Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines For Children And Youth: An Integration Of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, And Sleep, Mark S. Tremblay, Valerie Carson, Jean-Phillipe Chaput, Sarah Connor Gorber, Thy Dinh, Mary Duggan, Guy Faulkner, Casey E. Gray, Reut Gruber, Katherine Janson, Ian Janssen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Michelle E. Kho, Amy E. Latimer-Cheung, Claire Leblanc, Anthony D. Okely, Timothy Olds, Russell R. Pate, Andrea Phillips, Veronica Poitras, Sophie Rodenburg, Margaret Sampson, Travis J. Saunders, James A. Stone, Gareth Stratton, Shelly K. Weiss, Lori Zehr

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Leaders from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5-17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period). The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and systematic reviews of evidence informing the guidelines were assessed using the …

Correlates Of Gross Motor Competence In Children And Adolescents: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Lisa M. Barnett, Samuel Lai, Sanne Veldman, Louise L. Hardy, Dylan P. Cliff, Philip J. Morgan, Avigdor Zask, David R. Lubans, Sarah Shultz, Nicola D. Ridgers, Elaine Rush, Helen Brown, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Gross motor competence confers health benefits, but levels in children and adolescents are low. While interventions can improve gross motor competence, it remains unclear which correlates should be targeted to ensure interventions are most effective, and for whom targeted and tailored interventions should be developed. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to identify the potential correlates of gross motor competence in typically developing children and adolescents (aged 3–18 years) using an ecological approach. Methods Motor competence was defined as gross motor skill competency, encompassing fundamental movement skills and motor coordination, but excluding motor fitness. Studies needed to …

Reducing Electronic Media Use In 2-3 Year-Old Children: Feasibility And Efficacy Of The Family@Play Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial, Trina Hinkley, Dylan P. Cliff, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Participation in electronic media use among 2-3 year olds is high and associated with adverse health and developmental outcomes. This study sought to test the feasibility and potential efficacy of a family-based program to decrease electronic media (EM) use in 2-3-year-old children. Methods Family@play was a six-session pilot randomised controlled trial delivered to parents of 2-3 year-old children from August to September 2012 in a community environment in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Development of program content was guided by Social Cognitive and Family Systems Theories. The primary outcome was children's electronic media use. Secondary outcomes …

Why Screen Time Before Bed Is Bad For Children, Sarah P. Loughran

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Sleep is an essential part of our development and wellbeing. It is important for learning and memory, emotions and behaviours, and our health more generally. Yet the total amount of sleep that children and adolescents are getting is continuing to decrease. Why? Although there are potentially many reasons behind this trend, it is emerging that screen time - by way of watching television or using computers, mobile phones and other electronic mobile devices - may be having a large and negative impact on children's sleep.

A Preliminary Multiple Case Report Of Neurocognitive Training For Children With Ad/Hd In China, Han Jiang, Stuart J. Johnstone

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This preliminary multiple case study examined the behavioral outcomes of neurocognitive training on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) in China, as well as parent acceptance of the treatment. The training approach targeted working memory, impulse control, and attention/relaxation (via brain electrical activity). Outcome measures included overt behavior as rated by parents and teachers, AD/HD symptom frequency, and parent opinion/feedback. Training was completed by five individuals and delivered via a themed computer game with electroencephalogram (EEG) input via a wireless, single-channel, dry-sensor, portable measurement device. The objective (i.e., training outcomes and EEG) and subjective (i.e., parent ratings/feedback and teacher ratings) data …

Effects Of Integrated Physical Exercises And Gestures On Preschool Children's Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Anthony D. Okely, Paul A. Chandler, Dylan P. Cliff, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research suggests that integrating human movement into a cognitive learning task can be effective for learning due to its cognitive and physiological effects. In this study, the learning effects of enacting words through whole-body movements (i.e., physical exercise) and part-body movements (i.e., gestures) were investigated in a foreign language vocabulary task. Participants were 111 preschool children of 15 childcare centers, who were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Participants had to learn 14 Italian words in a 4-week teaching program. They were tested on their memory for the words during, directly after, and 6 weeks after the program. In …

Watch Your Step Children! Learning Two-Digit Numbers Through Mirror-Based Observation Of Self-Initiated Body Movements, Margina Ruiter, Sofie M. M Loyens, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It was investigated whether task-related body movements yield beneficial effects on children's learning of two-digit numbers and whether these learning effects are affected by mirror-based self-observation of those movements. Participants were 118 first-graders, who were randomly assigned to two movement conditions and two non-movement control conditions. In the movement conditions, children were instructed to build two-digit numbers by making and simultaneously verbalizing out loud different sized steps representing the smaller units the numbers consisted of (e.g., the number "36" was construed by saying out loud "10," "20," "30," "35," "36," while making three big steps, one medium, and one small …

Modelling The Contribution Of Walking Between Home And School To Daily Physical Activity In Primary Age Children, Rebecca M. Stanley, Carol Maher, James Dollman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

The purpose of this study was to identify the independent association of frequency of walking trips between home and school with daily physical activity in a sample of school-aged children.

Methods

Participants were 109 children (mean age = 12.05 years [±0.71]) attending nine primary schools in Adelaide, South Australia. Physical activity was derived from accelerometers with total counts as the outcome variable. Transport patterns were self-reported for each of the previous five school days. Walking trips were summed for each day and across the school week. The relationship between the number of active transport journeys and individual school day …

Preschool Children's Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning By Embodying Words Through Physical Activity And Gesturing, Konstantina Toumpaniari, Sofie M. M Loyens, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research has demonstrated that physical activity involving gross motor activities can lead to better cognitive functioning and higher academic achievement scores. In addition, research within the theoretical framework of embodied cognition has shown that embodying knowledge through the use of more subtle motor activities, such as task-relevant gestures, has a positive effect on learning. In this study, we investigated whether combining both physical activities and gestures could improve learning even more in a 4-week intervention program on foreign language vocabulary learning in preschool children. The main hypothesis that learning by embodying words through task-relevant enactment gestures and physical activities would …

Examining The Interpretations Children Share From Their Reading Of An Almost Wordless Picture Book During Independent Reading Time, Jessica Mantei, Lisa K. Kervin

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper shares findings from part of a larger project exploring students' interpretations of children's literature during independent reading time. Examined in this paper are interpretations by students in Grade 4 (aged 9-10 years) about the messages conveyed in the almost wordless picture book 'Mirror' by author and artist Jeannie Baker. 'Mirror' shares a multicultural perspective on life through its portrayal through collage of the lives of two families living in different countries. Data were collected as semi-structured interviews and observations recorded as field notes. Chambers' (1994) 'Tell Me' framework informed the question schedule of the semi-structured interviews, which were …

An Assessment Of Dental Caries Among Young Aboriginal Children In New South Wales, Australia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Leanne Smith, Anthony Blinkhorn, Rachael Moir, Ngiare J. Brown, Fiona Blinkhorn

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Limited research has been undertaken in Australia to assess the dental status of pre-school Aboriginal children. This cross-sectional study records the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) and surfaces (dmfs) of pre-school Aboriginal children living in different locations in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods: A convenience sample of young children from seven Aboriginal communities in rural, remote and metropolitan areas of NSW, was recruited. One calibrated examiner recorded the dmft/s of children with written parental consent. Results: 196 children were invited to participate and 173 children aged two to five years were examined, a response rate …

Measuring Food Brand Awareness In Australian Children: Development And Validation Of A New Instrument, Laura Turner, Bridget P. Kelly, Emma J. Boyland, Adrian E. Bauman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Children's exposure to food marketing is one environmental determinant of childhood obesity. Measuring the extent to which children are aware of food brands may be one way to estimate relative prior exposures to food marketing. This study aimed to develop and validate an Australian Brand Awareness Instrument (ABAI) to estimate children's food brand awareness. Methods The ABAI incorporated 30 flashcards depicting food/drink logos and their corresponding products. An abbreviated version was also created using 12 flashcards (ABAI-a). The ABAI was presented to 60 primary school aged children (7-11yrs) attending two Australian after-school centres. A week later, the full-version was …

Reading The Mind Of Children In Response To Food Advertising: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Malaysian Schoolchildren's Attitudes Towards Food And Beverages Advertising On Television, See Hoe Ng, Bridget P. Kelly, Chee Hee Se, Sharmela Sahathevan, Karuthan Chinna, Mohd Noor Ismail, Tilakavati Karupaiah

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

Television food advertising (TVFA) is the most dominant medium in the obesogenic environment promoting unhealthy food choices in children.

Methods

This cross-sectional study investigated children’s attitudes towards TVFA by examining four well-cited induction factors namely advertisement recognition, favourite advertisement, purchase request, and product preference. Malaysian urban schoolchildren (7 to 12 years) of equal ethnic distribution were voluntarily recruited (n = 402). Questionnaire administration was facilitated using a food album of 24 advertised food products.

Results

Majority of children were older (66.2 %), girls (56.7 %) with one-third either overweight or obese. TV viewing time for weekend was greater …

The Influence Of Neighbourhood Green Space On Children's Physical Activity And Screen Time: Findings From The Longitudinal Study Of Australian Children, Taren Sanders, Xiaoqi Feng, Paul P. Fahey, Chris Lonsdale, Thomas Astell-Burt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: It is often hypothesised that neighbourhood green space may help prevent well-known declines in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour that occur across childhood. As most studies in this regard are cross-sectional, the purpose of our study was to use longitudinal data to examine whether green space promotes active lifestyles as children grow older. Methods: Data came from participants (n=4983; age=4-5) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a nationally representative study on health and child development. Physical activity and screen time were measured biennially (2004-2012) using questionnaires and time use diaries. Quantity of neighbourhood green space was …

Enhancing Children's Ability To Self-Regulate Through Interactive Stories, Thomasin Powell, Steven J. Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The Inaugural Early Start Conference, 28-30 September 2015, Wollongong, Australia

Enhancing Self-Regulation In Young Children, Steven J. Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Presentation from The Inaugural Early Start Conference, 28-30 September 2015, Wollongong, Australia

Enhancing Executive Function And Self-Regulation In Young Children, Steven J. Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Presentation made at the American Psychological Association 2015 Convention, 6-9 August 2015, Toronto, Canada

The Impact Of Marketing Of 'Junk' Foods On Children's Diet And Weight, Bridget P. Kelly, Lesley King

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Contemporary Western(ised) society is typified by pervasive and aggressive brand promotion, through all communication platforms. Food promotion in particular is a dominant area of marketing, particularly the marketing by large multinational food companies that manufacturer less healthy foods and beverages (Cairns et al. , 2013). The ubiquitous marketing of these unhealthy foods contributes to creating a negative food culture that undermines international and national nutrition recommendations and guidelines for disease prevention. Specifically, frequent exposure to persuasive promotions for unhealthy foods serves to normalise these food products as part of everyday life, create positive brand images, and ultimately encourage (over) consumption …

Children's Implicit Recall Of Junk Food, Alcohol And Gambling Sponsorship In Australian Sport, Amy Bestman, Samantha L. Thomas, Melanie J. Randle, Stuart Dm Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: In Australia, sport is saturated by the promotion of junk food, alcohol and gambling products. This is particularly evident on player jerseys. The effect of this advertising on children, who are exposed to these messages while watching sport, has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this research study was to investigate: (1) the extent to which children implicitly recalled shirt sponsors with the correct sporting team; (2) whether children associated some types of sponsors with certain sporting codes more than others; and (3) whether age of the children influenced the correct recall of sponsoring brands and teams. Method: …

Performance And Erp Components In The Equiprobable Go/No-Go Task: Inhibition In Children, Robert J. Barry, Frances M. De Blasio

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The equiprobable go/no-go task lacks the dominant go imperative found in the usual go/no-go task, and hence we previously regarded it as involving little inhibition. However, children have relative difficulty with this task, and demonstrate large frontal no-go N2s. We investigated whether this child N2 plays an inhibitory role, using performance measures to illuminate the link between N2 and inhibition. Forty children aged 8 to 13 were presented with four stimulus blocks each containing 75 go and 75 no-go tone stimuli in random order. A temporal PCA with unrestricted varimax rotation quantified the mean go and no-go ERP component amplitudes. …

Parental Goal Orientations For Their Kindergarten Children: Introducing The Nuremberg Parental Goal Orientation Scales (Nupagos), Marold Reutlinger, Anke Ballmann, Wilma Vialle, Zhitian Zhang, Albert Ziegler

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study introduces the Nuremberg Parental Goal Orientation Scales (NuPaGOS) which were designed to measure kindergarten children's parents' goal orientations for their children. The postulated four goal orientations are learning goal orientation, performance goal orientation, well-being goal orientation and fear of over-demanding orientation. We expected that the four factors underlie a g-factor. The hypothesis concerning the structure of the goal orientations was confirmed in a study with 203 parents of kindergarten children. Correlational analyses with validation variables provide initial evidence for the concurrent and discriminant validity of the NuPaGOS.

Reducing Cognitive Load: The Effects Of Gesturing On Children's Effective Working Memory Capacity, Sahar Bokosmaty, Steven J. Howard, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 8th Cognitive Load Theory Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, June 15th - 17th, 2015.

Young Children's Affective Responses To Another's Distress: Dynamic And Physiological Features, Elian Fink, James Heathers, Marc De Rosnay

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Two descriptive studies set out a new approach for exploring the dynamic features of children’s affective responses (sadness and interest-worry) to another’s distress. In two samples (N_study1 = 75; N_study2 = 114), Kindergarten children were shown a video-vignette depicting another child in distress and the temporal pattern of spontaneous expressions were examined across the unfolding vignette. Results showed, in both study 1 and 2, that sadness and interest-worry had distinct patterns of elicitation across the events of the vignette narrative and there was little co-occurrence of these affects within a given child. Temporal heart rate changes (study …

Health And Development Of Children Born After Assisted Reproductive Technology And Sub-Fertility Compared To Naturally Conceived Children: Data From A National Study, Alastair G. Sutcliffe, Edward Melhuish, Jacqueline Barnes, Julian Gardiner

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In a non-matched case-control study using data from two large national cohort studies, we investigated whether indicators of child health and development up to 7 years of age differ between children conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART), children born after sub-fertility (more than 24 months of trying for conception) and other children. Information on ART use/sub-fertility was available for 23,649 children. There were 227 cases (children conceived through ART) and two control groups: 783 children born to sub-fertile couples, and 22,639 children born to couples with no fertility issues. In models adjusted for social and demographic factors there were significant …

We All Have A Role In Protecting Children: End The Silence On Abuse, Amy Conley Wright, Lynne M. Keevers

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The recent string of major child sexual assault scandals, in Australia and other countries, can create a feeling of disgust and an urge to look away from an ugly reality. Yet we must confront and take collective responsibility for child protection by acknowledging that it happens every day and that we have to talk about it. Societal silence on child sexual abuse protects perpetrators and enables abuse to continue. Child sexual assault is a lot more common than we may think. The Australian Institute of Family Studies reported in 2013 that as many as one in six boys and one …

Active Commuting Amongst School Children And Adolescents In A Rural Area Of South Africa, Eva M. Craig

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract of a presentation at the Be Active 2014 Conference, 15-18 Oct, Canberra, Australia.

Reliability And Validity Of A Short Ffq For Assessing The Dietary Habits Of 2-5-Year-Old Children, Sydney, Australia, Victoria Flood, Li Ming Wen, Louise Hardy, Chris Rissel, J Simpson, Louise Baur

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective A simple FFQ which ranks young children's dietary habits is necessary for population-based monitoring and intervention programmes. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and validity of a short FFQ to assess the dietary habits of young children aged 2–5 years.

Design Parents completed a seventeen-item FFQ for their children by telephone on two occasions, two weeks apart. Sixty-four parents also completed 3 d food records for their children. The FFQ included daily servings of fruit and vegetables, frequency of eating lean meat, processed meats, take-away food, snack foods (biscuits, cakes, doughnuts, muesli bars), potato …

'Treats', 'Sometimes Foods', 'Junk': A Qualitative Study Exploring 'Extra Foods' With Parents Of Young Children, Nicholas A. Petrunoff, Rachel L. Wilkenfeld, Lesley King, Victoria Flood

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective The present study investigated parents' understanding and approaches to providing energy-dense and nutrient-poor 'extra foods' to pre-school children and explored variation between parents of low and high socio-economic status in relation to these issues. Design We conducted thirteen focus groups. Data were subject to framework analysis. Setting Child-care centres in distinctly socially disadvantaged and socially advantaged areas. Subjects Eighty-eight parents of children aged 3-5 years. Results The three most common terms parents identified to describe foods that are not 'everyday foods' were 'treats', 'sometimes foods' and 'junk'. Parents' perceptions regarding what influences them in providing food to their children …

Effects Of Problem Solving After Worked Example Study On Primary School Children's Monitoring Accuracy, Martine Baars, Tamara Van Gog, Anique De Bruin, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research on expository text has shown that the accuracy of students' judgments of learning (JOLs) can be improved by instructional interventions that allow students to test their knowledge of the text. The present study extends this research, investigating whether allowing students to test the knowledge they acquired from studying a worked example by means of solving an identical problem, either immediately or delayed, would enhance JOL accuracy. Fifth grade children (i) gave an immediate JOL, (ii) a delayed JOL, (iii) solved a problem immediately and then gave a JOL, (iv) solved a problem immediately and gave a delayed JOL, or …

Obesogenic Television Food Advertising To Children In Malaysia: Sociocultural Variations, See How Ng, Bridget Kelly, Chee H. Se, Karuthan Chinna, Mohd Jamil Sameeha, S Krishnasamy, Ismail Mn, Tilakavati Karupaiah

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Food advertising on television (TV) is well known to influence children’s purchasing requests and models negative food habits in Western countries. Advertising of unhealthy foods is a contributor to the obesogenic environment that is a key driver of rising rates of childhood obesity. Children in developing countries are more at risk of being targeted by such advertising, as there is a huge potential for market growth of unhealthy foods concomitant with poor regulatory infrastructure. Further, in developing countries with multi-ethnic societies, information is scarce on the nature of TV advertising targeting children.

Objectives: To measure exposure and …