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2018

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Articles 12841 - 12870 of 13529

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Extratropical Cyclones Leading To Extreme Weather Events Over Central And Eastern North America, Alicia Marie Bentley Jan 2018

Extratropical Cyclones Leading To Extreme Weather Events Over Central And Eastern North America, Alicia Marie Bentley

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Cool-season extreme weather events (EWEs) occurring over central and eastern North America are typically associated with strong extratropical cyclones (ECs) that are governed by varying combinations of baroclinic, diabatic, and barotropic processes. This dissertation investigates the climatology, evolution, and predictability of ECs leading to EWEs over central and eastern North America, and provides a foundation on which to compare ECs leading to EWEs to ordinary ECs forming over and traversing the same regions.

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A Consideration Of Ancient Residues And Their Analysis, Jennifer A. Cardinal Jan 2018

A Consideration Of Ancient Residues And Their Analysis, Jennifer A. Cardinal

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Identification of specific use(s) of ancient pottery vessels through empirical verification is currently very limited for archaeological investigations. Although we can postulate a range of purposes or functions for certain vessels, empirical confirmation of actual use has been determined only for a minuscule portion of the available vessels. This thesis will provide a broad review of organic analyses as applied to foodstuff residues left on ancient artifacts as well as discuss several considerations for such analysis that are unique to their application to archaeological specimens.

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Estimation Of Planetary Photometric Emissions For Extremely Close-In Exoplanets, Jennifer L. Carter Jan 2018

Estimation Of Planetary Photometric Emissions For Extremely Close-In Exoplanets, Jennifer L. Carter

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The fine precision of photometric data available from missions like Kepler provide researchers with the ability to measure changes in light on the order of tens of parts per million (ppm). This level of precision allows researchers to measure the loss of light due to exoplanet transits as well as the light emitted by an exoplanet, or planetary photometric emissions. The planetary photometric emissions are due to the thermal emissions of the exoplanet, and reflected stellar light. In many cases it is assumed that the incident stellar light may be modeled as plane parallel rays. For extremely close-in exoplanets the …

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Transits Of Non-Spherical Exoplanets, Bertrand Carado Jan 2018

Transits Of Non-Spherical Exoplanets, Bertrand Carado

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The recent years have shed light on amazing new worlds across the galaxy. It has been demonstrated that the Solar System is only one of many other systems. The Kepler Space Observatory, which was launched by NASA in 2009, has greatly contributed to expand knowledge of exoplanets whose characteristics (how massive they are, their size, orbital period, temperature...) vary on a surprisingly large scale. As an example, the least massive exoplanet known today has twice the mass of the moon [1]. The most massive exoplanet has 29 times the mass of Jupiter [2]. Orbital periods of known planets vary between …

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Differentiation Of Potential False Positives From Human Saliva Using Raman Spectroscopy For Forensic Purposes, Selina Casadei Jan 2018

Differentiation Of Potential False Positives From Human Saliva Using Raman Spectroscopy For Forensic Purposes, Selina Casadei

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Traces of body fluids can be found at a crime scene. Being able to identify and differentiate the body fluids while preserving DNA is fundamentally important for forensic applications. Saliva is an important body fluid that can be found on bite marks, cigarette butts, and more, being an excellent source for DNA extraction. Current tests for saliva and other body fluids are destructive and body fluid specific, and are prone to false positives. Our laboratory has developed a universal method for identification of all main body fluids; saliva, semen, sweat, peripheral blood, and vaginal fluid, using Raman spectroscopy combined with …

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An Analysis Of The Linkages Between Large-Scale Flow Regime Transitions On The Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Clustered Extratropical Cyclone Events Over The Northern Hemisphere, Eric Merton John Bunker Jan 2018

An Analysis Of The Linkages Between Large-Scale Flow Regime Transitions On The Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Clustered Extratropical Cyclone Events Over The Northern Hemisphere, Eric Merton John Bunker

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

An Analysis of the Linkages Between Large-Scale Flow Regime Transitions on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Clustered Extratropical Cyclone Events over the Northern Hemisphere

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Illumination Modulation For Improved Propagation-Based Phase Imaging, Tonmoy Chakraborty Jan 2018

Illumination Modulation For Improved Propagation-Based Phase Imaging, Tonmoy Chakraborty

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Propagation-based phase imaging enables the quantitative reconstruction of a light beam's phase from measurements of its intensity. Because the intensity depends on the time-averaged square of the field the relationship between intensity and phase is, in general, nonlinear. The transport of intensity equation (TIE), is a linear equation relating phase and propagated intensity that arises from restricting the propagation distance to be small. However, the TIE limits the spatial frequencies that can be reliably reconstructed to those below some cutoff, which limits the accuracy of reconstruction of fine features in phase. On the other hand, the low frequency components suffer …

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Bounded Algebra In Symmetric Monoidal Categories, Bryan Bennett Jan 2018

Bounded Algebra In Symmetric Monoidal Categories, Bryan Bennett

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Bounded algebra methods have been a valuable tool in algebraic topology and algebraic K-theory since their introduction in the 1960's. Using two parameters, a metric space and an additive category, Pedersen-Weibel used bounded algebra to produce a non-connective delooping of the K-theory spectrum of a ring. This dissertation generalizes the Pedersen-Weibel construction in the categorical parameter, establishes an embedding of the Pedersen-Weibel construction into the generalized bounded category, and proves the analogue of nonconnective delooping theorem for this embedding.

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On The Geometric Interpretation Of Certain Vertex Algebras And Their Modules, Jesse Richard Corradino Jan 2018

On The Geometric Interpretation Of Certain Vertex Algebras And Their Modules, Jesse Richard Corradino

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

We consider the geometric foundations of certain vertex algebras and their modules according to the formalism of Harish-Chandra Geometry that we develop in conjunction with Formal Geometry. Our main result is that we introduce an extension of the torsor of formal coordinates whereby a sheaf of pro-coherent modules is obtained over an affine scheme that corresponds to a certain vertex algebra. As a corollary of this result, we obtain a similar sheaf of pro-coherent modules corresponding to certain representations of the aforementioned vertex algebra.

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Stratospheric And Tropospheric Contributions To The Poleward Energy Flux Across 70°N And 65°S In The Merra-2 And Cesm, Christopher Cardinale Jan 2018

Stratospheric And Tropospheric Contributions To The Poleward Energy Flux Across 70°N And 65°S In The Merra-2 And Cesm, Christopher Cardinale

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The flux of moist static energy (MSE) across 70°N and 65°S plays a key role in the energy budget and climate of the polar regions. This flux, which provides respectively 98 W m⁻² and 91 W m⁻² heating of the northern and southern polar caps, is usually studied from a vertically integrated perspective. Its vertical structure is examined using the NASA-MERRA-2 reanalysis to compute monthly fluxes of sensible, latent and potential energy across 70°N and 65°S for the period 1980-2016. The flux is bimodal, with peaks in the lower troposphere and in the middle stratosphere, and is near zero at …

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The Entropic Dynamics Approach To The Paradigmatic Quantum Mechanical Phenomena, Susan Difranzo Jan 2018

The Entropic Dynamics Approach To The Paradigmatic Quantum Mechanical Phenomena, Susan Difranzo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Standard Quantum Mechanics, although successful in terms of calculating and predicting

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The Upper-Level Turbulence, Static Stability And Tropopause Structure Of Tropical Cyclones, Patrick Duran Jan 2018

The Upper-Level Turbulence, Static Stability And Tropopause Structure Of Tropical Cyclones, Patrick Duran

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Upper-tropospheric thermodynamic processes can play an important role in tropical cyclone (TC) structure and evolution. Despite its importance, until recently few in-situ observations were available in the upper levels of TCs. Two recent field campaigns -- the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) and the Office of Naval Research Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) experiment -- provided a wealth of high-altitude observations within TCs. These observations revealed that the upper-level static stability and tropopause structure of TCs can change dramatically with both space and time.

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Decidability Of Unification Modulo Two Theories Of Division, Zhenjiang Dai Jan 2018

Decidability Of Unification Modulo Two Theories Of Division, Zhenjiang Dai

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

We study decidability of a term rewriting system R modulo equational theories associative (A) or associative-commutative (AC). The study of this problem is motivated by possible applications to handle multiplication (∗) and division (/) algebras. We use several steps to prove the term rewriting system R modulo equational theories is decidable.

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Fusing Satellite Data To Monitor The Urban Area's Effect On Plant Phenology, Norman Gervais Jan 2018

Fusing Satellite Data To Monitor The Urban Area's Effect On Plant Phenology, Norman Gervais

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation centrally focuses on developing and validating the use of fused satellite imagery to monitor the effects of the urban area on plant phenology, specifically the timing of the start and end of the growing season (SOS and EOS, respectively). In the first paper, Chapter 2, data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat were fused together using the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) to produce a time series of a high spatial and high temporal resolution vegetation index. From this time series, the SOS and EOS were extracted and compared between the urban …

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Dry Air, Midlevel Flow, And The Persistence Of Deep Convection In Atlantic Tropical Disturbances, Charles Helms Jan 2018

Dry Air, Midlevel Flow, And The Persistence Of Deep Convection In Atlantic Tropical Disturbances, Charles Helms

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

An analysis of dropsonde-observed relative humidity in the Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2013) pregenesis disturbance suggests the presence of a layer of dry air that is being advected into the disturbance from the north. The focus of this study is on this and similar dry air layers, termed dry air inflow pathways (DAIPs), that are characterized by unidirectional disturbance-relative flow drawing dry air into a tropical disturbance. It is hypothesized that DAIPs act to prevent the establishment of persistent deep convection by importing midlevel

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A Family Of Cyclooctatetraenyl Lanthanide(Iii) Chloridebridged Dimers : Synthesis, Characterization, And Magnetic Properties, Joshua Sky Greenough Jan 2018

A Family Of Cyclooctatetraenyl Lanthanide(Iii) Chloridebridged Dimers : Synthesis, Characterization, And Magnetic Properties, Joshua Sky Greenough

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Historically, the 10π-aromatic ligand, cyclooctatetraene (COT), has played a pivotal role

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On Lm-Systems And Forward Closed String Rewriting Systems, Daniel Hono Jan 2018

On Lm-Systems And Forward Closed String Rewriting Systems, Daniel Hono

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The E-Unification problem appears in important application areas, e.g. automated deduction and cryptographic protocol analysis. As E-Unification is undecidable in general, there is an active search for decidable and, ideally, tractable instances of the problem.

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Carborane Functionalized Cysteine : Synthesis, Structural Characterization, And Biological Evaluation For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Tianyu He Jan 2018

Carborane Functionalized Cysteine : Synthesis, Structural Characterization, And Biological Evaluation For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Tianyu He

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Carbon-containing boranes, also known as carboranes, have attracted immense interest since their discovery in the 1950’s. Characterization of carboranes revealed their highly symmetrical polyhedral structures, which make them chemically and thermally stable. Their unique chemical properties, hydrophobicity and aromaticity also make them ideal candidates for a variety of applications. Prominent among these are the applications in materials and medicinal chemistry. On the materials chemistry front, carboranes have been investigated as self-assembly building blocks, liquid crystals and gas storage and separation materials. In the medicinal chemistry field, carborane derivatives have been extensively investigated as potential drugs, with a lot of attention …

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Changes In Extreme Precipitation In The Northeast United States : 1979-2014, Macy Howarth Jan 2018

Changes In Extreme Precipitation In The Northeast United States : 1979-2014, Macy Howarth

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Extreme precipitation can have significant adverse impacts on infrastructure and property, human health, and local economies. This thesis examines recent changes in extreme precipitation in the Northeast United States, which here includes the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Daily station data from 58 stations missing less than 5% of days for the years 1979–2014 from the United States Historical Climatology Network was used to analyze both total and extreme precipitation, with the latter defined as the top 1% of days with precipitation.

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Radiation Effects In Tantalum Oxide-Based Resistive Memory Devices, Joshua Stuart Holt Jan 2018

Radiation Effects In Tantalum Oxide-Based Resistive Memory Devices, Joshua Stuart Holt

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

There is an increasing need for radiation-hardened electronics as space programs grow in number and scope. Scientific interest in long-term exploration, particularly in high-radiation environments such as Europa, as well as commercial interest in establishing permanent outposts, requires high tolerance of radiation effects. A flash memory device might survive for several years in low Earth orbit, but only a few days in orbit around Europa due to the extremely high levels of radiation encountered there. Meanwhile, commercial interests, including asteroid mining and building a base on the moon or Mars would require electronic systems that could survive for long periods …

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The Development Of Bioaffinity-Based Concepts For On-Site Forensic Analyses : Blood, Sweat, And ... Fingerprints?, Crystal Huynh Jan 2018

The Development Of Bioaffinity-Based Concepts For On-Site Forensic Analyses : Blood, Sweat, And ... Fingerprints?, Crystal Huynh

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

There have been many advances in forensic science over the recent years, but a majority of the tests currently preformed are still heavily reliant upon laboratory-based processes. This means that valuable pieces of information are left unexamined until a crime scene has been completely processed and evidence is moved to a crime lab. In some cases, the evidence may even be left in a queue due to backlogs from previous cases. The delay resulting from the time necessary for crime scene processing and transportation, as well as additional time spent waiting on lab equipment availability, hinders an investigator’s ability to …

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An Efficient System For Subgraph Discovery, Aparna Joshi Jan 2018

An Efficient System For Subgraph Discovery, Aparna Joshi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Subgraph discovery in a single data graph---finding subsets of vertices and edges satisfying a user-specified criteria---is an essential and general graph analytics operation with a wide spectrum of applications. Depending on the criteria, subgraphs of interest may correspond to cliques of friends in social networks, interconnected entities in RDF data, or frequent patterns in protein interaction networks to name a few. Existing systems usually examine a large number of subgraphs while employing many computers and often produce an enormous result set of subgraphs. How can we enable fast discovery of only the most relevant subgraphs while minimizing the computational requirements?

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Mesh And Diffraction-Based X-Ray Phase Imaging, Congxiao He Jan 2018

Mesh And Diffraction-Based X-Ray Phase Imaging, Congxiao He

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

More than a hundred years have passed since X-rays were detected by Wilhelm Rontgen. Due to their properties, they soon became widely applied in many areas, especially medical imaging. Recently, many new X-ray imaging techniques were designed, including phase imaging and diffraction enhanced imaging, DEI.

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Predictability Of African Easterly Waves In An Operational Ensemble Prediction System, Travis J. Elless Jan 2018

Predictability Of African Easterly Waves In An Operational Ensemble Prediction System, Travis J. Elless

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

African easterly waves (AEWs) are the primary synoptic-scale weather feature found in sub-Saharan Africa during boreal summer. Many studies have used observations and idealized models to highlight processes associated with the movement and growth of AEWs, yet there have been few studies documenting the performance of operational ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) for these phenomena. Here, the predictability of AEWs in ECMWF EPS forecasts is assessed during two periods of enhanced AEW activity (July--September 2007--2009 and 2011--2013). Specifically, AEW predictability is analyzed through three main areas of focus: 1) verifying AEW position and intensity forecasts, and assessing their relation to convective …

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Dna Functionalized Nanoparticles In Nanobiosensor And Sensor Array Development For Molecular Diagnostics And In Vitro Identification Of Biomolecules, Mustafa Salih Hizir Jan 2018

Dna Functionalized Nanoparticles In Nanobiosensor And Sensor Array Development For Molecular Diagnostics And In Vitro Identification Of Biomolecules, Mustafa Salih Hizir

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Nucleic acid technology along with vast variety of nanomaterials has demonstrated a great potential in many applications from biosensing studies to molecular diagnostics, from biomedical and bioanalytical research to environmental analysis. Especially short single stranded (ss) DNA molecules, called oligonucleotides, are extraordinary biopolymers featuring diverse functionality on the nanoparticles thanks to their high degree of programmability, target-specific binding or cleavage, molecular recognition ability, structure-switching capability, and unique interactions at the bio-nano interfaces. Among those, there have been many biosensing applications utilizing ss DNAs and numerous nanomaterials through various detection techniques such as fluorometric, colorimetric or electrochemical methods. Although many groundbreaking …

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Effects Of Interface Scattering And Carrier Localization On Conductance Of Cu-Based Superlattices, Jiyoon Jessica Kim Jan 2018

Effects Of Interface Scattering And Carrier Localization On Conductance Of Cu-Based Superlattices, Jiyoon Jessica Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Ultra-thin films and multilayer structures are widely used in modern technologies such as semiconductor logic and memory devices. As film thickness decreases to a few nanometers or smaller, classical transport theories are no longer valid. In this study, we investigate transport properties of superlattices with layer thickness reduced to ~1 nm. The superlattices are made of alternating layers of Cu and a transition metal (Ru, Mo, and Co). The layers are deposited by physical vapor deposition and resistance changes during superlattice growth are measured. The observed resistance evolution reveals the effects of carrier scattering and localization at the interfaces.

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The Relationship Between Tropospheric Synoptic-Scale Events, Vertical Wave Activity Flux, And Sudden Stratospheric Warmings In The Boreal Winter, Hannah Elizabeth Attard Jan 2018

The Relationship Between Tropospheric Synoptic-Scale Events, Vertical Wave Activity Flux, And Sudden Stratospheric Warmings In The Boreal Winter, Hannah Elizabeth Attard

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Rapid breakdowns of the climatological mid-winter stratospheric polar vortex [i.e., sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs)] are often preceded by tropospheric blocks. While some studies suggest that blocks can induce the upward wave activity flux (WAF) through the tropopause region that is necessary to trigger an SSW, other studies show no statistical relationship between tropospheric blocks and SSWs. One objective of this dissertation is to elucidate the dynamical relationship between tropospheric blocks and SSWs by exploring the relationship between blocks and tropopause-level upward WAF. Along with analyzing blocks, this dissertation also explores rapidly deepening extratropical cyclones (i.e., bombs) and tropical cyclones that …

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Global Response To The Madden-Julian Oscillation As A Function Of Phase Speed In Era-Interim Reanalysis And Miroc5 Model Data, Kaitlyn Krzyzaniak Jan 2018

Global Response To The Madden-Julian Oscillation As A Function Of Phase Speed In Era-Interim Reanalysis And Miroc5 Model Data, Kaitlyn Krzyzaniak

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Many authors state that the phase speed of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is near 5ms–1, but observations suggest it varies considerably. MJO propagation typically sets off Rossby wave trains that interact with and alter this extratropical pattern; however, differences in the MJO phase speed could alter the Rossby wave response, leading to a unique response in the extratropics. An understanding of the mechanisms and extratropical responses to variable MJO phase speeds would provide innovative and invaluable insight for subseasonal forecasting.

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Whole-Canopy Net Ecosystem Exchange And Water Use Efficiency In An Intermittent-Light Environment -- Dynamic Approach, Sergey Nikolayevich Kivalov Jan 2018

Whole-Canopy Net Ecosystem Exchange And Water Use Efficiency In An Intermittent-Light Environment -- Dynamic Approach, Sergey Nikolayevich Kivalov

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

An observed 20-30% increase in forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE) on partly cloudy days is often attributed to there being more uniform canopy illumination by diffuse radiation when clouds are present. However, the sky on such days is typically populated by fair-weather cumulus clouds, bringing dynamically changing shadow-to-light conditions on the order of minutes to the forest, with radiation alternating from 1000 W m^-2 in the clear sky to less than 400 W m^-2 in under-cloud shadows. These dynamically changing conditions cannot be investigated by the conventional time-averaged eddy-covariance flux method, which requires nearly steady-state turbulent conditions over much longer …

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Stress-Strength Estimation And Its Applications In Clinical Trials, Dinesh Kumar Jan 2018

Stress-Strength Estimation And Its Applications In Clinical Trials, Dinesh Kumar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Stress Strength model P(X

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