Physics Commons^™

Coomassie Brilliant Blue Dye As A Method For Analyzing Fracture Markings In Bone, Abigail Hoffmeister, David Harutunyan, Matthew Aizawa, Everett Baker, Brandon Mendoza, Chase Freeman, Siran Iskanian

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

Coomassie Brilliant Blue Dye is a dye commonly used to stain proteins. Because of its ability to adhere to proteins, this research has focused on perfecting a method of dyeing a fractured flat bone in order to most accurately observe and analyze fracture markings within the trabecular layer. Stereoscopic microscopy was the chosen technique of analysis for this research because of its proven effectiveness in glass and ceramic fractography to observe varying depths. In order to most effectively apply stereoscopic microscopy to this research, the following variables were manipulated to maximize color contrast in the trabecular layer in order to …

Tardys Quantifiers: Extracting Temporal And Reversible Dynamical Symmetries, Nhat Vu Minh Nguyen, Arjendu K. Pattanayak, Andres Aragoneses

2023 Symposium

One of the great challenges in complex and chaotic dynamics is to reveal the details of its underlying determinism. This can be manifest in the form of temporal correlations or structured patterns in the dynamics of a measurable variable. These temporal dynamical structures are sometimes a consequence of hidden global symmetries. Here we identify the temporal (approximate) symmetries of a semiconductor laser with external optical feedback, based on which we define the Temporal And Reversible DYnamical Symmetry (TARDYS) quantifiers to evaluate the relevance of specific temporal correlations in a time series. We show that these symmetries are also present in …

Investigating Properties Of Commercially Available Ir Detector Technology, Ethan Taylor

ATU Research Symposium

With the ability to transcode valuable information from light emitting objects, infrared (IR) detector technology has begun to find recreational use in the form of non-contact thermometers and home insulation tools. Research and industry have long been using IR technology in the form of high-altitude balloons, CubeSats, and UAV cameras, but the technology remains a niche market, and thus, a burdensome financial investment. As such, given general consumer products recently introduced as more economically viable, we sought to design an affordable IR camera capable of effective and meaningful data collection. To do so, we utilized a Raspberry Pi 4 and …

Analysis Of Temperature Dependence Of Surface Roughness Of Gold Film On Mos2, Joshua Wolff, Jeff Carlson, Timothy E. Kidd Ph.D.

Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) Symposium

We have developed a method to control the surface roughness of ultrathin Au surfaces on MoS₂ crystals through the use of annealing. Through this method, we are now able to utilize Au surfaces for a variety of research, such as research on self-assembled monolayers (SAM) as well as with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

A Lite Daq System For Precision Resistance Measurements, Nathan Schmidt, Timothy E. Kidd Ph.D.

Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) Symposium

Data acquisition (DAQ) systems are frequently utilized in lab settings. Basic DAQ systems are a common occurrence in lab courses for this reason. Commonly, however, the DAQ systems utilized in such courses are proprietary, and do not allow students to understand how they operate beyond a “plug in and go” nature as a result. A further consequence is that these systems are not capable of being programmed, such as is often done with equipment used in professional labs. The DAQ systems used in lab courses aren’t easily replaced by the test equipment they seek to emulate due to cost. Ideally, …

Ultra-Flat Au Surfaces On Finite Layer Mos2, Jeff Carlson, Timothy E. Kidd Ph.D., Andrew J. Stollenwerk Ph.D.

Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) Symposium

We have developed a method for creating ultra-flat Au surfaces by sputtering Au onto thin films of MoS₂. This method is more cost effective than current technologies. Our Au surfaces are subatomically flat over relatively large areas making them useful for self assembled monolayer (SAM) research.

Optimizing A Passive Tracking Solar Panel System, Adrian Salazar-Rivera, Ryan Pickelman, Angela Douglass

Scholars Day Conference

For a solar panel to function efficiently, it must turn to face the sun throughout the day. Usually, an electronic device rotates a solar panel. In this experiment, hourly rotation of the panel was achieved through contraction of a shape memory alloy (SMA) and a gear system. A Fresnel lens directed the sun's rays onto the SMA causing it to contract. A delayed reset system was built to turn the panel from west to east at the end of the day. In addition, this project investigated different materials to properly heat and cool the SMA within the plexiglass housing apparatus. …

High Speed Impact On Graphene Composites, Giovanny A. Espitia

Symposium of Student Scholars

Since the isolation of Graphene occurred in 2004, numerous studies attempting to exploit the properties of this carbon allotrope have been conducted. Graphene exists in a 2-D manner with sp2 bonds, which provides the allotrope with great electrical, conductive, and mechanical properties. In this paper however, we will focus on the latter in order to examine the feasibility of graphene composites for bulletproof material in the military. Pure graphene sheets count with high porosity density that leads to structural defects as well as poor mechanical properties due to physical contact being sole retainer. For this reason, the selected composite is …

Simulation Of Optical Properties Of Dielectric Layers From Visible To Near Infrared Spectral Range, Andrew Cochran, Cory Conkel

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Optical properties of dielectrics play a critical role in various applications including the design and manufacture of optical components & devices such as detectors, filters, imagers, lenses, optical coatings, photonic crystals, sensors and waveguides, and solar cells. Radiative properties of varying thicknesses of different dielectrics such as Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) and Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) have been simulated and compared in the range of visible to near infrared by mathematical modelling using MATLAB simulations. The results of the evolution of the radiative properties, as a function of dielectric material thickness, on …

Detecting Radium-226 In Submarine Groundwater Discharge, Rashaun Davis

Undergraduate Research Competition

Studies have been done to see if abundance of neutrinos have an effect on the decay rate of radioactive nuclei. Questions regarding the proximity of the sun and the concentration of the flux of neutrinos as a result, have emerged due to there being more counts in the winter when the sun is closer versus there being less counts in the summer when the sun is farther away. Other studies say that the cause of the difference in counts are more local, as in the environmental conditions like temperature and various background radiation that interferes with the counts of the …

E. Coli And Total Coliform, Emilio Wilson

Undergraduate Research Competition

Water is important because we use it for our everyday use, whether it's for drinking, bathing, or for our enjoyment. Pollution causes the environment to have a harmful effect, which is usually caused by microorganisms (bacteria) Some of those Bacteria include E. coli and Total Coliform. They're mainly found in the intestines of humans, in animals, in water, and also found in the soil. Most of these bacteria are harmless but it can provide you with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. When water comes in contact with feces, humans, or any living organism, the water is contaminated. There …

Monitoring Nitrogen Levels At 11th Ave. N Surfside Beach, Sc, Kyle Lavoie

Undergraduate Research Competition

This research was done to monitor Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate which are measured to assess if they were within safe levels according to the Environmental Protection Association(EPA). Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate are important indicators to the amount of each that could end up in a public water supply. To much Nitrate can cause excess algae growth in lakes and is unhealthy in large amounts for humans, mainly children. Samples were tested using Ammonia test strips and Nitrite and Nitrate test strips. 242 samples were collected between May 27th, 2010 and January 26th, 2021 at 11th Ave. N Surfside Beach. The …

Monitoring Chlorophyll A And Pheophytin At Crabtree Swamp, James Blankenship

Undergraduate Research Competition

The two chemicals compound we will be looking at include Chlorophyll A and Pheophytin. These two chemicals are common in most waters around the world. While they are helpful for the ecosystem, like most everything, having too much can also be harmful. Having a high concentrate of Chlorophyll A can result in foul smell and green scum on the bottom and surface of water. Likewise, pheophytin can be harmful when it comes to dissolving oxygen in water. This can result in erosion around the water source and can lead to unwanted chemicals in water (4). The results discussed will show …

Water Monitoring At Ccu (Conductivity, Ph, Do), Gage Campbell

Undergraduate Research Competition

Monitoring water quality is important for human health. This study focuses on the 544 West site and the parameters conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Data used is from Oct. 2011 through Nov. 2020 on the Coastal Carolina University campus and used an Orion™ A329 multimeter. 741 samples were collected for Conductivity, with an average of 407.8 uS/cm (145.8 uS/cm - 690.7 uS/cm). 738 samples were collected for pH, with an average of 7.15 (6.09 - 8.11). All data fell within the SC DHEC water quality standard of pH which is no lower than 5.0 or above 8.5. 735 samples …

Absorbance At The Crabtree, Jaquon Williams

Undergraduate Research Competition

Water scarcity is a growing concern across the world in this document we investigate Crabtree swamp, that’s in Conway, SC. Water absorption is the amount of water taken up by flour to achieve the desired consistency and create a quality end-product. Yet, in this case, we're talking about the Crabtree swamp land area. The goal of this research project is to compare and contrast water absorbance in the area.

The purpose of this study is to naturalize the aquatic ecosystem processes in Crabtree Swamp and improve the survivability of resources of regional significance that have been identified. Resources such as …

Developing Arduino Coding Curriculum, Tyler Brown, Riley Bucheitte, Timothy Kidd

Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) Symposium

No abstract provided.

285— Modifications Of Cosmic Watch Muon Detectors For Deployment At Letchworth State Park, Kevin Seitz

GREAT Day Posters

For an American Physical Society funded physics outreach project, fifteen Cosmic Watch cosmic ray muon detectors, designed at MIT, are being assembled by students at Geneseo. Over the summer of 2020, ten detectors will be deployed around Letchworth State Park to educate park visitors about cosmic rays. The muon detection rate and cumulative count are displayed on a small OLED screen, with an LED flashing every time a muon passes through the detector’s scintillator. Each incidence is also logged to a micro SD card. Customized open-source software was used to allow the OLED and SD card to work simultaneously. The …

High Resolution Validation Of Next Generation Turbulent Flow Models Using Neutron Beams, Laser Fluorescence, And Cryogenic Helium, Landen G Mcdonald

EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement

Turbulent fluid flow is an incredibly unpredictable subject that continues to confound scientists and engineers. All of the empirical data that has been the basis of conventional turbulent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for decades only extends to roughly the equivalent turbulence created when Michael Phelps swims in a pool. The problem is that this data is then extrapolated out many orders of magnitude in order to design cruise ships, airplanes, and rockets which operate in significantly more turbulent flow regimes. This creates an incredible degree of uncertainty in the design process that demands over-engineering and increased expenditures.

The development …

Cementitious Sensors Exhibiting Stopbands In Acoustic Transmission Spectra, Shreya Vemuganti

Shared Knowledge Conference

Ultrasonic monitoring in cementitious materials is challenging due to the high degree of attenuation. In wellbore environments, monitoring becomes more challenging due to inaccessibility. Meta materials, also known as acoustic bandgap materials, exhibit an interesting feature of forbidding the propagation of elastic/sound waves and isolate vibration in a certain frequency band. Traditionally, acoustic bandgap materials are developed with inclusions such as tin, aluminum, gold, steel in a polymer matrix. In this study, we present the development of three-dimensional cementitious sensors capable of exhibiting stopbands in the acoustic transmission spectra using carbon nanotubes. Relatively wide stopbands were engineered using Floquet-Bloch periodic …

Visual Comfort Assessment Of Different Shading Strategies In A Commercial Office Building In The Southeastern Us, Armin Amirazar, Mona Azarbayjani, Ben Futrell, Amir Hosseinzadeh Zarrabi, Roshanak Ashrafi

International Building Physics Conference 2018

It is challenging to design buildings that simultaneously consider both the dynamic nature of daylight and specific occupant preferences. The authors have investigated this problem by studying the performance of four specific shading strategies using quantitative measurements of occupants visual comfort: discomfort glare and daylight availability. This paper specifically evaluates the performance of four shading strategies, two types of electrochromic (EC) glass, an automated fabric roller shade, and a venetian blind in a building located in the Southeastern United States. This paper examines how these technologies impact occupant visual comfort and it also examines how the buildings perform relative to …

The Effect Of The Position And Temperature Difference Of Local Radiant Asymmetry On Thermal Comfort: An Experimental Investigation, Stijn Van Craenendonck, Leen Lauriks, Cedric Vuye, Jarl Kampen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In cold and moderate climates, poorly designed construction joints can lead to local low surface temperatures, which entails local radiant asymmetry. An experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that overall and local thermal sensation is influenced by temperature difference, and position and distance of local radiant asymmetry. In the experiment, 18 subjects participated where they were introduced in a room at 21°C and 45% relative humidity. The subjects were exposed to local radiant asymmetry created by a cooling plate. This plate was positioned at three different heights, and controlled for temperatures at 3, 6 or 10°C below room …

Study On Improving The Surface Wet Condition Of Subfloor By Hygroscopic Material In Rural Residences Of China, Jinzhong Fang, Mingfang Tang, Lin Jiang, Dongfang Lai

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Microporous surface materials are put forward to prevent condensation on subfloor in some building design standards and specifications in China. However, in the current study there are mostly applied cases, lacking of quantitative research. This paper simulated and compared the surface wet condition of three different surface materials by WUFI software: solid brick, hardwood and glazed tile brick. The results shows that the time on surface relative humidity that above 95%, hygroscopic subfloor reduces by more than 20% over non-hygroscopic subfloor, and the improvement is over 45% in relative humidity range of 99% to 100%. In high-humidity areas such as …

The Application Of Computed Tomography For Characterising The Pore Structure Of Building Materials, Steven Claes, Wouter Van De Walle, Muhammad Islahuddin, Hans Janssen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Flow and transport phenomena in porous media play a significant role in various fields of science and technology, comprising a spectrum from medical sciences over material sciences to soil and rock sciences. Also in building materials, the transfer of moisture and heat play a crucial role when assessing their properties and performances. Hence, three-dimensional analyses of the pore structure of building materials are becoming progressively more important in recent years, to obtain more accurate interpretations and simulations of their characteristics. Computed tomography has proven to be an excellent and versatile tool to perform these analyses non-destructively. The reconstruction of the …

Optimization Of Government Subsidization Strategies For Building Stock Energy Refurbishment, Alessandro Prada, Francesca Cappelletti, Andrea Gasparella

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The high initial investment required in existing building refurbishment can limit the initiative of the building owners and prevent the full exploitation of a huge energy saving potential. Public incentives can play an essential role in fostering the energy retrofitting of the existing buildings and in increasing the renovation rate of the building stock, effectively reducing the energy final uses, the dependence on the fossil fuels, and helping meet the national efficiency targets. Public subsidization are intended to enhance the economic performance in terms of global cost of the energy efficiency measures for the owner, in order to induce positive …

Evaluation Of Efficiency And Renewable Energy Measures Considering The Future Energy Mix, Fabian Ochs, Georgios Dermentzis

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Sustainable and responsible use of resources is required in order to mitigate climate change. Micro-economic goals usually consider the capitalized investment costs and/or the purchased energy but disregard environmental impacts. However, on macro-economic scale, the aim must be the reduction of the (non-renewable) primary energy (PE) use and of CO2-emissions. There is need for an appropriate evaluation method for comparing and ranking different passive and active building technologies, e.g. according to their impact on the PE consumption. National conversion factors for PE/CO2 differ significantly between different countries and are subject to change. Seasonal variations are not considered at all. The …

Evaluation Of The Physical Interpretability Of Calibrated Building Model Parameters, Sarah Juricic, Simon Rouchier, Aurélie Foucquier, Gilles Fraisse

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Identifying building envelope thermal properties from the calibration of a lumped model raises identifiability issues. Not only needs the simplified model to be structurally identifiable, i.e. deliver unique estimates after calibration, but also the data used might not be informative enough to result in either or both accurate estimates and physically interpretable values. This could particularly be the case when data is extracted from non intrusive in situ measurements, in the sense not disturbing potential occupancy. In this frame, this paper develops a method to investigate the physical interpretation of the parameters of lumped models through a numerical tests procedure. …

On The Compliance Of Thermal Performance Requirements For Highly Insulated Building Units, Giovanni Murano, Ilaria Ballarini, Giovanna De Luca, Domenico Dirutigliano, Elisa Primo, Vincenzo Corrado

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The target of the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB), stated by the European Union, represents one of the most strenuous challenges to reduce energy consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. In Italy, the nZEB concept refers to a set of energy performance requirements, fixed at national level and establishing a maximum allowable mean thermal transmittance value of the building envelope, as a function of the heating degree-days and of the shape factor. The building envelope is becoming more and more thermally insulated; this determines the reduction of the energy need for heating, but on the other hand it …

Techno Economic Analysis Of Individual Building Renovation Roadmaps As An Instrument To Achieve National Energy Performance Targets, Iná Maia, Andreas Müller, Lukas Kranzl, Michael Hartner, Sebastian Forthuber

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In order to achieve the Paris COP21 agreement, retrofitting activities in the building stock have to be strongly enhanced, therefore individual building renovation roadmaps (IBRR) can be an instrument for guiding building owners through this process. The research question of this paper is: how ambitious should individual building renovation roadmaps be to achieve consistency with future scenarios of the building stock’s energy performance? The methodology applied follows these steps: first, the bottom-up discrete choice building stock model Invert/EE-Lab (www.invert.at) is applied to develop a scenario of building stock related energy demand, CO2-emissions and costs until the year 2050. The scenario …

Power Generation And Visual Comfort Performance Of Photovoltaic Toplighting Technologies In Transient Spaces, Nick Novelli, Brandon Andow, Scott Overall, Mohamed Aly, Christopher Morse, Berardo Matalucci

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Advances in long-span glazed structures and interest in high-performance building design has proliferated semi-conditioned spaces with large areas of overhead glazing. These spaces are often programmed with intermittent occupation where variability of the indoor climate is an intentional factor of the experience. Technological options for glazed canopy structures have likewise evolved, gaining functions such as power generation which diversifies the benefits of overhead glazing beyond weather protection and daylighting. Here we model the multiple benefits of current and emerging toplighting technologies deployed in the overhead glazing of a train station and compare power generation and visual comfort. A common building …

Solar Efficiency Index Of Building Envelopes And Load Matching In Low Energy Buildings, Ellika Taveres-Cachat, Francesco Goia, Steinar Grynning

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Net-zero energy buildings oftentimes rely on solar-based building integrated technologies to offset energy use and achieve their goals. However, the value of a particular system is difficult to assess given that these technologies often bring about complex interactions with the indoor environment, and building energy management systems. The approach chosen in this study was to propose and test a simple index called the Solar Efficiency index (SE index), which makes it possible to characterize the performance of building envelopes with integrated solar systems. The index was used to investigate the effect of different configurations of a PV integrated shading device …