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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Stress: What Is It And How Can It Be Quantified?, T. H. Friend
Stress: What Is It And How Can It Be Quantified?, T. H. Friend
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
An animal may be considered to be in a state of stress if abnormal behavior or extreme adjustments in its behavior or physiology are necessary in order to cope with adverse aspects of its environment. Methods used to determine if an animal is stressed can be either behavioral or physiological. Behavioral methods may be highly erroneous due to their subjective nature since alterations in behavior do not necessarily prove that an animal is stressed. There is no single measure of stress that can be used in all situations at this time. Every measure must be critically evaluated to ensure that …
Beyond Conspecifics: Is Brer Rabbit Our Brother?, Gordon Burghardt, Harold Herzog
Beyond Conspecifics: Is Brer Rabbit Our Brother?, Gordon Burghardt, Harold Herzog
Experimentation Collection
Today, on many fronts, there is renewed interest in our relationship with nonhuman animals. Many factors have contributed to this concern. Environmental and ecological awareness has drawn public attention to the near extermination of many species and the detrimental effects of pollution, pesticides, and habitat destruction. The inefficiency of transmuting vegetable protein to meat has added to the traditional moral arguments of vegetarians. The widespread questioning of government support for basic research has been intertwined with suspicions about the use and worth of any studies on animals, even those purporting to help understand human medical and behavioral problems. New evidence …
Ethology And Laboratory Animal Welfare, James A. Cohen
Ethology And Laboratory Animal Welfare, James A. Cohen
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
No abstract provided.
Problems With Kosher Slaughter, Temple Grandin
Problems With Kosher Slaughter, Temple Grandin
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Ritual slaughter to produce kosher meat is rooted in the teachings and writings of the Talmud. However, the preslaughter handling features of modern systems, particularly the shackling and hoisting of large steers, contravene the basic message of humaneness included in the teachings. The throat-cutting of a live, conscious animal is relatively pain-free, provided that certain precautions are followed, but U.S. kosher plants need to install newly developed conveyor-restrainer systems to eliminate the abuses of shackling and hoisting. Conveyor-restrainer systems for large and small animals are discussed.
The Psychological Relations Hip Between Dairy Cows And Dairy Cowmen And Its Implications For Animal Welfare, Martin F. Seabrook
The Psychological Relations Hip Between Dairy Cows And Dairy Cowmen And Its Implications For Animal Welfare, Martin F. Seabrook
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Stress On Livestock And Meat Quality Prior To And During Slaughter, Temple Grandin
The Effect Of Stress On Livestock And Meat Quality Prior To And During Slaughter, Temple Grandin
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The effects of stress on cattle, pigs and sheep prior to slaughter are reviewed. Long-term preslaughter stress, such as fighting, cold weather, fasting and transit, which occurs 12 to 48 hours prior to slaughter depletes muscle glycogen, resulting in meat which has a higher pH, darker color, and is drier. Short-term acute stress, such as excitement or fighting immediately prior to slaughter, produced lactic acid from the breakdown of glycogen. This results in meat which has a lower pH, lighter color, reduced water binding capacity, and is possibly tougher. Psychological stressors, such as excitement and fighting, will often have a …
Roadside Zoos Are Not Zoos
Close Up Reports
The HSUS was one of the first national animal welfare organizations to take a long, hard look at all zoos, including roadside menageries. During the last nine years, we have worked intensively, conducting zoo inspections, public education and awareness programs, and developing a working relationship with the professional zoological community as well as U.S. Government agencies charged with the welfare of animals.
Roadside Zoos Are Not Zoos
Close Up Reports
HSUS launches campaign against more than 1,000 menageries of misery
National Forest Minerals Management [Outline], Jerry L. Haggard
National Forest Minerals Management [Outline], Jerry L. Haggard
Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources: A Short Course (Summer Conference, July 28-August 1)
3 pages.
The Public Lands: Development Of Federal Policy, Charles F. Wilkinson
The Public Lands: Development Of Federal Policy, Charles F. Wilkinson
Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources: A Short Course (Summer Conference, July 28-August 1)
9 pages.
Agenda: Federal Lands, Laws And Policies And The Development Of Natural Resources: A Short Course, University Of Colorado. School Of Law, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center
Agenda: Federal Lands, Laws And Policies And The Development Of Natural Resources: A Short Course, University Of Colorado. School Of Law, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center
Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources: A Short Course (Summer Conference, July 28-August 1)
Even before the [Natural Resources Law] Center was established [in the fall of 1981], the [University of Colorado] School of Law was organizing annual natural resources law summer short courses. To date four programs have been presented:
- July 1980: "Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources"
- June 1981: "Water Resources Allocation: Laws and Emerging Issues"
- June 1982: "New Sources of Water for Energy Development and Growth: lnterbasin Transfers"
- June 1983: "Groundwater: Allocation, Development and Pollution"
(Reprinted from Resource Law Notes, no. 1, Jan. 1984, at 1.)
Instructors for this conference included University …
Live Animals In Car Crash Studies, Nancy Heneson
Live Animals In Car Crash Studies, Nancy Heneson
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
No abstract provided.
Nsmr: Its Image, Direction And Future, J. Russell Lindsey
Nsmr: Its Image, Direction And Future, J. Russell Lindsey
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The following speech was presented by Dr. Lindsey, Chairman of the University of Alabama Department of Comparative Medicine, at the Annual Board Meeting of the National Society for Medical Research (NSMR), Chicago, Illinois, November 10, 1979.
Definition Of The Concept Of ''Humane Treatment" In Relation To Food And Laboratory Animals, Bernard E. Rollin
Definition Of The Concept Of ''Humane Treatment" In Relation To Food And Laboratory Animals, Bernard E. Rollin
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The very title of this talk makes a suggestion which must be forestalled, namely the idea that laboratory and food animals enjoy some exceptional moral status by virtue of the fact that we use them. In fact, it is extremely difficult to find any morally relevant grounds for distinguishing between food and laboratory animals and other animals and, far more dramatically, between animals and humans. The same conditions which require that we apply moral categories to humans rationally require that we apply them to animals as well. While it is obviously pragmatically impossible in our current sociocultural setting to expect …
Meetings And Announcements
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
- Meeting Report - Animals in Research
- Announcement - Abstract exchange
- New APHIS administrator
- Newsletter on the Human-Companion Animal Bond
- Veterinarians for Animal Protection
- New editor for Equine Study Group
- Bibliography of Animal Ethology
A Review Of The Behavioural Mechanism Of Milk Ejection Of The Domestic Pig, David Fraser
A Review Of The Behavioural Mechanism Of Milk Ejection Of The Domestic Pig, David Fraser
Feeding Behavior Collection
The domestic pig has complex nursing and suckling behaviour, consisting of several distinct phases of suckling by the piglets and a characteristic pattern of grunting by the sow. A review of observations and experimental findings suggests cause-and-effect relationships between the different elements of sow and piglet behaviour, and the relationship of the behaviour to milk ejection. Characteristic features of pig nursing and suckling behaviour are interpreted as an adaptation promoting even distribution of milk among a number of precocious litter-mates.
Sampling Problems And Interpretation Of Chemical Analysis Of Mineral Springs Used By Wildlife, D. Fraser, E. Reardon, F. Dieken, B. Loescher
Sampling Problems And Interpretation Of Chemical Analysis Of Mineral Springs Used By Wildlife, D. Fraser, E. Reardon, F. Dieken, B. Loescher
Habitat Assessment and Management Collection
Mineral-rich springs used by wildlife were studied in order to develop an appropriate sampling technique. The mineral content of the water varied spatially within a lick, apparently because of contamination by nonlick water and animal urine. The spring source usually could be located with a conductivity meter. Samples contaminated by animal urine could be recognized by their high N content and usually by their color. The distinctive chemical composition of licks is best appreciated by comparing filtered samples of lick water with nonlick water collected nearby. Field filtration was necessary when samples were preserved with acid for trace-metal analysis. Soil …
Laboratory Animals And Alternatives In The 80'S, Andrew N. Rowan
Laboratory Animals And Alternatives In The 80'S, Andrew N. Rowan
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
No abstract provided.
Drugs & Horse Racing
Close Up Reports
HSUS working to end use of drugs at tracks--new bill introduced in House & Senate
The Social Ecology Of Coyotes, Marc Bekoff, Michael C. Wells
The Social Ecology Of Coyotes, Marc Bekoff, Michael C. Wells
Ethology Collection
No abstract provided.
Emergency Feed Grain Storage For New England, William J. Hanekamp, Stanley K. Seaver
Emergency Feed Grain Storage For New England, William J. Hanekamp, Stanley K. Seaver
Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station
No abstract provided.
Economic Appraisal Of Water Transportation Of Feed Grain To New England, An, John Barton, Stanley K. Seaver, William J. Hanekamp
Economic Appraisal Of Water Transportation Of Feed Grain To New England, An, John Barton, Stanley K. Seaver, William J. Hanekamp
Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station
No abstract provided.
The Public Governance Of Science And Research Animal Welfare, T. E. Malone
The Public Governance Of Science And Research Animal Welfare, T. E. Malone
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The following is excerpted from a speech given by Dr. Thomas E. Malone, Deputy Director of the National Institutes of Health, at the 26th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Scientists (AALAS), Anaheim, California, October 5, 1977.
Bruises And Carcass Damage, Temple Grandin
Bruises And Carcass Damage, Temple Grandin
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
Bruising and carcass damage is a major source of financial loss to slaughterhouses in the United States, approximately $46 million per annum. The absence of easily administered tests to determine where and/or when bruising occurs results in the slaughter plant absorbing carcass damage costs. Rough, abusive handling of livestock accounts for over half of all bruising. Injuries occur through overuse of persuaders, careless transport methods, and faulty equipment. Other elements relevant to carcass loss include branding cattle, abscesses, spreader and crippling injuries, sickness and death during extreme weather conditions, and carcass shrink. The 1979 regulations under the Humane Methods of …
Animals Are Suffering: Hsus Seeks To End Rabbit Blinding Tests
Animals Are Suffering: Hsus Seeks To End Rabbit Blinding Tests
Close Up Reports
The research industry has long held that the use of animals is the only "reliable" way we have of determining the safety of a cosmetic, drug, or household product. Over the years this belief has served to support scientists as they subjected animals to many tests. The American public has seen little of the massive animal suffering that has taken place in the research labs.
Today, a new debate is taking place. People from all walks of life are asking if all the suffering and death is worth it. Many research scientists have joined the ranks of those who are …
Small Fishing Ports In Southern New England, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Ib, James Acheson, John T. Poggie Jr., Richard B. Pollnac
Small Fishing Ports In Southern New England, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Ib, James Acheson, John T. Poggie Jr., Richard B. Pollnac
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
Social and cultural aspects of fisheries management were examined to establish basic data on the fishing communities and fisheries of southern New England. Five small ports were selected for study--Newport, Chatham, and Westport, Massachusetts; Newport, Rhode Island; and Stonington, Connecticut. These ports differ in terms of local, social, and geographical conditions, fishing styles, and emphases. Results of the study show that these ports act as a backup for the industry as a whole by (1) providing sources of fish for local markets; (2) using low energy models which reduce energy costs; (3) allowing individual fishermen a greater opportunity to find …
A Model Of Adaptive Behavior In The New England Fishing Industry, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Iii, James Acheson, James A. Wilson
A Model Of Adaptive Behavior In The New England Fishing Industry, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Iii, James Acheson, James A. Wilson
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
This volume is the third in a three volume series of reports submitted to the National Science Foundation for a project entitled "University of Rhode Island, University of Maine Study of Social and Cultural Aspects of Fisheries Management Under Extended Jurisdiction" (N.S.F. Grant Number AER77-060l8). This project was funded through the RANN Directorate of N.S.F. (Research Applied to National Needs), and was designed to provide data on social, cultural, and economic aspects of the New England fishinq scene which would be of value to those in industry and government concerned with managing the marine fisheries of the northeastern part of …
The Fishing Ports Of Maine And New Hampshire: 1978, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume I, James Acheson, Ann Acheson, John R. Bort, Jayne Lello
The Fishing Ports Of Maine And New Hampshire: 1978, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume I, James Acheson, Ann Acheson, John R. Bort, Jayne Lello
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
This volume is part of a final report on social science aspects of fisheries management in New England and is divided into three sections. In Section I, general background information is given concerning aspects of the fisheries in northern New England. Included is a history of fishing in the area, general information on the coastal environment and biology of major species caught and a background on fishing boats and gear, marketing and processing, and the legal environment. Section II describes each of the ports in Maine and New Hampshire, as they were in the baseline year of 1978, outlining the …
Essays On Social And Cultural Aspects Of New England Fisheries: Implications For Management, 1980 Final Report, Volume Ii, James Acheson
Essays On Social And Cultural Aspects Of New England Fisheries: Implications For Management, 1980 Final Report, Volume Ii, James Acheson
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
This volume provides baseline data on the fishing communities and fisheries of New England, information on key values and social institutions, and a model for applying social science information to problems of fisheries management. Articles presented on institutions and values range from discussions of occupational commitment and types of fishermen and fish markets to studies of fishermen's wives and kinship. Several types of innovation, including a metal lobster trap and electronic fishing gear, are reported, and the social and economic factors that determine their adoption or non-adoption are considered. Four articles on applications of social and economic information to specific …
Attitudes Towards Limited Entry Among Fin Fishermen In Northern New England, James Acheson
Attitudes Towards Limited Entry Among Fin Fishermen In Northern New England, James Acheson
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Management of marine fisheries by "limited entry legislation" promises not only to protect the breeding stock and increase catches,but also to improve economic efficiency and increase returns to fishermen. It will also undoubtedly disrupt existing social and economic relationships. While no limited entry legislation is in effect in New England, fishermen know about the limited entry management option and have strong opinions that are certain to influence politicial support. Some of the 190 Maine and New Hampshire fishermen interviewed favor or oppose such legislation because their own "economic selfinterest" would be positively or negatively affected. Most, however, oppose or favor …