Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Attitudes Towards Anorexia Nervosa: Volitional Stigma Differences In A Sample Of Pre-Clinical Medicine And Psychology Students, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton

Peta B. Stapleton

Background:

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly stigmatised condition, with treatment often involving multidisciplinary care. As such, understanding and comparing the attitudes of emerging mental health and medical professionals towards AN, within the content of sex-based differences, is pertinent to facilitate the development of targeted stigma interventions.

Aims:

Examine the volitional stigmatisation of AN in emerging medical and mental health professionals.

Method:

Participants (N = 126) were medical (n = 41) and psychology students (n = 85) who completed a range of attitudinal outcome measures (e.g. Causal Attributions Scale, Eating Disorder Stigma Scale, Opinions Scale, Characteristics Scale and Affective Reaction …

I Knew It All Along, Unless I Had To Work To Learn What I Know, Harry Wallace, Michelle Chang, Patrick Carroll, Jodi Grace

Harry M. Wallace

After receiving knowledge regarding some topic, people usually overestimate their prior topic knowledge. Two experiments investigated whether people would claim less prior knowledge if they worked to earn their present knowledge. In Study 1, students finishing a psychology course claimed less precourse psychology knowledge if they reported devoting more effort toward the course. In Study 2, the knew-it-all-along effect was stronger for participants who were simply given the answers to questions than for participants who studied for 20 minutes to learn the answers. Both cognitive and motivational factors can account for the observed effects of effort investment on retrospective knowledge …

The Reflected Self: Creating Yourself As (You Think) Others See You, Dianne Tice, Harry Wallace

Harry M. Wallace

No abstract provided.

Clergy Sexual Abuse: Social Science Perspectives, Claire Renzetti, Sandra Yocum

Sandra A. Yocum

This book brings together experts primarily from the fields of criminology, criminal justice, law, and social work, but also cultural anthropology and psychology, to analyze clergy sexual abuse from the perspective of their individual disciplines. Contributors examine the latest data and analyses on the scope and impact of clergy sexual abuse, frame the problem in terms of sociological and criminological theories of crime and deviance, explore the social and legal issues the problem raises for the personal and communal life of faith communities, and discuss possibilities for reform, reconciliation, and healing. Covering sexual abuse of both minors and adults, chapters …

Witness Response Manipulation Through Strategic "Non-Leading" Questions (Or The Art Of Getting The Desired Answer By Asking The Right Question), Sydney Beckman

Sydney A. Beckman

No abstract provided.

Psychophysical Evidence For 3d Shape Detectors, Dawn Vreven

Dawn L Vreven

The visual system could determine the 3D shape of an object in one of two ways: 1) by comparing local disparity signals or 2) by coding disparity gradients directly with higher-level 3D shape detectors. If 3D shape detectors are used, then for equivalent disparities, observers should have lower stereoacuity thresholds between shapes than within shapes. Two psychophysical tasks support this hypothesis. Stimuli were 3D surfaces whose top and bottom edges lay in the fixation plane and whose centers contained crossed disparity. Surface disparity was signaled by disparate luminance contours at the right and left edges or by disparate random dots …

Contour Completion Through Depth Interferes With Stereoacuity, Dawn Vreven, Suzanne Mcvee, Preeti Verghese

Dawn L Vreven

Local disparity signals must interact in visual cortex to represent boundaries and surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) objects. We investigated how disparity signals interact in 3D contours and in 3D surfaces generated from the contours. We compared flat (single disparity) stimuli with curved (multi-disparity) stimuli. We found no consistent differences in sensitivity to contours vs. surfaces; for equivalent amounts of disparity, however, observers were more sensitive to flat stimuli than curved stimuli. Poor depth sensitivity for curved stimuli cannot be explained by the larger range of disparities present in the curved surface, nor by disparity averaging, nor by poor sensitivity to …

An Empirical Assessment Of Cooperative Groups In Large, Time-Compressed, Introductory Courses, Dawn Vreven, Susan Mcfadden

Dawn L Vreven

We measured student knowledge and motivation at the beginning and end of a three-week general psychology course. Two large lecture sections (N = 215 and N = 154) were compared; one used a cooperative learning process, and one did not. Student knowledge significantly improved in both sections, but there was no additional benefit derived from using cooperative learning. Interestingly, student motivation significantly "decreased" in the cooperative learning section. With recognition of the study's limitations, we conclude that cooperative learning has limited efficacy in large enrollment, compressed courses.

Adaptation To Interpolated Disparity, Dawn Vreven

Dawn L Vreven

Three-dimensional interpolation occurs when observers perceive surfaces that vary smoothly in depth despite sparse or absent image disparity. The neural mechanism(s) responsible for 3D interpolation are unknown. One possibility is that local disparity or depth information is propogated into blank image regions (Mitchinson & McKee, 1985). An alternate possibility is that surface-based 3D shape detectors mediate interpolation (Domini et al., 2001; Wilcox & Duke, 2003). Can a stereoscopic after-effect be obtained from the interpolated region of a 3D surface? Stereoscopic after-effects are explained by fatigue among neural mechanisms tuned to different disparities. The interpolated region of a 3D surface, however, …

Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth

Dawn L Vreven

Each frame of a Glass pattern consists of a random placement of dots and a spatially shifted copy of this pattern. Thus, each dot has a partner, forming dot-pair dipoles. When shown in succession, motion is perceived along the axis of the spatial shift. The perception of motion in dynamic Glass patterns is believed to be a two-stage process: first, local orientation detectors respond to the orientation signal in the dot-pair dipole; and second, global detectors integrate local orientation signals. We examined the ability to detect rotation in dynamic Glass patterns whose dipoles contained a) the same polarity, b) opposite …

Gr-Graph: Quattro Pro Templates And Macros For Producing Graphs And Tables To Accompany Samejima's Graded Response Model Analysis, David Gudanowski, Lynda King, Daniel King, Dawn Vreven

Dawn L Vreven

No abstract provided.

3d Shape Discrimination Using Relative Disparity Derivatives, Dawn Vreven

Dawn L Vreven

Three-dimensional (3D) shape discrimination could be achieved using relative disparity signals or it could be achieved using a higher-order disparity derivative detector. Two 3D shape discrimination tasks were used to distinguish between these possibilities: a within-shape task and a between-shape task. Disparity thresholds were larger when discriminating within the same shape than when discriminating between shapes. More importantly, within-shape discriminations were dependent on the pedestal disparity (distance from fixation) whereas between-shape discriminations were not. The results suggest that a mechanism sensitive to higher-order disparity derivatives can achieve discrimination between different 3D shapes.

Configuration Effects In The Stereoprocessing Of 3d Surfaces, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese, Suzanne Mckee

Dawn L Vreven

Recently (ARVO 2001) we showed that stereoacuity in 3D surfaces was affected by shape(flat vs. curved) and by the spatial distribution of disparity signals across the stimulus surface (disparate contours vs. random-dot stereograms). For equivalent amounts of disparity, curved uniform-luminance surfaces with disparate contours had much higher thresholds than flat uniform-luminance surfaces or curved random-dot surfaces. One explanation for this result is that spatially continuous disparity signals cause disparity detectors to interact. If an interaction does occur, it should be possible to measure its vertical and horizontal spatial extent. To this end, flat and curved 3D surfaces (2.3o sq.) were …

The Civilian Version Of The Mississippi Ptsd Scale: A Psychometric Evaluation, Dawn Vreven, David Gudanowski, Lynda King, Daniel King

Dawn L Vreven

This three-part study examined the reliability and validity of the civilian version of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD using data from the nonveteran participants in the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. The Civilian Mississippi Scale had a raw score distribution that was roughly symmetric, with an acceptable degree of dispersion and a reasonably high internal consistency reliability coefficient. Overall, however, measurement precision was weaker than that for the military version of the instrument, and confirmatory factor analytic findings differed from those found for the military version. Preliminary investigations of validity were in the form of correlations with indices of …

Role Of Peer Attachment And Normative Beliefs About Aggression On Traditional Bullying And Cyberbullying, K. Burton, Dustin Wygant, Dan Florell

Dustin B. Wygant

This study examined the effects of normative beliefs about aggression and peer attachment on traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and both types of victimization. Cyberbullying departs from traditional forms of bullying in that it is through forms of technology, such as the Internet, which increases situational anonymity. Eight hundred fifty students in Grades 6 through 8 completed a survey that assessed normative beliefs about aggression, peer attachment, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying behaviors, which suggested that students who are involved with traditional bullying are also involved in cyberbullying. Adolescents with higher normative beliefs about aggression are more likely to be traditional bullies, …

Psychology And The Enhancement Of Medication Adherence, Mitchell Byrne, Frank Deane

Mitchell K Byrne

This paper reports on a new approach to the enhancement of medication adherence - Medication Alliance. Medication Alliance was developed and piloted by a project team that includes Mitch Byrne as project leader, Frank Deane as research supervisor, and two consultants, Tim Coombs and Gordon Lambert. Because Medication Alliance borrows heavily from psychological principles such as functional analysis and cognitive therapy, this presentation is entitled 'Psychology and the Enhancement of Medication Adherence '. However, Medication Alliance is a non-discipline specific therapy approach that fits well within the purview of any clinician delivering psychosocial interventions. The theoretical underpinnings of the various …

Violence And Character: A Cups (Culture X Person X Situation) Perspective, D. Cohen, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Cultural Processes: An Overview, Chi-Yue Chiu, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Ying-Yi Hong

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Workforce Diversity And Creativity: A Multilevel Analysis, J. Han, S-Q. Peng, Chi-Yue Chiu, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Multicultural Experiences And Intercultural Communication, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Chi-Yue Chiu

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Object Associations Of Early-Learned "Light" And "Heavy" English Verbs, Josita Maouene, Aarre Laakso, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

Many of the verbs that young children learn early have been characterized as ‘light.’ However, there is no agreed upon definition of ‘lightness’ and no useable metric that could be applied to a wide array of verbs. This article provides evidence for one metric by which the ‘lightness’ of early-learned verbs might be measured: the number of objects with which they are associated (in adult judgment) or co-occur (in speech to and by children). The results suggest that early-learned light verbs and heavy verbs differ in the breadth of the objects they are associated with: light verbs have weak associations …

Criminal Profiling Methods, Wayne Petherick

Wayne Petherick

Extract:As an investigative aid, criminal profiling has received a great deal of attention from academic audiences and popular culture (Petherick, 2003), and significant advances have been made in both practical and theoretical terms. Even though our collective knowledge about this area has grown, there is still much about the process that remains a mystery. For example, there is little acknowledgment or understanding of the logic or reasoning employed within the profiling process (see Chapter 2), or that there are indeed different methods employed within the profiling community. Of more concern is the fact that many practitioners continue to confuse these …

Correlating Body Experiences, Knowledge Of Verbs, And The Development Of Argument Structure, Josita Maouene, Nitya Sethuraman, Karin Harman James, Mounir Maouene, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Object Types Of ‘Light’ And ‘Heavy’ Early-Learned English Verbs, Josita Maouene, Aarre Laakso, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

No abstract provided.

An Embodied Account Of Argument Structure Development, Josita Maouene, N. Sethuraman, Mounir Maouene, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

No abstract provided.

Taming Toddlers, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon

Peta B. Stapleton

No abstract provided.

Taming Toddlers, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon

Peta B. Stapleton

No abstract provided.

The Associative Structure Of Language: Contextual Diversity In Early Word Learning, Thomas Hills, Josita Maouene, Brian Riordan, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

No abstract provided.

Developing Early Semantic Networks And The Associative Structure Of Child Directed Speech, Thomas Hills, Josita Maouene, Brian Riordan, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

No abstract provided.

Contextual Diversity And The Associative Structure Of Adult Language In Early Word Learning, Thomas Hills, Josita Maouene, Brian Riordan, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

No abstract provided.