Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Biogeochemical Processes In Sagebrush Ecosystems: Interactions With Terrain, United States, National Aeronautics And Space Administration

Plants

Field data collection to support analysis of TM data was accomplished from June 22 to August 28th. Color infrared aerial photography acquired by a U2 on June 12, 1985 was used to locate and identify several vegetation communities. Forty sites where the USFS has collected long term ground cover were located in the field, delineated on aerial photos and ground photos of current conditions taken.

Kinematics Of Great Basin Intraplate Extension From Earthquake, Geodetic And Geologic Information, Paul Kendall Eddington

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Strain rates assessed from brittle fracture, associated with earthquakes, and total brittle-ductile deformation measured from geodetic data have been compared to paleostrain from Quaternary geology for the intraplate Great Basin of the western United States. These data provide an assessment of the kinematics and mode of lithospheric extension that the western U.S. Cordillera has experienced in the last 5-10 million years. Strain and deformation rates were determined by the seismic moment tensor method using historic seismicity and fault plane solutions. By subdividing the Great Basin into areas of homogeneous strain it was possible to examine regional variations in the strain …

Usda Forest Service Role In Wildlife Damage Control, Hugh C. Black

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Wildlife damage control is an important objective of resource management on the 191 million acres of National Forest System (NFS) lands administered by the USDA Forest Service. Policy on wildlife damage control is based on the USDA Policy on Fish and Wildlife (Secretary's Memorandum 9500-3, July 1983). The objective of wildlife damage control is to reduce damage and loss by wildlife on all NFS lands to levels consistent with management objectives. Control measures are only undertaken when and where necessary to realize wildlife management objectives and to prevent serious damage to public or private property and natural resources. Because of …

Role And Responsibilities Of Agencies For Wildlife Damage Control, Hal S. Atkinson Jr.

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The wildlife resources of the State belong to the people of the state as a whole. The Wildlife Resources Commission is charged with the stewardship of these resources and is empowered by general statute to promulgate those regulations deemed necessary to accomplish this charge.

The Petrology And Mineralogy Of Tertiary(?) Olivine Trachyte In The Harrington Peak Quadrangle, Southeastern Idaho, Amanda Shearer-Fullerton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Harrington Peak Quadrangle is located within the Caribou National Forest of southeast Idaho. Within this quadrangle are outcrops of olivine trachyte of Pliocene(?) age overlying sedimentary rocks of Mississippian to Tertiary age. The region contains thrust faults and later normal faults (generally trending north-south} formed during Basin and Range extension.

The Largest outcrop of olivine trachyte (approximately1 1/2 X 3 km) probably formed as the result of a fissure eruption. Two other outcrop areas show evidence of being sites of local extrusion.

Whole-rock chemical analyses revealed the olivine trachyte to have moderate amounts of SiO₂ and Al_{2O …}

Petrology And Mineralogy Of Tertiary(?) Volcanic Rocks Of Snowville Area, Utah, And Tertiary-Quaternary(?) Volcanic Rocks Of Table Mountain And Holbrook Areas, Idaho, Yunshuen Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Basalt flows occur in the Snowville area of north-central Utah and the Table Mountain and Holbrook areas of south-central Idaho. All basalt flows are aphanitic in groundmass, and contain olivine, plagioclase, augite, and opaque oxides. They can be distinguished by texture. Snowville basalt has predominantly subophitic to intergranular textures. Table Mountain basalt is fine grained, with stumpy groundmass plagioclase and equant ilmenite crystals. Holbrook basalt has pilotaxitic to intergranular textures, with the presence of plagioclase phenocrysts and characteristic exsolution lamellae in Fe-Ti oxides. The olivine grains in Holbrook area are intensely oxidized to Fe-Ti oxides.

Snowville basalt contains olivine phenocrysts …

Sequential Thrusting Beneath The Willard Thrust Fault, Wasatch Mountains, Ogden, Utah, Tad William Schirmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The downstructure of viewing geologic maps, balanced and cross sections, and hanging-wall-sequence diagrams are applied to produce the first comprehensive synthesis of the structure below the willard thrust sheet.

Development of the duplex beneath the Willard thrust may be explained with a "piggyback" thrust model where younger thrust slices form below and fold an older, overlying thrust sheet. Progressive failure of the footwall ramp of the Willard thrust sheet extended the sole thrust eastward and produced a duplex consisting of thrust slices (horses) which adhered to the overriding thrust sheet where it ramped from a lower sole thrust to an …

Parameters Controlling Sediment Composition Of Modern And Pleistocene Jamaican Reefs, Stephen K. Boss

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent carbonate sediments from Jamaican north coast fringing reefs display variation in constituent composition, texture, and mineralogy related to their location on the reef. Samples were collected along lines which traversed the back reef and fore reef (0.5m to 70m).

The sediment is dominated by highly comminuted coral fragments, plates of the calcareous green alga, Halimeda, coralline algae, and the encrusting Foraminifera, Homotrema rubrum, with lesser amounts of other taxonomic groups (Foraminifera; molluscs; echinoderms). Relative abundances of these biotic components vary between sites. Q-mode cluster analysis indicates that constituent composition can be used to delineate the different reef …

Structural Geology Of The Northern Part Of Elkhorn Mountain, Bannock Range, Idaho, Stephen R. Crook

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Northern Elkhorn Mountain was unmapped previous to this investigation. The mapped area is located north of Malad City, Idaho, in the Bannock Range. It is within the Basin and Range Province. The mapped area measures 5.4 mi. in the north-south direction and 8.9 mi. in the east-west direction.

The oldest exposed stratigraphic unit, within the mapped area, consists of orthoquartzite and is of Early Cambrian age. Cambrian formations of the mapped area, in ascending order, are as follows: Camelback Mountain Quartzite, Gibson Jack Formation, Elkhead Formation, Bloomington Formation, Nounan Formation, and St. Charles Formation. Units of Ordovician age are the …

The Petrology Of The Early Middle Cambrian Giles Creek And Upper Chandler Formations, Northeastern Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, James A. Deckelman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Giles Creek and upper Chandler formations crop out in the northeastern Amadeus Basin from the north flank of Ross River syncline south to the Pillar Range, and from the nose of Ooraminna anticline east to the Simpson Desert. Twenty-four sections of the Giles Creek and nineteen sections of the upper Chandler were measured by the author in this area. The Giles Creek lies disconformably above the upper Chandler Formation and conformably below the Shannon Formation. The upper Chandler is conformably underlain by the lower Chandler throughout the area except at Ross River Gorge and Wallaby No. 1 well. There …

Structural Geology Of Eastern Part Of Dairy Ridge Quadrangle And Western Part Of Meachum Ridge Quadrangle, Utah, Val A. Kienast

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A detailed geologic investigation was made of the eastern part of the Dairy Ridge Quadrangle and the western part of the Meachum Ridge Quadrangle, Utah. The area is located in north-central Utah in Rich County. It lies between lat. 41°22'30" N. and lat. 41°28'50" N. and between long. 111°21'40" W. and long. 111°25'15" W. The area measures 13.8 km in the north-south direction and 5.5 km in the east-west direction. It is on the eastern side of the Wasatch Range about 20 km west-southwest of Randolph, Utah.

Stratigraphic units of Precambrian to Cambrian age crop out in the western part …

Chemical Weathering Of Pyrite In Soils, Aaron D. Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The products of pyrite oxidation, including solution phase Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, S₂O₃^2-, S₄O₆^2-, SO₃^2- and SO₄^2- and solid phase Fe(OH)₃, were measured under controlled conditions in order to investigate the behavior of pyrite in calcareous and alkaline soils.

The distribution of sulfur oxidation products is pH dependent and can be interpreted in terms of metastable equilibrium among thiosulfate, disulfane disulfonate and sulfite. Thiosulfate and sulfite predominate in the pH range greater than about pH 7 or 8. Sulfane disulfonates are more …

Petrology Of The Late Proterozoic(?)-Early Cambrian Arumbera Sandstone, Western Macdonnell Ranges, North-Central Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, Lonn P. Hamp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Arumbera Sandstone consists of mappable informal units which are repeated in a vertical, cyclic succession. Sandstones of fluvial origin form resistant strike ridges separated by strike valleys, which consist of recessive sandstones and mudrocks of marine origin.

Lithofacies 1a, 2b, and 3a are probably of marine origin in intertidal environments. Trace fossil assemblages in lithofacies 3a suggest Skolithos and Cruziana inchnofacies were present. Lithofacies 1e, 2a, 2c, 3b, and 4a are probably of fluvial origin, as the result of coalescing braided stream deposits. The Arumbera Sandstone probably was deposited in a deltaic environment characterized by low wave energy, a …

Petrology And Mineralogy Of Tertiary(?) Volcanic Rocks West And Southwest Of Kelton (Box Elder Co.), Utah, R. L. Voit

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Kelton, Utah, area has numerous, isolated basaltic outcrops of probable Tertiary age mostly in the form of cuestas with steep faces displaying columnar joints. One ash-flow tuff is located in the southeastern part of the study area. Basaltic fragments in the tuff indicate that pyroclastic activity was preceded by extrusion of basalt.

Effects of Lake Bonneville on the basaltic outcrops include wave­cut terraces, scarps, and other wave-built forms in low lying areas. Massive carbonate deposits formed at levels of former shorelines of Lake Bonneville. Tertiary and Quaternary deposits cover the low- lying areas between basaltic flows, and consist of …

Bedrock Aquifers Of Eastern San Juan County, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This study is one of a series of studies appraising the water-bearing properties of the Navajo Sandstone and associated formations in southern Utah. The study area is about 4,600 square miles, extending from the Utah-Arizona State line northward to the San Juan-Grand County line and westward from the Utah-Colorado State line to the longitude of about 109 degrees 50 minutes.

Woodland Tree Volume Estimation: A Visual Segmentation Technique, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Visual segmentation, a technique for estimating cubic foot volume of woodland tree species, was compared with actual volume measurement. Comparison was made during a forest inventory of pinyon-juniper woodlands in Nevada and Utah. The visual technique's accuracy, its usefulness in developing volume equations, and applicability to volume inventory were studied. This study indicated visual segmentation is not reliable for estimating volume for a single tree. However, a sample of visually estimated volumes proved adequate for developing volume equations. In an application, a bias of 0 to -9 percent of the mean cubic foot volume per acre resulted from summary of …

Response Of Grass Species To Tree Harvesting In Singleleaf Pinyon-Utah Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Cover, yield, and nutrient concentrations of grasses were sampled on tree-harvested and nonharvested plots on north, west, and south aspects of a singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla)-Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) stand. Grass cover increased rapidly the first 2 years following tree harvest, but the rate of increase declined over the next 2 years. Grass yield varied among aspects and soil microsites on tree-harvested plots but not on the nonharvested plots where tree competition masked aspect and microsite effects. All grass species had greater yield and greater percentage nitrogen and phosphorus on harvested than on nonharvested plots. Low digestibility of some species …

Costs Of Managing Nontimber Resources When Harvesting Timber In The Northern Rockies, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

When National Forest Timber is sold, land managers are required to protect other forest resources such as wildlife, soil and water, and scenic qualities. Measures taken to protect nontimber resources can raise administrative costs, lower the quantity of timber sold, and can reduce stumpage receipts. The costs of sale administration and the reduction in timber harvested can be readily derived from accounting and planning records. But little information is available on how much nontimber resources cost in terms of stumpage receipts. To provide such information, some 187 timber sales were studied on seven National Forests in the Northern Region between …

Applying Height Growth And Site Index Curves For Inland Douglas-Fir, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Methods for estimating both site index and dominant height growth for inland Douglas-fir in the Northern Rocky Mountains are presented and discussed. The methods should be applicable over a wide range of stand conditions because no restrictions were placed on species composition, stand density, spacing, or age structure in the original stem analysis sample. Increased accuracy can be obtained if habitat type is considered, because the shape of the site index curves varied with respect to three major habitat series groupings. Results are summarized in the form of equations, tables, and graphs. Precision curves are used to illustrate the relationship …

Preliminary Geologic Map Of The Nephi 30' By 60' Quadrangle, Carbon, Emery, Juab, Sanpete, Utah, And Wasatch Counties, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The U.S. Geological Survey is engaged in a program of field studies designed to present the geologic framework of the United States on easily read topographic maps. The maps selected as a base for these geologic data are part of the Army Map Service (AMS) series of 1° by 2° quadrangles at a scale of 1:250,000. The Price, Utah AMS 1:250,000 quadrangle is one of these maps (fig.1). For certain areas, however, chiefly those sectors of the country involved in the Geological Survey's coal exploration program, the geologic data are being compiled on newly developed base maps at a scale …

Predicting Duff And Woody Fuel Consumed By Prescribed Fire In The Northern Rocky Mountains, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

This paper presents numerical relationships of known precision for predicting duff consumption. They were established by assembling and analyzing data from three previous prescribed fire investigations and then testing them against other published data. Fuel loadings by diameter classes that differed among the studies were converted to a common set of diameter classes. The purpose of assimilating data from several studies was to develop predictive models that could be easily used by practitioners and that would apply over a wide range of conditions.

Measurement Of Field Resistance, Rust Hazard, And Deployment Of Blister Rust-Resistant Western White Pine, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Three white pine plantations, composed of materials of several levels of resistance from early generations of the blister rust resistance breeding program, were compared on the basis of annual infection and mortality rates. The sites varied in blister rust hazard; resistant materials were consistent in their performance, and the infection data behaved as one would expect if the genetic and environmental assumptions of the simple interest disease progress model were violated. Presumably, the resistant populations violate the genetic assumptions to the extent of their resistance, and any assessment of resistance performance must take into account both environmental as well as …

Release Of A Thinned Budworm-Infested Douglas-Fir/Ponderosa Pine Stand, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Current and past defoliation by western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) in an 80-year-old predominantly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Beissn.] Franco) stand thinned to 14 by 14 feet was significantly lower than in a nearby untreated stand of similar age, species, and site conditions. Analysis of periodic radial growth ratios indicated that prior to thinning, Douglas-fir had been heavily defoliated by budworm and growth was seriously depressed. Following thinning, the host leave trees developed dense crowns and 10-year radial growth increased an average of 57 percent: meanwhile, radial growth of nonhost ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.) increased 38 percent. …

Attaining Visual Quality Objectives In Timber Harvest Areas - Landscape Architects' Evaluation, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

When management activities such as timber harvest are undertaken on National Forest lands, landscape architects establish plans and guidelines so the project will meet a desired level of visual quality. This visual quality objective (VQO) for a given project is based on forest conditions, topography, and the type of viewing that is anticipated (viewing distance, number and type of visitors, etc.). Although landscape architects provide criteria and guidelines to achieve these visual objectives, there is no direct feedback mechanism with which to monitor the public's reaction or ascertain the extent to which visual objectives are met.

Soil Water And Temperature In Harvested And Nonharvested Pinyon-Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Tree harvesting increased soil water content, but the effect diminished over 4 years. The mean increase in soil water content was 2 to 4 percent the first year following harvest and 0 to 3 percent after 4 years. Although tree harvesting released soil water previously used by tree species, other biotic and abiotic demands increased. We speculate postharvest increases in wind and solar energy at the ground surface and increased understory transpiration in part explain the decline in soil water content differences between harvested and nonharvested plots over time.

Effects Of Bifenox, Dcpa, And Napropamide On Ectomycorrhizal Development Of Conifer Seedlings In Central And Northern Rocky Mountain Nurseries, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Postseeding and postgermination treatments with three weed control herbicides (Bifenox, DCPA, Napropamide) at two rates of application caused little reduction of ectomycorrhizal development on 1- and 2-year-old conifer seedlings in Central or Northern Rocky Mountain nurseries. In many cases, herbicide treatment increased ectomycorrhizal development, particularly with DCPA. In general, herbicide treatment effects on ectomycorrhizal development were species and nursery specific.

Pinyon-Juniper Volume Equations For The Central Rocky Mountain States, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Gross cubic foot volume equations are now available for pinyon-juniper and several other woodland species in Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota. The volume equations are based on data collected as a subsample of woodland inventories conducted by Federal and State land management agencies. In these inventories, volumes of 4,705 trees were estimated by a visual sampling method.

An Application Of Discrete Optimization For Developing Economically Efficient Multiple-Use Projects, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

A discrete version of the continuous joint production model in economic theory is presented for use in designing multiple-use projects and identifying efficient management prescriptions for forest planning. Data requirements are less demanding than the continuous theoretical model, yet some of the more important features are maintained. Models can be formulated graphically or as mixed-integer programming problems that are easily solved via computerized routines.

The Delphi Method: Application To Elk Habitat Quality, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Wildlife Conservation and Management

This paper reports on the results of a study designed both to gather important information through Delphi and to evaluate several key features of the Delphi process. We intend to present information developed, and also describe and discuss Delphi so as to make resource managers more comfortable with it, aware of its potential, and willling to consider it along with other information gathering tools.