Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Delineation Of A Wave Climate For Dam Neck, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Andrew L. Gutman

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Study Of A Salt Water Impoundment With Its Adjacent Tidal Creek Pertinent To Culture Of Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), William D. Anderson Iii

OES Theses and Dissertations

Certain physical, chemical and biological characteristics associated with the culture of subtidal Crassostrea virginica were assessed in a salt water impoundment and its adjacent tidal feeder creek. Large seed oysters (initial y = 57.3 mm) were transferred from a somewhat polluted estuary of Charleston Harbor to floating, mid-water, and bottom hardware cloth trays (200/tray) in a four hectare pond. Identical trays at comparable depths were placed in the tidal creek and each location was sampled monthly for growth and survival. Surface and bottom water samples were collected weekly throughout the study and hourly during four seasonal 25 hour stations. Standard …

Effect Of The Chesapeake-Elizabeth Sewage Outfall Virginia Beach, Virginia On The Distribution And Ecology Of Benthic Foraminifera, James M. Bates Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

Sediment and bottom water samples from seven stations at the Chesapeake Elizabeth sewage outfall, Virginia Beach, Virginia were collected in order to evaluate the effect of the outfall on benthic foraminifera. The top centimeter of sediment was analyzed for living and total (live plus dead) foraminiferal densities, chlorophyll a, sediment grain size, ATP, percentage of silt and clay, and total organic carbon. Bottom water salinity, temperature, and ammonia were also analyzed.

Living foraminiferal density increased from March to July and with distance from the outfall. Total foraminiferal density also increased from March to July. The set of environmental variables was …

Seasonal Distribution And The Retention Of Some Decapod Crustacean Larvae Within The Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, Joseph William Goy

OES Theses and Dissertations

Planktonic stages or 45 genera and species or decapod larvae were identified and staged from samples taken over a three year period in the lower portion and entrance area or Chesapeake Bay. The distribution of each larval stage of the decapod crustaceans found in the bay was determined and from this, the extent of the respective breeding season was deduced. In 1975, samples were taken monthly from stations along a transect at the baymouth, both at the surface and bottom. Two stations were also occupied over the tidal cycle in daylight and darkness. Evidence is presented that larvae of some …

The Effect Of 4-Chlororesorcinol On The Growth Potential Of Dunaliella Tertiolecta Butcher (Dun Clone), John Anthony Chigges

OES Theses and Dissertations

Jolley (1973) identified and quantified 4-chlororesorcinol at the 1.2 μg/1 level in secondary treated sewage effluent as one of 17 stable organochlorine compounds. The present report presents the first data on the effect of 4-chlororesorcinol on the growth potential of the marine phytoplankter, Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher (Dun clone).

The assay method used herein was that of the Marine Algal Assay Procedure: Bottle Test (EPA, 1974). An algal culture chamber was constructed capable of providing controlled temperature (18 ± 2°C) and light (400-500 ft-c) conditions. Four parameters were used to describe the growth response of D. tertiolecta including maximum specific growth …

A Prototype Lagrangian Current Buoy Using The Carrier Plus Sideband (Csb) Retransmission Of Omega Navigation Symbols, Donald L. Baker, Christian S. Welch

Reports

As part of the continental shelf investigations of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) , electronics were developed and tested to track an ocean-current-following (Lagrangian) buoy by the retransmission of Omega navigation signals to a shore station using medium frequency (2 . 398 MHz) ground wave propagation and equal-carrier-upper-sideband modulation . The buoy electronics include sharp clipping and filtering for noise reduction and Omega signal equalization . The carrier and upper sideband are transmitted with equal power to maintain the relative phases of separate Omega station signals on demodulation. The base station is a 2.4 MHz receiver/demodulator feeding a …

Numerical Simulation Of Thermohaline Convection In The Mixed Layer Of The Ocean, Victor Eli Delnore

OES Theses and Dissertations

The intradiumal heating and cooling cycle of the mixed layer of a tropical ocean is investigated through the use of a pseudo-two-dimensional numerical model. Particular emphasis is given to two-component diffusion resulting from dynamic instabilities in the water column. The conservation equations for salt and heat include the effects of solar heating, horizontal advectlon, and turbulent fluxes at the sea surface, while wind mixing enter through the use of depth-dependent eddy diffusion coefficients resulting from the wave-orbital shear model of KitaigorodsldLy. All inputs are treated as functions of time-of-day, or calculated via the bulk aerodynamic method.

The entrainment fluxes of …

Control Of Clay Mineral Distribution By Estuarine Circulation, James River Estuary, Virginia, Jean-Pierre Feuillet

OES Theses and Dissertations

A study was performed on the clay minerals of the James River estuary, Virginia, to determine the predominant factors that influence clay mineral distribution in the estuary. The factors of differential settling, flocculation, and diagenesis show minor or no effects on distribution, while estuarine circulation exerts the strongest influence upon the clay mineral distribution.

There are two clay suites in the James River estuary. The upper James River clay suite is a kaolinite, dioctahedral vermiculite, and mixed-layer suite, with kaolinite being the major mineral. The lower Chesapeake Bay clay suite is an illite, chlorite, and montmorillonite suite, with illite being …

Dynamics And Sedimentology Of Inner Middle Ground - Nine Foot Shoal, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, Mitchell Alan Granat

OES Theses and Dissertations

The historical, hydrodynamic, and sedimentological development of Inner Middle Ground - Nine Foot Shoal indicates that it is presently in quasi-equilibrium with mutually evasive ebb and flood tidal currents. Bathymetric comparisons among six surveys taken during the past 122 years depict development of the shoal from two linear sand bodies to its present double parabolic morphology. Circulation paths are proposed for each survey.

Information from eight current meter stations on and adjacent to Inner Middle Ground - Nine Foot Shoal were used to determine near-surface and near-bottom tidal current asymmetries and directions. The concepts of bathymetrically diverted currents and mutual …

A Numerical Model For The Prediction Of Tides And Tidal Currents In The Lafayette River, Norfolk, Virginia, G. Mcallister Sisson

OES Theses and Dissertations

A prediction technique for tidal heights and currents in the Lafayette River of Norfolk, Virginia has been formulated and tested by the implementation of a two-dimensional numerical model employing the Navier-Stokes momentum equations and conservation of mass. The model operates on a spatially-fixed rectangular grid system by utilizing a multi-operation finite difference scheme which employs implicit and explicit solutions to the aforementioned equations. Forces due to bottom friction and Coriolis are taken into account. The only open boundary considered in the model is the river mouth, across which tidal height is specified temporally. Collected tidal height and current data at …

The Natural History Of The Naked Goby Gobiosoma Bosci (Perciformes: Gobiidae), Leonard L. Nero

OES Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of re ­ production, growth, age, abundance, habitat preference, feeding habit and behavior of the naked goby, Gobiosoma Bosci.

Monthly collections were made from January through December. 1974 in Deary Cove a apart of the Lynnhaven estuary, Virginia Beach, Virginia. All fish were measured and sexed in the field.

Most were returned to the population, the remainder. were removed for food habit analyses, determination of fecundity, degree of gonadal maturity and aging. Habitat­ preference and abundance were determined in the field.

Gobiosoma Bosci appears to be an annual …

Test Variation In The Sand Dollar, Mellita Quinquiesperforata (Leske), George Glynn Rountree

OES Theses and Dissertations

Mellita quinguiesperforata is a common member of the benthos along the eastern coast of North America. This study considers variation of the test within the species, specifically: 1) variation in test weight, 2) variation in the length-width relationship, and 3) the average number of pore pairs in the ambulacral petals.

A total of 844 sand dollars from three localities was utilized: 1) Pass-a-Grill Beach, St. Petersburg, Florida,2) Bird Shoal, Beaufort, North Carolina, and 3) Fisherman Island, Virginia.

Animals were measured for length and width and the dry weight determined. Prediction equations for the size-weight relat1onships were computed for the three …

Response And Recovery To Sediment Influx In The Rappahannock Estuary: A Summary, Maynard M. Nichols, Galen Thompson, Bruce Nelson

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Flooding from Tropical Stonn Agnes produced unique hydrographic conditions for transport and dispersal of sediment in the Rappahannock and .James estuaries. Analyses indicate two cycles of response and recovery to the shock of extreme freshwater and sediment influx; one cycle in response to Rappahannock inflow; the other to intense mixing within the estuary. Important stages in the sequence consist of: (1) an initial response and seaward surge of river water and sediment; (2) shock with downstream translation of the salt intrusion head with a near-bottom salinity front and high turbidity in surface and in bottom water; (3) rebound with intense …

The Effect Of Tropical Storm Agnes On Heavy Metal And Pesticide Residues In The Eastern Oyster From Southern Chesapeake Bay, M. E. Bender, R. J. Huggett

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, are compared for samples collected before and after Tropical Storm Agnes. The "before" samples consisted of 475 animals from 95 stations collected in January 1971 and the "after" samples of 285 animals from 57 stations collected in January 1973. Shifts in the areal concentrations distributions were observed, apparently due to Agnes. Analyses of hard clams, blue crabs and oysters for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides showed influx of these compounds to be minimal as reflected by the residue levels observed. Comparison of residue levels in oysters to pre-Agnes conditions …

Petrology Of The Oceanographer Fracture Zone (35ºn35ºw), Tsugio Shibata

Geology Theses and Dissertations

During a geological and geophysical survey of the Oceanographer Fracture Zone (35°N, 35°W), seventeen dredge hauls containing a variety of rocks were obtained. Petrographic study shows that these rock samples can be classified into six main rock types: fresh basalt, weathered basalt, metabasalt, gabbro, metagabbro, and serpentinite. Most of the dredge hauls were positioned on the steep, southern wall of the fracture zone, and an inference from the dredging results suggests that basalt is the most abundant rock type which outcrops at the junction between the rift valley and the fracture zone; however, as we move away from the junction, …

Life History Of The Spotfin Killifish, Fundulus Luciae (Pisces Cyprinodontidae), In Fox Creek Marsh, Virginia, Donald M. Byrne

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Reproductive Cycle Of Mya Arenaria L And Distribution Of Juvenile Clams In The Upper Portion Of The Nearshore Zone Of The York River, Virginia, Jon Lucy

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

A Two-Dimensional Time-Dependent Numerical Model Investigation Of The Coastal Sea Circulation Around The Chesapeake Bay Entrance, Everett Michael Stanley

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Isolation And Characterization Of Estuarine And Marine Sedimentary Humic Acids, John G. Windsor Jr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Changes In Salinity Structure Of The James, York And Rappahannock Estuaries Resulting From The Effects Of Tropical Storm Agnes, Paul V. Hyer, Evon P. Ruzecki

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The peak effect of the flood waters produced by Tropical Storm Agnes was seen on June 25 in the James, June 26 in the Rappahannock, and June 30 in the York. Recovery toward normal salinity conditions after the high runoffs proceeded discontinuously, with alternating periods of vertical stratification and destratification. During strongly stratified stages, saline water advanced upstream along the bottom. In the York and James Rivers, the most dramatic stratification occurred about July 20- 25. This event resulted in bottom salinity values exceeding normal ambient values and, at the river mouths, reaching values hitherto unobserved. This event was apparently …

The Biology Of The Sandbar Shark Carcharhinus Plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) In The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Adjacent Waters, Edward Fenton Lawler

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

A Mathematical Model Of Chincoteague Bay, Virginia, John Joseph Vaccaro

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of Shoaling Wave Parameters, Lee Weishar

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of The Agnes Flood On The Salinity Structure Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Contiguous Waters, A. Y. Kuo, E. P. Ruzecki, C. S. Fang

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The transient response of salinity distribution in lower Chesapeake Bay to flood waters from Tropical Storm Agnes is studied in terms of a two-layered, partially mixed estuary. Prior to 30 June 1972, surface salinities were well depressed throughout the Bay while those at the bottom near the Bay mouth were not depressed by 5 July. This resulted in a highly stratified situation normally found in the spring of the year. Stratification decreased when bottom waters were flushed down-bay by the flood (on 5 to 10 July for the region south of New Point Comfort). The "rebound" of salinity structure started …

The Effects Of Tropical Storm Agnes On The Copper And Zinc Budgets Of The Rappahannock River, Robert J. Huggett, Michael E. Bender

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The metals copper and zinc were analyzed in bottom sediments (top 1 cm) from the Rappahannock River before and after Tropical Storm Agnes. By extracting the sediments with various techniques (HN03, HCl) the nature of the metal speciation can be estimated. Data show that the inorganic copper was increased by a factor of 2 to 3 in the normally saline portion of the river as a result of Agnes but returned to before-Agnes levels within one year. Metal analyses of suspended sediments collected during the Agnes flooding allows an estimate of sedimentation indicating at least 7.5 mm of new sediments …

Flood Wave-Tide Wave Interaction On The James River During The Agnes Flood, John P. Jacobson, C. S. Fang

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

During the Agnes flood hourly tidal height data were collected at seven locations along the tidal James River and currents were measured at two transects in the lower James. A comparison between actual tides and currents and the predicted tidal features as given by the tide and tidal current tables of NOAA was made. Results of this comparison show that Agnes did significantly affect water levels in the upper portion of the tidal James, especially near Richmond. However in the lower portion of the James no discernible rise was evident due to the passage of the flood crest. A small …

Effects Of Tropical Storm Agnes On Nutrient Flux And Distribution In Lower Chesapeake Bay, C. L. Smith, W. G. Macintyre, C. A. Lake, J. G. Windsor Jr.

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Nutrient concentrations measured in lower Chesapeake Bay in the summer of 1972 immediately following the flooding associated with Tropical Storm Agnes are compared with those in the summer of 1973, a season of more normal rainfall. The large amount of land runoff produced unseasonably high concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the Bay near the mouth of the Potomac River. Phosphate concentrations were essentially unaffected by the flooding. Fluxes of total nitrogen and total phosphorus nutrients through the mouth of Chesapeake Bay were calculated for both summers. The calculated net export of nutrients from the Bay in both August 1972, …

Observations On Dissolved Oxygen Conditions In Three Virginia Estuaries After Tropical Storm Agnes (Summer 1972), R.A. Jordan

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Dissolved oxygen (DO) and salinity levels in the James, York, and Rappahannock estuaries were monitored for approximately two months (June 24-August 31, 1972) following Tropical Storm Agnes. DO depressions developed more rapidly and were more severe in the deep waters of the York and Rappahannock than in the James. Depressions that developed immediately after the storm were followed by recoveries and subsequent, more severe depressions. In late July, bottom water DO concentrations below 1 mg/1 were found at stations covering 15 miles of the York and 25 miles of the Rappahannock. Comparison of river data with Chesapeake Bay data suggests …

The Effect Of Tropical Storm Agnes As Reflected In Chlorophyll A And Heterotrophic Potential Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Paul L. Zubkoff, J. Ernest Warriner Iii

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

A hydrographic station (Station Y) at the mouth of the York River (37°14.6'N, 76°23.4'W) was under biological surveillance for one year prior to the arrival of Tropical Storm Agnes. For one full year following this storm, these measurements were continued. In addition, the chlorophyll a and heterotrophic potential measurements were incorporated into an ongoing zooplankton sampling program of the lower Chesapeake Bay below 37°40'N latitude.

Rare And Newly Recorded Chondricthyian And Teleostean Fishes Of The Continental Slope Of West Africa, G. A. Golovan

Reports

This paper is composed primarily of species descriptions and accounts, and as such contains a very large number of abbreviations and numerals in the text. Inasmuch as the material presented in this form is central to the content of the paper, very great care was taken in transposing and checking this information between this translation and the original Russian version.