Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 1 of 1
Full-Text Articles in Physics
F3 Layerduring Penetration Electric Field, N. Balan, H. Alleyne, S. V. Thampi, K. Lynn, Y. Otsuka, Bela G. Fejer, M. A. Abdu
F3 Layerduring Penetration Electric Field, N. Balan, H. Alleyne, S. V. Thampi, K. Lynn, Y. Otsuka, Bela G. Fejer, M. A. Abdu
Bela G. Fejer
[1] The occurrence of an additional layer, called F3 layer, in the equatorial ionosphere at American, Indian, and Australian longitudes during the super double geomagnetic storm of 7–11 November 2004 is presented using observations and modeling. The observations show the occurrence, reoccurrence, and quick ascent to the topside ionosphere of unusually strong F3 layer in Australian longitude during the first super storm (8 November) and in Indian longitude during the second super storm (10 November), all with large reductions in peak electron density (Nmax) and total electron content (GPS-TEC). The unusual F3 layers can arise mainly from unusually strong fluctuations …