Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Five Interconnections Of Race And Class, Michael Billeaux-Martinez, David Calnitsky

Sociology Publications

This paper proposes a five-part empirical typology of interconnections of race and class. We describe the mechanisms whereby (1) race is a form of class relation; (2) race relations and class relations reciprocally affect each other; (3) race acts as a sorting mechanism into class locations; (4) race acts as a mediating linkage to class locations; and (5) race interacts with class in determining other outcomes. Rather than insisting on one or another mechanism as the overarching framework for conceptualising the interconnections between race and class, we propose a theoretical integration of all five within a functionalist model. The model …

Approaches To Regulating Privacy Dark Patterns, Matthew Gaulton, Dominique Kelly, Jacquelyn Burkell

FIMS Publications

In this paper, we will evaluate new bills slated to replace the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) and offer stronger privacy dark pattern protections to Canadians.

Existing scholarship in the realm of privacy law, such as “Deceptive Design and Ongoing Consent in Privacy Law” by Jeremy Wiener and “Privacy Dark Patterns: A Case for Regulatory Reform in Canada” by Ademola Adeyoju, primarily focuses on creating frameworks for understanding privacy dark patterns in the law and explaining the pitfalls and legal inadequacies surrounding dark pattern legislation in Canada.

However, the aim of this paper diverges significantly. While acknowledging …

Examining How Users Perceive And Respond To Dark Patterns, Vicky Chung, Dominique Kelly, Jacquelyn Burkell

FIMS Publications

Dark patterns are user interface (UI) design elements that influence users to take actions that benefit an online service and that are generally not in the user’s best interest. Studies show that users demonstrate some awareness of and ability to identify dark patterns. Users also report experiencing negative emotions such as annoyance when encountering these tactics online. Yet, while users may abstractly understand that dark patterns exist, there is a disconnect between this understanding and their behavioural responses to manipulative design. Research has experimentally determined that dark patterns are effective at influencing users’ behaviour across different online activities, including consenting …

Identifying And Responding To Privacy Dark Patterns, Dominique Kelly, Jacquelyn Burkell

FIMS Publications

Privacy dark patterns are user interface design strategies intended to “nudge” users to reveal personal data, either directly or by enabling (or failing to disable) privacy-invasive platform/profile settings. Examples of privacy dark patterns on social media include defaults that enable the public display of posted content, warnings that follow attempts to reject personalized ads, and hidden “skip” buttons that make it more challenging to decline privacy-undermining requests such as to sync contacts.

Our project aims to minimize the impact of privacy dark patterns on Canadian youth. Building on our prior research documenting the use of these strategies on five social …

Identifying Dark Patterns In User Account Disabling Interfaces: Content Analysis Results, Dominique Kelly, Victoria L. Rubin

FIMS Publications

Dark patterns are user interface (UI) strategies deliberately designed to influence users to perform actions or make choices that benefit online service providers. This mixed methods study examines dark patterns employed by social networking sites (SNSs) with the intent to deter users from disabling accounts. We recorded our attempts to disable experimental accounts in 25 SNSs drawn from Alexa’s 2020 Top Sites list. As a result of our systematic content analysis of the recordings, we identified major types of dark patterns (Complete Obstruction, Temporary Obstruction, Obfuscation, Inducements to Reconsider, and Consequences) and unified them into a conceptual model, based on …

Experiential Learning In Language Revitalization, Anthony Tran

SASAH 4th Year Capstone and Other Projects: Publications

Language revitalization plays a crucial role in preserving cultural diversity and identity. It serves as a conduit to reconnect communities with their ancestral roots, promoting cultural continuity and helping create a sense of belonging. Furthermore, it offers a stand against the often destructive impacts of colonization and globalization, which frequently result in language loss. In this report, I narrate my enriching journey as a student researcher, working on language revitalization alongside Dr. Tania Granadillo during an my summer internship. This unique experience extensively involved language study, understanding colonialism, and significant personal growth in self-management skills, epitomized by a challenging yet …

Polisci 3210f: Feasibility Of A National Disability Insurance Plan (Ndip) In Canada, Twana Hassan, Aditi Priya, Dylan Poole, Samantha Rubin, Ethan Chen

Community Engaged Learning Final Projects

This research report presents an overview of the feasibility and reliability of a National Disability Insurance Plan (NDIP) in Canada. Several Global North countries are leading the way in disability legislation and disability funding in comparison to Canada's inaction on the matter. A National Disability Insurance Plan in Canada will have social and economic benefits for everyone in Canada. The report concluded that Canada is capable of implementing a NDIP and doing so is the right choice.

Looking In The Mirror: Including The Reflected Best Self Exercise In Management Curricula To Increase Students’ Interview Self-Efficacy, Jennifer Robertson, Noelle Baird, Mathew Mclarnon

Management and Organizational Studies Publications

Students often choose to pursue a business major during their post-secondary education to increase their chances of securing employment post-graduation. However, evidence suggests that many recent business degree graduates struggle with underemployment, highlighting the importance of examining how post-secondary institutions can better prepare students for the transition to work. In the current study, we investigated how including a personal strengths-driven intervention, the Reflected Best Self Exercise (RBSE), in management curricula may help better prepare students for securing employment by increasing students’ confidence in their ability to succeed in an employment interview (i.e., by enhancing interview self-efficacy). Using a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental …

The Inclusion Of Gender Minority Communities In Survey Research: A Report For The Consortium On Electoral Democracy, Quinn M. Albaugh

Reports

No abstract provided.

Confronting An Extractive Racialised Genre System: Black Lives Matter, Royalty Recovery And Musical Reparations, Olufunmilayo B. Arewa, Matt Stahl

FIMS Publications

Introduction to the chapter:

The political-economic practices of commercial music production may be plausibly analogised to a relation of plunder and redistribution, clothed in and (legally) legitimated by recording and publishing contracts. For African Americans, this was particularly true during the pre-Civil Rights era. During that time, entrepreneurs and companies that offered recording, song writing and publishing contracts to African Americans were able to take advantage of social-structural contexts of considerable societal racial exploitation and violence targeted at African Americans. Further, for all artists prior to (and even during) the digital era, the realities of the commercial recording industry have …

Fall Town Hall On Research Data Management, Megan Hurst, Christine Madsen, Kristi Thompson

Western Libraries Presentations

This Town Hall was held to share recommendations for Research Data Management at Western that result from a gap analysis to understand the RDM needs at Western, conducted by Athenaeum21, a strategy and technology consultancy engaged by Western for this work. The recommendations will inform the implementation of Western’s Research Data Management Strategy, which shapes Research Data Management at Western for all researchers, grant funded or not, student or faculty, regardless of discipline.

A Short History Of Oer, Emily Carlisle-Johnston

Western Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

Functions Of Disordered Eating Behaviors: A Qualitative Analysis Of The Lived Experience And Clinician Perspectives, Abbigail Kinnear, Jaclyn A. Siegel, Philip C. Masson, Lindsay P. Bodell

Psychology Publications

Background

One method to improve treatment outcomes for individuals with eating disorders (EDs) may be understanding and targeting individuals’ motives for engaging in DE behaviors—or the functions of DE behaviors. The goal of this study was to investigate and categorize the various functions of DE behaviors from the perspectives of adults who engage in DE behaviors and clinicians who treat EDs.

Methods

Individuals who engage in DE behaviors (n = 16) and clinicians who treat EDs (n = 14) were interviewed, and a thematic analysis was conducted to determine key functions of DE behaviors.

Results

Four main functions …

Unf@Cking People’S Problems: A Theory Of Policing, Laura Huey, Stephen Johnston

Sociology Publications

One of the problems that has plagued policing researchers over the past few decades – ourselves included -- is the interminable question of ‘what do police do?’ Some ideas, tasks, roles, institutions and other social creations are easy to define. Policing has not been one of those. In part, it’s because it’s not only a descriptive problem, it’s also a normative one. Once you start to address the question of what do police do, then you also have to wrestle with the much meatier issue of ‘what do we want police to do’? In this paper, we exercise our theory …

Issue Salience And Ownership In The 2019 And 2021 Canadian Federal Elections, Maxime St-Jean

Reports

This report uses the 2019 and 2021 Canadian Election Study (CES) to explore how political issues and social cleavages are perceived by the electorate in the 2019 and 2021 federal elections. We focus more specifically on three dimensions: first, what issues were most important in electors’ minds (which we refer to as issue salience); second, which parties were seen as best able to handle various issues (which we refer to as issue ownership by parties); and finally, the social bases of party perceptions.

Failed Jobs: Import Data To Primo Ve – Institutional Repository Edition, Alie Visser, Christina Zoricic

Western Libraries Presentations

Prior to migration Western Libraries used Summon for discovery and BePress for our institutional repository. Summon ingested BePress IR records no problem. Alma – not so much. At migration, we incorrectly assumed the ingest would function the same way in Alma. Attend to hear about our woes and commiserate. Maybe you can solve all of our problems!

Social Capital, Institutional Rules, And Constitutional Amendment Rates, William D. Blake, Joseph Francesco Cozza, David A. Armstrong Ii, Amanda Friesen

Political Science Publications

Why are some constitutions amended more frequently than others? The literature provides few clear answers, as some scholars focus on institutional factors, whereas others emphasize amendment culture. We bridge this divide with new theoretical and empirical insights. Using data from democratic constitutions worldwide and U.S. state constitutions, we examine how social capital reduces the transaction costs imposed by amendment rules. The results indicate that constitutional rigidity decreases amendment frequency, but group membership, civic activism, and political trust can offset the effect of amendment rules. Our findings have important implications for scholars in public law, constitutional and democratic theory, and social …

C-Dem 2023 Partners' Meeting Agenda May 5, Consortium On Electoral Democracy

Meeting Notes

No abstract provided.

C-Dem 2023 Partners' Meeting Notes, Consortium On Electoral Democracy

Meeting Notes

No abstract provided.

C-Dem 2023 Partners' Meeting May 5 Powerpoint Presentation, Consortium On Electoral Democracy

Meeting Notes

No abstract provided.

Stories Of Words, Numbers, And Communities: My Usri Research And Speak Fluent Marketing Internship Experiences, Choi Sze Leung

SASAH 4th Year Capstone and Other Projects: Publications

This report illustrates my experiential-learning opportunities, which took the form of two internships. In the summer of 2021, I worked as a marketing intern at Speak Fluent Speech Services, a speech clinic that provides speech and communication training for adults. Aside from designing posters for the clinic’s social-media campaigns, I also had the opportunity to write creative and professional copy and compile a campaign's key performance metrics into a marketing report. In my second internship, I was a research student in the Undergraduate Student Research Internship (USRI) program in the Anthropology department. In this internship, I conducted linguistics anthropology research …

Categorizing Written Responses With A Dictionary Approach, Maxime St-Jean

Reports

No abstract provided.

Enhancing Electoral Research In Canada: Feedback From Electoral Management Bodies And Researchers On Key Issues For Canadian Electoral Research, Katie Campbell

Reports

No abstract provided.

Psychology 3840g: Taking Out The Trash: Towards Responsible Waste Management Among London’S Post-Secondary Student Residents, Wendy Ellis, Noah Laskey, Sarina Lizotte, Bram Richmond

Community Engaged Learning Final Projects

The City of London’s off-campus student population exhausts much of the Waste Management Department’s time and resources with their irresponsible waste disposal habits. To better understand the factors affecting student waste mismanagement, a Qualtrics survey was administered on problematic streets populated largely by post-secondary students. This survey examined whether understanding one’s waste management expectations translated into responsible waste disposal. The survey also explored the impact of environmental, economic, and community concerns on waste management behaviours. Finally, students answered questions regarding perceived barriers to responsible waste management. Analyses revealed that students who understand waste management expectations are more likely to responsibly …

Political Participation Among Canadians: Are Young People Disengaging? Public Report (8) 2023-03-30, Maxime St-Jean

Reports

No abstract provided.

Open Or Openwashing? Preliminary Findings From A Content Analysis Of Publisher Websites, Courtney Waugh, Emily Carlisle-Johnston

FIMS Presentations

The term openwashing originated in 2009, when Michelle Thorne coined and defined it as the process of “spin[ning] a product or company as open, although it is not.” The term has since become more commonplace around scholars and practitioners, who sometimes call out acts of openwashing to signal that despite claims suggesting otherwise, a product, service, or company does not fulfill requirements to be Open.

A recent literature review by the authors concluded that while research on the topic is minimal, commentary on openwashing coalesces around two themes: marketing and transparency. Openness as a virtue has become a marketing asset …

C-Dem Advisory Council Meeting February 15, 2023, C-Dem Research Project

Meeting Notes

No abstract provided.

La Liberté D'Expression Et Les Propos Haineux: Les Attitudes Des Canadiennes Et Canadiens, Antoine Thériault

Reports

No abstract provided.

C-Dem 2023 Annual Report, Consortium On Electoral Democracy

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

2023-1 The Macroeconomic Consequences Of Subsistence Self-Employment, Juan Herreno, Sergio Ocampo

Department of Economics Research Reports

We evaluate the aggregate effects of expansions of credit supply in environments where subsistence self-employment is prevalent. We extend a standard macro development model to include unemployment risk, which becomes a key driver of selection into self-employment. The model is consistent with the joint distribution of earnings and occupations, the reaction of wages to labor demand shocks, and the small effects of expansions in the supply of microloans on the earnings of the self-employed. We find that the elasticity of aggregate output to expansions in credit supply is proportional to the elasticity of individual earnings. This proportionality arises due to …