Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Report To The Coastal Erosion Abatement Commission Commonwealth Of Virginia Concerning The Inventory Of Sand Supplies In The Southern Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, Robert A. Gammish

Reports

In its report to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia (Senate Document No. 4, Commonwealth of Virginia, 1979), the Coastal Erosion Abatement Commission found that "there is a need to locate sources of sand supplies for rebuilding public beaches. Certain bottom areas in the lower Chesapeake Bay should be studied as possible sources of sand supply for public beaches." And toward that end, the Commission recommended that "The School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, study and analyze possible sources of sand supply in the lower Chesapeake Bay and vicinity for …

Monthly Salinity Data For The York River Plotted By River Mile By Month, Frank J. Wojcik

Reports

This report presents graphs on the mean salinities yearly by five mile intervals upriver from the mouth of the York River, and these are overlaid with 25-year average data for the same month, along with the 95% confidence intervals.

Organic Compounds In Surface Sediments And Oyster Tissues From The Chesapeake Bay, R. H. Bieri, P. O. Dufur, R. J. Huggett, W. Macintyre, P. Shou, C. L. Smith, C. W. Su

Reports

This report contains three parts. In Part I, the methodology to extract and analyze sediment and oyster tissue samples from the Chesapeake Bay is described in detail. Remaining problems are clearly identified. Part II contains the results and their discussion. Part III contains a number of appendices with detailed data. For those readers interested in still more detail, the complete bank of processed data is on computer tapes at this institute and at the Environmental Protection Agency-Chesapeake Bay Program office at Annapolis, Maryland. Also included in Part III we give the results of volatile halogenated organic compounds determined in water …

The Present State Of Organic Xenobiotics In The Chesapeake Bay - A Synthesis Paper, R. J. Huggett, R. H. Bieri, P. O. Defur, W. G. Macintyre, P. Shou, C. L. Smith, C. W. Su

Reports

This manuscript discusses the results of the first two and one half years of a three-year study designed to determine the present state of xenobiotic compounds in the Chesapeake Bay. It shows that polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are the most frequently encountered compounds and are the most abundant. Concentrations are highest in the Northern Bay with several sources implicated. During this study an apparent dumping of the pesticide, DDT, occurred. Either the quantity disposed of was small enough or the assimulation capacity was large enough that no adverse effects were noted. The detection by us of 6-phenyldodecane in bottom sediments of …

Response To Freshwater Inflow In The Rappahannock Estuary, Virginia : Operation Hiflo '78, Maynard M. Nichols, L. Eugene Cronin, William B. Cronin, M. Grant Gross, Bruce W. Nelson, Jack W. Pierce, Robert E. Ulanowicz

Reports

More sediment, nutrients and pollutants are discharged into an estuary during a few days of flood inflow than during many months or years of average inflow (Meade, 1972; Schubel, 1977), but few observations document the sedimentary response of an estuary to high freshwater inflow. Such inflows are usually unexpected and estuarine water charact~ristics change too rapidly to permit systematic measurements. Moreover, the expenditure of effort and number of sampling vessels required on short notice is beyond the resources of a single research group or institute. Yet, freshwater inflow observations are a key to improving water quality; especially to ameliorate the …

Landsat Analysis Of The Dynamics Of The Chesapeake Bay Plume On The Continental Shelf, John C. Munday, Michael S. Fedosh

Reports

The dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay plume have been studied by examination of 81 dates of Landsat images with color additive enhancement and single-band density slicing. The "plume" was interpreted from surface turbidity discontinuties as revealed in images from multispectral scanner (MSS) bands 4-7. Results show that the Chesapeake Bay plume usually frequents the Virginia coast south of the Bay mouth. Wind and tide vectors are the principal variables affecting the plume dynamics. Southwestern (compared to northern) winds spread and disperse the plume easterly over a large area. Ebb tide images (compared to flood tide images) show a more dispersed …

Final Report Of The Hillsborough Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

The report presented here is the final communication of data collected during the first year and a half of plant operation at variance standards. In addition, earlier data collected by the City of Tampa are also presented in this report in order to give background information of conditions existing prior to operation under the variance (Appendix C). The earlier data may also describe long term trends and normal seasonal cycles occurring in the bay.

Continuous Flow Nutrient Bioassays With Natural Phytoplankton Populations Collected In Hillsborough Bay, Florida, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

The enclosure system chosen for these experiments was continuous and similar to one described by Jones, Tett, Wallis, and Wood (1978a sn b). They successfully maintained for 41 days in the laboratory, with reasonable constant diversity, a natural phytoplankton community from a Scottish Sea-loch.

Environmental Quality 1980 - Hillsborough County Florida, Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission

Reports

This report summarizes at least 111,497 air pollutant samples collected at about 86 sampling stations throughout Hillsborough County during 1980. Enclosed maps attempt to depict the cleaner and dirtier areas of Hillsborough County, while data summaries show where and how often air quality standards were exceeded during 1980.

This broad base of water data obtained during 1972-1980 provides useful background data for eventual development, revision and enforcement a f regulations, standard effluent limi tation plans, or programs established under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972.

A User's Manual For Computer Programs Used In: Model Choice: An Operational Comparison Of Stochastic Streamflow Models For Droughts, W. Robert James, David S. Bowles, Nath T. Kottegoda

Reports

The rapid development of stochastic or operational hydrology over the past 10 years has led to the need for some comparative analyses of the currently available long-term persistence models. Five annual stochastic streamflow generation models (autoregressive, autoregressive-moviing-average (ARMA), ARMA-Markov, fast fractional Gaussian noise, and broken line) are compared on their ability to preserved drought-related time series properties and annual statistics. Using Monto Carlo generation procedures and comparing the average generated statistics and drought or water supply properties, a basis is established to evaluated model performance on four different Utah study streams. A seasonal disaggregation model is applied to each of …

Update On Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities For The Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles, W. Robert James, Ronald V. Canfield

Reports

The techniques of operational hydrology, employing an autoregrssive moving average (ARMA (1,0) model were used to replicate historical patterns of streamflow into, precipitation on, and evaporation from the Great Salt Lake. The results were combined with a lake water balance model to simulate lake stage sequences beginning with known initial conditions and extending up to 125 years into the future and used to generate probability distributions for future lake stages. Starting with a spring 1980 high stage of 4200.45 ft msl, the best estimate is that the 1981 spring high will be 4200.19, but there is one change in four …

Hydrosalinity Impacts Of Conservation Measures In The Sevier River Basin, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

The Sevier River Basin is a water short basin wherein upstream diversions not consumptively used become the water right for downstream users. The diversion-return cycle occurs several times as the stream travels from its mountain source areas to the terminal lake at the lower end of the basin. This study dealt with the proposed implementation of conservation measures which would wawste less diverted water and allow for irrigation of additional acres. The objective was to predict the hydrosalinity impacts of the implementation of these measures. The results indicated that increased consumptive use in the upper areas would decrease the water …

Water Quality In Pleasant Valley, Utah, Calvin G. Clyde, Dennis B. George, Kun Mo Lee, Phil Pucel, William Hay

Reports

Pollution of shallow groundwater due to wastewater disposal in Pleasant Valley, Utah, was investigated from October 1979 through August 1980. Water samples were collected from 23 wells and 5 stream sampling sites. Water quality analysis revealed pollution at several sites. Groundwater pollution caused by man’s activities in the area was observed in Bolotas and Scofield Campsite subdivisions. Severe shallow groundwater pollution measured in wells which were located in south and north profiles of the town of Scofield, Utah, could have originated from the municipal waste disposal practice in the town. Natural phenomena, however, such as pyrite oxidation, could possible have …

Lime Neutralization Of So2 Treated Wastewater After Air Stripping, V. Dean Adams

Reports

No abstract provided.

Ph Neutralization And Phosphorus Removal From A Sulfur Dioxide (So2) Treated Wastewater Using Lime (Ca(Oh)2) Addition, V. Dean Adams, Richard J. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.

Sulfur Dioxide Treatment Of Secondary Sewage: Effect On Viruses, V. Dean Adams

Reports

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Wastewater Filtration, Bryant L. Benth, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Dennis B. George, James H. Reynolds

Reports

Tertiary filtration of secondary wastewater is frequently used to improve wastewater treatment plant effluent quality. Four experimental filter columns were operated at the Preston, Idaho, Wastewater Treatment Plant to evaluate the effectiveness of granular media, gravity filtration. The Preston plant is a trickling filter secondary treatment plant and services a population of approximately 3600 people. Four filter medium configurations were studied. Multi-media, dual-media, and single-media beds were constructed with the following media configurations: (1) coal-sand-garnet; (2) coal-sand; (3) sand-garnet; and (4) all sand. The filters were operated at two hydraulic loading rates. Effluents from the primary clarifier, trickling filter, and …

Energy Siting In Utah: A Programming Model, Donald L. Snyder, John E. Keith, Terrence F. Glover, Gene L. Wooldridge

Reports

Using a conceptual model of a multiple-product firm, the necessary conditions for an optimal input and output allocation were determined for a region constrained by resource availabilities and/or policy constraints. A linear programming model was developed to deteremine the optimal allocation of water between agricultural and coal-fired electrical generating entities as well as the trade offs which could occur if electrical generation were increased. Other areas of potential trade offs such as coal source restrictions and air quality regualtions were also examined. Coal mining and transportation costs were included as were SO2, Nox, and particulate emission rates on a coal …

Calcium Carbonate Precipitation As Influenced By Stream Primary Production, Gretchen L. Rupp, V. Dean Adams

Reports

The potential influence of periphyton photosynthesis on calcium carbonate precipitation was studied for the Logan River, Bear River Mountains, northern Utah. The water chemistry, hydrology, and benthic primary production of the river were monitored for one year. periphyton photosynthesis and calcium carbonate precipitation were measured concurrently in laboratory experiments utilizing radioisotopic tracers. These experiments investigated the effects of water temperature, velocity, and macronutrient concentration on photosynthetically induced calcium carbonate precipitation. In these experiments, the biologic induction of calcium carbonate precipitation was not correlated with water nutrient level. It did, however, reflect water temperature, and was greatest at approximately 10 degrees …

The Occurrence Of Trihalomethane Compounds In Salt Lake City And Ogden, Utah, Drinking Water Supplies, Thomas Peters, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

A purge and trap, gas chromatography system was developed to analyze for trihalomethane (THMs) compounds at the ppb (parts per billion) level in drinking water. Monthly influent and effluent samples were taken from three Weber Basin Water Conservancy Distrcit treatment plants, three Salt Lake City water treatmetn platns, and one Slat Lake Metropolitan water treatment plant. In addition tap water samples were taken at various business and residential locations in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Ogen, Utah. All samples were analyzed for trihalomethanes and total organic carbon (TOC). In addition to monthly sampling, a comparison of the production of THMs …

The Kinetics Of Rotating Biological Contactors Treating Domestic Wastewater, Abraham Pano, E. Joe Middlebrooks, J. H. Reynolds

Reports

Four, four-stage, laboratory scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) units were employed to develop kinetic models for the RBC process when treating domestic wastewater. The study was conducted at three different temperatures of 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 20 degrees C. Each unit operated at a different constant organic loading rate taht ranged from 4 qCOD/m^2/d to 14 gCOD/m^2/d and at a constand detention time of 2 hours. Carbonaceous substrate removals measured as COD cencentrations with the four-stage RBC's were 80, 85, and 90 percent for 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 20 degrees C, respectively. The major …

Natural Salinity Removal Processes In Reservoirs, Jay J. Messer, Eugene K. Israelsen, V. Dean Adams

Reports

A small but significant amount of salinity removal has been reported by various authors to occur in mainstem Colorado River reservoirs. Recalculation of some of these salinity budgets, together with a review of the data bases used, usggests taht removal has not often been conclusively demonstrated. Laboratory microcosm experiments and field data indicate that calcium carbonate precipitation, perhaps with some coprecipitation of magnesium carbonate, is the mechanism responsible for most of the salinity removal in Oneida Reservoir, Idaho. Coprecipitation processes (including ion exchange), coagulation, and bioassimilation do not appear to be important natural salinity removal mechanisms. Finally, loss of calcium, …

A Methodology For Public-Planner Interaction In Multiobjective Project Planning And Evaluation, Mac Mckee, T. Ward Morgan, Rangesan Narayanan, A. Bruce Bishop

Reports

A review of current multiple objective planning techniques is presented. A critique of certain classes of these techniques is offered, especially in terms of the degree to which they facilitate certain information needs of the planning process. Various tools in operations research are used to constructed a new multiple objective planning methodology, called the "Vector Optimization Decision Convergence Algorithm" (VODCA). An application of the methodology pertaining to water resources development in Utah is documented.

Erosion Inhibitor Performance Evaluation Under Simulated Wind And Rain, C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill

Reports

Introduction: Increasing public awareness of the desireability of protecting the environment from soil erosion caused by wind and water has centered attention on large construction projects such as highways and housing subdivisions, as well as on individual building sites and parking lots. If unattended, sediment produced from these areas pollutes surface water, restricts drainage, fills reservoirs, damages adjacent land, and upsets the natural ecology of lakes and streams. The search continues for products and practices that will prevent of lessen the amount of sediment leaving construction sites. Products currently in use include chemical as well as organic materials, and they …

A Preliminary Study Of Community Oxygen Metabolism In The Vicinity Of The C. P. Crane Electric Power Generating Station : Final Report, Paul L. Zubkoff

Reports

The community metabolism of the waters in the vicinity of C. P. Crane electric power generating station is reported for two seasonal periods in 1979. The early autumn period (October) is generally characterized by warm water temperatures (20°C) and an insolation period of 11 hours; the late autumn period (December) is generally characterized by cold water temperatures (4-6°C) and an insolation period of approximately 9 hours. Both sets of observations, were taken during periods which were significantly influenced by winds. ... more.

Model Choice: An Operational Comparison Of Stochastic Streamflow Models For Droughts, W. Robert James, David S. Bowles, Nath T. Kottegoda

Reports

The rapid development of stochastic or operational hydrology over the past 10 years has led to the need for some comparative analyses of the currently available long-term persistence models. Five annual stochastic streamflow generation models (autoregressive, autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA), ARMA-Markov, fast fractional Gaussian noise, and broken line) are compared on their ability to preserve drought-related time series properties and annual statistics. Using Monte Carlo generation procedures and comparing the average generated statistics and drought or water supply properties, a basis is established to evalute model performance on four different Utah study streams. A seasonal disaggregation model is applied to each of …

Design Considerations In The Use Of Glauber Salt For Energy Storage, Duane G. Chadwick, Kim H. Sherwood

Reports

Various design concepts for the utilization of the latent heat of Glauber salt at temperatues between 25 degrees C and 50 degrees C were studied. Consideration was given to system economics and what particular heat storage system if perfected would be most cost effective. The problems of limited crystal size and heat transfer into and out of salt crystals is discussed. Crystal size is affected by the degree of agitation the salt solution experiences during the salt cooling process. Consequently, crystal size was moderated in a favorable way by introducing air bubbles at the bottom of the salt container. As …

A Laboratory Evaluation Of Leachate From The Jim Bridger Power Plant Scrubber Wastes, V. Dean Adams, Mary E. Pitts, Megan J. Dyer

Reports

Introduction: Scrubber wastes obtained in an affort to limit air pollution generated by coal-fired pwoer plants may contribute to another possible sources of pollution. To date, scrubber wastse have been in a liquid phase which causes disposal problems partially due to the liquid characteristics. The use of solid scrubber wastes and the land deposition of such wastes is proposed. The feasibility of solid scrubber wastes disposal in landfills is under question. The primary area of concern is the effect that water percolation through such wastes would have on groundwater quality parameters. Contamination could result either as precipitation travels downward through …

Evaluation Of Particular Mulches For Fostering Plant Growth And Inhibiting Erosion (Phase 2), C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill

Reports

Introduction: Increasing public awareness of the desireability of protecting the environment from soil erosion caused by wnid and water has centered attention on large construction projects such as highways and housing subdivisions, as well as on individual building sites and parking lots. If unattended, sediment produced from these areas pollutes surface water, restricts drainage, fills reservoirs, damages adjacent land, and upsets the natural ecology of lakes and streams. The search continues for products and practices that will prevent or lessen the amount of sediment leaving construction sites. Products currently in use include chamical as well as organic materials, and they …

Economic Impacts Of Irrigation Technologies In The Sevier River Basin, Theodore R. Frickel, Rangesan Narayanan

Reports

The economic well-being of the semiarid intermountain area requires efficent use of available water supplies. Agriculture, the major water-consuming industry, depends on irrigation water. The adoption of sprinkler systems that increase on-farm irrigation "efficiencies" and the area which can be irrigated from upstream diversions may interfere with the "tenure" of downstream water rights. These downstream effects need to be evaluated before allowing farmers to use the water "saved" to irrigate additional acreages or crops to obtain greater profits. The problem in letting farms expand their irrigated acreage is that the individual farmer increases his profits through increased consumptive use. The …