on their expected support for government policies. We show that under certain conditions an unfavourable (i.e. welfare reducing) policy may result, even with well-informed, welfare maximising voters. While true that voter behaviour may align with government policies, this alignment has more to do with a perceived lack of influence, rather than policy support. The case of Latvia's accession to the European Union is used as a case study to evaluate the government's policy in terms of voting …