Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Economic Value Of Hiking, James F. Casey

James F Casey

The paper tests ‘twoalternative specifications for the opportunity cost of time in travel cost models. The standard travel cost survey design is enriched to include a contingent valuation type question about peoples’ willingness to accept compensation to forgo a precisely defined recreational experience. It is hypothesized that individually revealed value of time more appropriately reflects the opportunity costs of time associated with a particular aspect of recreation than the wage rate which measures the trade-off between work and leisure generally. The results seem to indicate a better overall tit for the models with the elicited value of individual consumer’s time …

Review Of Game Theory And The Social Contract: Volume 1, Playing Fair By Ken Binmore, Eric Bennett Rasmusen

Eric Bennett Rasmusen

A review of Binmore's book using game theory in setting up foundations for constitutional theory.

Predictable And Unpredictable Error In Tort Awards: The Effect Of Plaintiff Self Selection And Signalling, Eric Bennett Rasmusen

Eric Bennett Rasmusen

If a tort plaintiff can predict that the court will overestimate damages he is more likely to bring a case, but if the court is aware of this, it may wish to adjust its awards accordingly. In general, court error implies that the court should adjust for regression to the mean, moderating extreme awards whether they be high or low. Predictable error, however, tends to make a downwards adjustment optimal and unpredictable error an upwards adjustment, because of plaintiff selection and signalling.

Trade And Transboundary Pollution, M. Scott Taylor, Brian R. Copeland

M. Scott Taylor

This paper examines how national income and trading opportunities interact to determine the level and incidence of world pollution. We find that: (1) free trade raises world pollution if incomes differ substantially across countries; (2) if trade equalizes factor prices, human-capital-abundant countries lose from trade, while human capital scarce countries gain; (3) international trade in pollution permits can lower world pollution even when governments' supply of permits is unrestricted; (4) international income transfers may not affect world pollution or welfare; and (5) attempts to manipulate the terms of trade with pollution policy leave world pollution unaffected.

Workplace Safety Is Everyone's Concern, Douglas J. Swanson Ed.D Apr

Douglas J. Swanson, Ed.D APR

No abstract provided.

Closing Military Bases (Finally)): Solving Collective Dilemmas Through Delegation, Kenneth R. Mayer

Kenneth R Mayer

No abstract provided.

Between The Lines: Seeking True Culpabaility, Mirah Riben

Mirah Riben

No abstract provided.

La Ciudad Es Un Libro Abierto, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

La tecnología y los medios de comunicación progresan a niveles históricos, con lo cual las distancias sociales, cronológicas e históricas se reducen. De esta manera, el tiempo y el espacio asumen nuevas connotaciones, redefiniendo la vida de la población. A nivel urbano se producen cambios notables en la relación comunicación y ciudad que se expresa en las nuevas formas de articulación interurbana, población-ciudad, gobierno local-sociedad y redes sociales.

How To Improve Your Professional Credibility, Douglas J. Swanson Ed.D Apr

Douglas J. Swanson, Ed.D APR

No abstract provided.

Results Of A Delphi Study On Transport Research Needs, Marcus Ramsay Wigan

Marcus R Wigan

A Delphi survey was undertaken with a selection of professionals in academic, government and consulting across the world. The objective was to identify the application areas where priorities should be placed, and the current status of the research and information tools needed to address them. For this reason both modelling and application experts were included. The shifts in priorities over the last five years, and the differences in view between the three sectors are presented. The attitudes towards a range of specific research and development directions were also assessed. Later republished in the Journal of Transport Statistics, but without this, …

Violencia, Drogras Y Alienación Cultural, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

América Latina es un continente crecientemente urbano. A fines del siglo más del 78% de su poblad6n vivirá en ciudades. Actualmente existen 65 áreas metropolitanas en la región.

Se ha modificado el rol de las ciudades, lo que trae consigo la aparición de nuevos problemas y nuevas dimensiones a viejos problemas. Entre los problemas nuevos destacan el deterioro del medio ambiente, y el de la violencia urbana o la inseguridad ciudadana. En realidad éste no es un problema nuevo, pues es consubstancial a la ciudad. Lo novedoso estriba en que hay nuevas manifestaciones de la violencia, yen que ésta se …

Avances Y Limitaciones En La Descentralización, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El Municipio ecuatoriano se constituyó corno instancia de gobierno local siguiendo el modelo español traído por los conquistadores, pero con mayor autonomía que en España debido a la distancia que lo separaba del poder central. Esta autonomía respecto de la corona española se contraponía con la dependencia aciertos grupos minoritarios locales. Tanto así que no hubo una clara separación entre lo público y lo privado, porque las dos esferas compartían el ejercicio de la autoridad negando las posibilidades de una más amplia participación y representación sociales.

A partir del siglo XVII, con la creación de las Reales Audiencias, se inicia …

A Survey Of Theories Of The Family, Ted Bergstrom

Ted C Bergstrom

This review explores the theory of household technology and the associated possibilities for distributing utility among household members. It also explores decision theory within the household, drawing on standard consumer decision theory. The review discusses models of equilbrium in which families are formed by persons voluntarily choosing mates. This theory is analogous to ``Tiebout theory'' in urban economics, where the objects of choice include not only the amount of public goods supplied in each city, but also which individuals live in each place. An aspect of family life that has fewer parallels in the economics of market economies is intrafamilial …

The Case For Affirmative Auction: From Conscience To Coffers, Ian Ayres, Peter Cramton

Peter Cramton

The Federal Communications Commission’s auction of wireless communication licenses last fall has been criticized as a huge Government giveaway because of the substantial bidding preferences granted to women and minorities. In March, Federal court action delayed the FCC’s June auction until August to consider the legality of similar preferences. But far from being a giveaway, affirmative action actually increased the total amount paid to the Government by about $15 million. Women and minority bidders were granted a 40 percent bidding credit on certain licenses and the right to pay the Government in installments over 10 years at a favorable rate. …

Internet Use And Training In University Libraries, Carol Tenopir, Ralf Neufang

Carol Tenopir

No abstract provided.

De La Violencia Urbana A La Convivencia Ciudadana, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

No se puede desconocer que el problema de la violencia delictual, como fenómeno social que tiene expresión en las ciudades, existe desde tiempos inmemoriales, y que, por tanto, no es nuevo, al grado que se podría decir, es consustancial a la ciudad. Tal afirmación nos debe llevar a replantear la tradicional aproximación que se ha hecho al tema de la violencia –pero también a lo urbano- desde aquellas metodologías que lo interpretan como resultado de un conjunto de patologías…

Credit, Market Women And Food Security In Mali, William G. Moseley

William G Moseley

Report on an NGO-supported micro-credit project for women in Mali.

How Optimal Penalties Change With The Amount Of Harm, Eric Bennett Rasmusen

Eric Bennett Rasmusen

Intuition tells us that the optimal penalty and court care should rise smoothly with the harm to the victim. A formal model is constructed to see if this intuition can be justified, but it appears not to be generally true: sometimes the optimal penalty and court care increase discontinuously with harm, even under reasonable assumptions on the relationship between the penalty and the amount of crime. One reason why criminal penalties are not maximal is that even if they are fines, without real costs, the efficient level of court care will still allow them to sometimes be mistakenly inflicted on …

Electoral Cycles In Federal Government Prime Contract Awards: State-Level Evidence From The 1988 And 1992 Presidential Elections, Kenneth R. Mayer

Kenneth R Mayer

I test for evidence of an electoral cycle in prime contract awards, testing for state-level accelerations in contract awards and deobligations induced by presidential elections.

A Burguesia Contra O Estado? Crise Política, Ação De Classe E Os Rumos Da Transição, Adriano Codato

Adriano Codato

This article discusses the bourgeoisie struggles against "nationalization" (1975-1976), and for "democracy" (1977-1978) and their relation to the transformations of the state system in Brazil after 1974. My objective here is to determine in what way certain organizational formats promoted by the Geisel government (1974-1979) significantly altered the current system of representation of "private" interests, based on corporatism, and its relation to the political conflicts from the "distension" period and the "political opening".

Latino Performance In Rural Public Schools: Grades 3,6,12, Refugio Rochin, Steve Hampton, Javier Ekboir

Refugio I. Rochin

Using multiple regression analysis, we compare non-Latino vs Latino test scores in rural school districts (grades 3,6,12) to determine the "effects" of Latino concentration, English proficiency, socio-economic status and school funding. We find relatively better test results for Latinos as Latino concentration increases. We provide theoretical hypothesis for more study.

Disseminatorik. Zur Dekonstruktion Der Techno-Logik, Rudolf Kaehr

Rudolf Kaehr

POLYKONTEXTURALE LOGIK. Zur Konzeption, Formalisierung und Validierung. PROÖMIK UND DISSEMINATORIK Abbreviaturen transklassischen Denkens. DISKONTEXTURALITATEN: WOZU NEUE FORMEN DES DENKENS? Zur Kritik der logischen Voraussetzungen der Second Order Cybernetics und der Systemtheorie DISSEMINATORIK: ZUR LOGIK DER 'SECOND ORDER CYBERNETICS' Von den 'Laws of Form' zur Logik der Reflexionsform VOM 'SELBST' IN DER SELBSTORGANISATION Reflexionen zu den Problemen der Konzeptionalisierung und Formalisierung selbstbezüglicher Strukturbildungen SUFI´S DRAI: WOZU DISKONTEXTURALITATEN IN DER AI ? KALKÜLE FÜR SELBSTREFERENTIALITAT ODER SELBSTREFERENTIELLE KALKÜLE? SKIZZE EINER GRAPHEMATISCHEN SYSTEMTHEORIE Zur Problematik der Heterarchie verteilter Systeme im Kontext der New „second-order“ Cybernetics EINÜBUNG IN EINE ANDERE LEKTÜRE. Diagramm einer Rekonstruktion …

Technology, Communication And The Future, David Morgan Lochhead

Dr. David Morgan Lochhead

The future in a "society of generalized communications." final reflection at Ecunet '95, Baltimore, Maryland, May 24, 1995

Food For Thought: Teacher Immediacy, Student Learning And Curvilinearity, Jamie Comstock, Elisa Rowell, John W. Bowers

Jayne Marie Comstock

Discusses the relationship between teacher nonverbal immediacy and student cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning. Theoretical and methodological aspects; Experimental design groups; Similarity of intact groups; Manipulation check; Testing effects; Cognitive gain measurement.

Latina Women And Political Leadership: Implications For Latino Community Development, Carol Hardy-Fanta Phd

Carol Hardy-Fanta

No abstract provided.

Open Adoption: Optimum Or Oxymoron?, Mirah Riben

Mirah Riben

Open adoption, an improvement over closed adoption, provides advantages when it works, unfortunately, in too many cases it turns out to be a an unkept promise that is unenforceable.

A theoretical concept in the best interest of children, open adoption is an oxymoron as long as every adoption begins with the relinquishment of all of the original mothers' parental rights.

Written in 1995, when "open adoption" was first starting, the article reports on the difference between truly open and semi open; the unenforceable nature of contact agreements, and stresses the need for agencies to be clear with all parties exactly …

A Perspective On Family Preservation, Mirah Riben

Mirah Riben

No abstract provided.

L'Entreprise En Droit, Jean-Philippe Robé

Jean-Philippe Robé

No abstract provided.

What's Wrong With Exploitation?, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

Abstract: Marx thinks that capitalism is exploitative, and that is a major basis for his objections to it. But what's wrong with exploitation, as Marx sees it? (The paper is exegetical in character: my object is to understand what Marx believed,) The received view, held by Norman Geras, G.A. Cohen, and others, is that Marx thought that capitalism was unjust, because in the crudest sense, capitalists robbed labor of property that was rightfully the workers' because the workers and not the capitalists produced it. This view depends on a Labor Theory of Property (LTP), that property rights are based ultimately …

In Defence Of Exploitation, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

The concept of exploitation is thought to be central to Marx's Critique of capitalism. John Roemer, an analytical (then-) Marxist economist now at Yale, attacked this idea in a series of papers and books in the 1970s-1990s, arguing that Marxists should be concerned with inequality rather than exploitation -- with distribution rather than production, precisely the opposite of what Marx urged in The Critique of the Gotha Progam.

This paper expounds and criticizes Roemer's objections and his alternative inequality based theory of exploitation, while accepting some of his criticisms. It may be viewed as a companion paper to my What's …