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Women's Higher Education In Ethiopia Under Three Regimes, 1950-1997, Alem Habtu

International Conference on African Development Archives

A recent World Bank report sums up the condition of the "typical" Ethiopian woman as follows: "She is a victim of her situation, without the capacity to initiate change within the quagmire of her poverty, high fertility, poor health and domestic drudgery" (cited in Ethiopia, NPA, April 1995, pp. 14-15).

Generally speaking, most Ethiopian women live in impoverished subsistence. They are expected to marry early, and bear many children. They lack knowledge of hygiene, nutrition or family planning. They live in conditions of very high maternal, infant and child mortality. Lack of education, high fertility, infant mortality, and generally poor …

Deforestation, Wood Famine And Environmental Degradation In Highland Ecosystems Of Ethiopia: Urgent Need For Actions, Demel Teketay

International Conference on African Development Archives

One of the major challenges facing Ethiopia in its strive for development is environmental degradation, which is manifested in the form of land and water resources degradation as well as loss of biodiversity. Land degradation, in turn, is expressed in terms of soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. Deforestation/devegetation has been held as one of the major factors contributing to land degradation through exposing the soil for various agents of erosion. Ethiopia, with high-intensity rainstorms and extensive steep slopes, is highly susceptible to soil erosion, especially in the highlands. The organic content of soils is often low due to …

Does The Ethiopian In The Diaspora Have A Role In Ethiopia’S Development?, Temesghen Hailu

International Conference on African Development Archives

Ethiopia is one of the economically poor nations in the world. It doesn’t take effort to identify what economic and social problem characterizes our country. Underemployment, malnutrition, subsistence farming, deforestation, erosion, poor transport and telecommunication services, inadequate access to drinking water and health care, high mortality and birth rates, low life expectancy, etc. All these are recipes of what can be considered as individuals living below poverty line, however specific it may be defined. A host of problems face our country. The solution, therefore become complicated because strategies to solve one problem may accelerates others. These problems are the result …

Sustainable Small Hydropower Development In Ethiopia Case Study Ropi Hydropower Plant (Bilate Basin, Ethiopia), Zelalem Hailu, H.B. Horlacher

International Conference on African Development Archives

The paper considers a case study of the Ropi hydropower site in the Bilate basin in Ethiopia to show the effect of seasonal variability of river flow on the magnitude and reliability of power supply.

A Review Of Distributed Generation Technologies And Their Applicability In Ethiopia, Haeran Fisseha, Yared Mengistu

International Conference on African Development Archives

This study has four parts. The first part reviews the current energy and electricity situation in Ethiopia by examining the consumption and supply patterns of energy in general, and the electricity sector in particular. The second part explores Distributed Generation, its definition and the reasons for its current popularity as the emerging electric power generation paradigm. The third part evaluates makes a preliminary financial analysis of the “Mega” hydro electricity vs Distributed Generation electricity. Finally, the concluding section summarizes the different issues raised, and comes up with a few recommendations.

Bureaucratic Neutrality In An Ethnic Federalism: The Case Of Ethiopia, Berhanu Mengistu, Elizabeth Vogel

International Conference on African Development Archives

The question addressed in this paper is whether bureaucratic neutrality, or the depoliticization of civil service, is compatible with ethnic federalism. This question is explored by reviewing the classic theories of bureaucracy as a foundation for examining the research question and contextualizing bureaucratic neutrality in Ethiopian ethnic federalism.

Foreign Direct Investment And Uncertainty: Implications For Ethiopia, Adugna Lemi, Sisay Asefa

International Conference on African Development Archives

The paper examines the effect of price and exchange rate uncertainty and political instability on the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to selected African economies. Measures of uncertainty of inflation rate and real exchange rate are incorporated by taking the conditional variance of the residual of the Autoregressive (AR) processes of each series. Pooled data result without accounting for country specific factors is misleading. Fixed effects model provides a better explanation of the variation of FDI flow to African economies. The results show that uncertainty in the rate of inflation and political instability constrain the flow of FDI only …

Exports, Trade Liberalization And Economic Growth In Sub-Saharan Africa, Seid Hassan

International Conference on African Development Archives

Despite the various efforts made to promote sustainable economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, there had been little achievement in terms of progress in standard of living and poverty reduction in this part of the world. Given the absence of a perfect strategy to overcome these problems, most Sub-Saharan African countries have tended to place undue emphasis on export promotion in the context of worldwide economic liberalization and globalization. Moreover, as a result of opening up their economies in the 1990s, especially in the export/import sector of these economies, it has been reported, some Sub-Saharan African countries have experienced some positive …

Obstacles, Controversies And Prospects Surrounding Child Abuse Management In Addis Ababa, Getnet Tadele

International Conference on African Development Archives

Corporal punishment by parents or guardians, family members and relatives is an accepted cultural practice in Ethiopia. Aside from parents and other family members, many children are also abused (physically and sexually) by other persons who by chance meet them. At the same time, there are undergoing activities related to child abuse management by concerned institutions. Coordinated child abuse management involves various professionals and institutions. This paper examines the situation of child abuse and its management in Addis Ababa focusing on challenges and controversies revolving around this social problem. It assess pertinent issues involved in child abuse management on the …

The Evolution And Development Of The Public Health College And Training Center In Gondar: The History Of Che-Che-La, From An Italian Consular Office To Medical College /1910s- 1970s/, Solomon Getahun

International Conference on African Development Archives

No abstract provided.

Are More Children A Blessing? Determinants Of The Demand For Children In Jimma, Ethiopia, Bedassa Tadesse, Sisay Asefa

International Conference on African Development Archives

Based on data from a cross-section of urban households in Southwestern Ethiopia, in this paper, we examine some endogenous household characteristics that could be targeted through market-based policy measure(s). We use a count data model and the theory of consumer behavior to first identify some important socio-economic determinants of the demand for children. Then, we simulate the average number of children desired by a woman of median household characteristics and the extent to which an exogenously set population policy goal of lower fertility can be achieved. Finally, we present the extent by which market based policy measures could help reduce …

Colonizing Ideas: A Comparative Look At Receptivity To The Adoption Of Western Education In Japan And Ethiopia, Getachew Felleke

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper examines the challenges and promises that accompanied the introduction of modern education into two non-modern societies. The study is motivated by an interest to fathom some of the causes and sources of Ethiopia’s multifaceted social and economic problems. Taking as its point of departure the view that, over the long run, evolutionary progress of societies should be the norm, the study seeks to identify the impediments that have blocked such a normal pace of progress in Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s early experience in building up its education system is compared and contrasted with that of Japan’s. The roles played by …

Food Security And Rural Vulnerability In Ethiopia: A Development Perspective, Alemayehu Lirenso

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper analyzes current food security and rural vulnerability situation in present day Ethiopia from a development perspective. In the sections that follow: (i) various issues relating to food security and vulnerability are presented, (ii) current food aid management policies and practices are reviewed and their implications for overall agricultural development policy are evaluated, and (iii) alternative strategies for combating the risks of future famines are suggested. The analysis is based partly on my own previous studies and partly on review of other recent studies listed in the references.

Agricultural Research System Of Ethiopia: Past History And Future Vision, Tesfaye Zegeye

International Conference on African Development Archives

Agricultural Research in Ethiopia began in Jimma and Ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then College of Agriculture at Alemaya in 1957 and later in 1965 included Debre Zeit. Realizing the importance of agricultural research in economic development the Ethiopian government established the Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) in 1966 as a semiautonomous organization under the general supervision of the Ministerial Board of Directors.

The specific mandates of the Institution of Agricultural Research was to: Formulate national agricultural research policies, Coordinate national agricultural research Undertake research in its centers and sub-centers located in various agro-ecological zones of the …

Coffee-Enset-Livestock Interaction For Sustainable Livelihood In The Sidama Area Of Southern Ethiopia, Tsegaye Yilma

International Conference on African Development Archives

The coffee growing areas of Sidama, the midlands, are one of the densely populated areas in Ethiopia, with a population density of 500 persons per arable land. Coffee serves as the major cash source to the farm household, which expends the cash to its different uses one of which is asset formation through the purchase of livestock. Livestock of different type are reared with small herd size in the area. The population pressure brought land to be the most limiting production constraint. Due to its limitation the available land is mainly allocated to the major staple food of the area, …

Simulating Strategy Options For Enhancing Hyv-Maize Technology Adoption In Oromia, Ethiopia, Bedassa Tadesse

International Conference on African Development Archives

Using a sample selection induced bivariate probit model fitted to data collected from small scale, resource poor farmers in Western Oromia (Jimma, Ilu-Ababaor, Estern and Western Welega zones), I define and simulate different strategy (Pure and Mixed) scenarios. The scenarios provide the extent to which the adoption of maize technology package (HYV-seeds, fertilizers and planting methods) among currently non-adopter maize growers could be increased with the use of different strategies. Among the scenarios evaluated, I find a strategy that emphasizes information approach, as a pure strategy, or when integrated with education and/or the agent approaches-in a mixed strategy, significantly influential …

Supply Response Of Ethiopian Farmers To Price And Non-Price Factors, Abrar Suleiman

International Conference on African Development Archives

The main purpose of this study is to examine the responsiveness of peasant farmers to changes in price and non-price factors. To this end, quadratic production and restricted profit functions are fitted to farm-level survey data from Ethiopia. The results indicate that farmers respond significantly to price incentives, but the effect of prices on output supply and fertilizer demand is negligible. The most important finding is that non-price factors are far more important in affecting production and resource use than price incentives. The results underscore the need to strengthen market incentives through effective policies that will improve farmers’ access to …

The Impact Of Globalization On Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources In African Economies, Livingstone Musoro

International Conference on African Development Archives

In this paper, we are not going to have a definitional discussion per se of what globalization is all about. So much has been done toward definitional discussion. Good coverage on the definitional aspects of globalization can be reviewed, for example, from the works of Kiely (in Kiely and Marfleet 1998) and Wolf (in Critical Review, Vol. 14, No. 1; 2001). My focus here is at a brief note on misconception or misunderstanding about the process of globalization, and then, at its impact on the sustainable management of natural resources in Africa.

Community Resource Management: The Case Of Grazing Lands In Northern Ethiopia, Berhanu Gebremedhin, John Pender, Girmay Tesfay

International Conference on African Development Archives

Communal grazing lands are important sources of livestock feed in developing countries (ILRI, 1998). In the presence of sufficient demand for livestock or livestock products, unrestricted access to the grazing lands will result in overexploitation of the resource and the scarcity rent of the resource remains unappropriated. Each individual user of the resource enjoys the full benefit of her use of the resource but bears only a fractional part of the cost. As a result, the traditional uncontrolled and free grazing system in many developing countries has caused severe degradation of the grazing lands.

Soil And Water Resources And Degradation Factors Affecting Their Productivity In The Ethiopian Highland Agro-Ecosystems, Paulos Dubale

International Conference on African Development Archives

Ethiopia has not been able to maintain its economic, political and social development because of internal and external pressures for many years. The natural resource is the worst hit by the slow progress in economic development and this has made matters worse. To get out of the stagnation the present government has adopted a policy called Agricultural Development Led Industrialization taking agriculture as the stepping stone to industrialization.

The soil and water resources of Ethiopia although, still rich, is going through fast degradation processes. Topography, soil types and agro-ecological parameters are playing significant role in the degradation processes influenced by …

Deforestation And Land Degradation On The Ethiopian Highlands: A Strategy For Physical Recovery, Badege Bishaw

International Conference on African Development Archives

Deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are serious problems in Ethiopia. To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to launch afforestation and conservation programs; however, success to date has been limited. This paper will discuss agriculture and forestry practices on the Ethiopian Highlands and try to identify the causes of deforestation and land degradation there. Agroforestry and social forestry practices, plantation forestry, and conservation of the remaining forests are proposed as a strategy for physical recovery. Social and policy issues, such as participation of the local people in natural resource management and the existence of clear land and …

Ethiopia, The Tplf And Roots Of The 2001 Political Tremor, Paulos Milkias

International Conference on African Development Archives

No abstract provided.

The Elite And The Quest For Peace, Democracy And Development In Ethiopian: Lessons To Be Learnt, Merera Gudina

International Conference on African Development Archives

The present experiment involves the objective of accomplishing two historical tasks: the tasks of creating a country that houses 'nations, nationalities and peoples' of equals and ending an authoritarian rule by democratizing the Ethiopian state and society as a whole, a precondition for peace and development. However, as the result of the accumulated five grand failures of the Ethiopian elite in a century, the prennial quest for peace, democracy and development continue to be as illusive as ever. The most fundamental question is, therefore, what lessons to be learnt to move forward? This paper, which sums up the political history …

Reflections On Development In Ethiopia, Paul B. Henze

International Conference on African Development Archives

I visited Ethiopia frequently and traveled extensively in all parts of the country during the Derg period. I observed firsthand the deleterious effects of the Derg's attempt to turn the country into a communist "people's republic".1 Since the fall of the Derg in May 1991 I have made eleven visits to Ethiopia (with a twelfth scheduled for June 2001), usually for periods of several weeks, totaling well over a year of travel in the country in all. During these same years I have also spent time in 16 other post-communist countries, ranging from Slovenia and Armenia to Mongolia, observing the …

Nationalism As A Contingent Event: Som Ereflections On The Ethio-Eriterean Experience, Mesfin Araya

International Conference on African Development Archives

What is politically significant and what really attracts scholarly research in any nationalism is the awakening of the masses - i.e. the effective transition from elite-based to mass-based nationalism; this study is concerned with that transition in the Eritrean experience in the modern political history of Ethiopia.

Ethiopia: An Alternative Approach To National Development, Daniel Kendie

International Conference on African Development Archives

The existing Ethiopian constitution that is based on ethnicity should be discarded and replaced by another constitution that recognizes territorial nationalism, which manifested itself in historic Ethiopia as regionalism or provincialism. The historically established status of the provinces of Arussie, Bale, Gondar, Harar, Shoa, Sidamo, Tigrai, Wollo, Wollega, and so on, would have to be restored. A federal constitution which corresponds to Ethiopia’s historical experiences, but modified to suit its present conditions, and based on such principles as the rule of law, state secularism, a bill of rights, a system of checks an balances, political and economic pluralism, including the …

Perspectives On Institutional Reform And Development In Ethiopia: The Critical Role Of Building Enabling Institutions For Economic Growth And Development, Sisay Asefa

International Conference on African Development Archives

This paper provides some normative perspectives on sustainable economic and political reform in contemporary Ethiopia, by focusing on the need to establish enabling institutions for economic growth and development. The paper begins with the basic premise that poverty in Ethiopia is primarily a problem of institutional failure, and that at a successful economic reform not only must be focused on poverty-focused economic growth in a country where about 50 percent of the population is below the poverty line, but it must also be accompanied with institutional reform and development that may result in a positive-sum outcome for all constituent groups …

From Marxism-Leninism To Ethnicity: The Sideslips Of Ethiopian Elitism, Messay Kebede

International Conference on African Development Archives

For many scholars, colonialism and neocolonial policies remain the root causes of Africa’s numerous impediments, ranging from the persistence of poverty to the ravages of ethnic conflicts. However, the number of scholars who prefer to ascribe these impediments essentially to the persistence of traditional views and methods and to the lack of reforms radical enough to trigger a sustained process of modernization is not negligible. My position contests this either-or debate and identifies the culprit as the rise of African elitism--a phenomenon implicating the specific effect of colonialism in conjunction with internal African contributions. I take the case of Ethiopia …

Distance Education Initiative For Ethiopia, Abebe Kebede

International Conference on African Development Archives

In Ethiopia the last three decades have been marred with political, social and economic turmoil. These decades have also witnessed a significant decline in the education system of the country. The system has failed miserably to keep up with demand. Among the major contributing factors for the deterioration of the educational system are the growth in enrollment, lack funding for infrastructure and innovation. For example primary school enrollment increased from about 957,300 in 1974/75 to nearly 2,450,000 in 1985/86. (Country Studies, 1996) According to government statistics during the same period primary schools grew from 3,196 to 7,900. These numbers are …

Economic Reforms And Structural Changes In Ethiopia Since 1992; An Inquiry, Prabhakar Reddy Tada

International Conference on African Development Archives

Since the beginning of the nineties, Ethiopia has been experiencing significant political, economic and social changes. Despite the efforts of the Ethiopian government to strengthen market economy mechanisms and to decentralize and regionalize decision making structures, the country is still facing a number of problems such as poverty, soil degradation, regional conflicts etc. The elaboration of sound development strategies is essential to promote economic growth, and to alleviate poverty in the context of limited resources. In brief, the economy is undergoing the process of transformation in all most all the fields. In this context, the paper is an attempt to …