Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Study Of The Effects Of Dredging And Dredge Spoil Disposal On The Marine Environment: Project Report., Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

The Rappahannock Shoal and spoil disposal area investigated encompasses an area of approximately 180 square miles. The initial sampling program (1961) consisted of the establishment of a series of transects across the survey area. One hundred sampling stations were located along the established transects.

Inasmuch as the texture of the bottom sediments varied distinctly from place to place within the mid-bay region, the initial objective was to delineate the sediment distribution. Ninety-eight core samples were taken from the area with a modified Phleger coring device and analyzed in detail for textural characteristics. Representative stations were chosen and core samples were …

Report To The York River Oyster Research Corporation On The Physiological Response Of Oysters To Several Polymeric Materials And Their Derivatives, Dexter S. Haven

Reports

The physiological responses of several polymeric materials and their derivatives, associated with the manufacturing process of pulp, were tested on oysters. It was thought that, when fed in small quantities, these substances might increase shell or meat size or be of value as possible nutritive supplements . The substances tested were divided into two classes. The first, consisting of basic polymeric materials, may occur in natural water s as the result of chemical changes. Representatives of these were indulin C and dextrose. The second class is composed of chemically pure derivatives of the preceding substances. These may appear in trace …

Reliability Of Can-Type Precipitation Gage Measurements, C Earl Israelsen

Reports

A comprehensive review of literature was made of studies conducted since 1952 pertaining to the accuracy of can-type precipitation gage measurements. Brief discussions are given of the results of some of them, and conclusions are drawn. Topics discussed include raingage comparisons, accuracy of precipitation measurements, precipitation gage errors, and precipitation measurements in mountains. A bibliography is included

Consecutive Streamflow Averages For 90 Utah Stations, A. Leon Huber

Reports

No abstract provided.

Frequency And Magnitudes Of Monthly And Annual Flow Rates (As Determined By (A) A Normal Distribution (B) By Ranking (C) A Gamma Distribution And (D) By A Log Normal Distribution), Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Background of Program: In developing a water resources atlas for the State of Utah it was necessary to determine the characterisitcs of stream flows within the State. The variations of stream flow for any given month from year to year as well as the variations from month to month throughout the year are important characterisitcs which are determined by analyzing the streamflow records to determine their probability distributions. The program which is descirbed in the following pages was written to determine the monthly as well as annual runoff amounts which might be expected for any number of specified levels of …

Frequency Analyses And Probable Storage Requirements By Frequency Mass Curve Methods, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Background of Program: In devloping a water resources atlas for the State of Utah, numerous stream flow records were analyzed to determine their flow characteristics. The objective was to present the results in a format which is well adapted for use by water resources planners in preliminary designs to obtain optimum benefits from the water resources. The program described in this booklet was written to determine the probable amounds of storage required in order to meet specified levels of sustained demand for water. The method used not only gives information concerning amounts of storage but also information concerning the probably …

Estimating Water Yields In Utah By Principal Component Analysis, Leei-Luoh Wang, A. Leon Huber

Reports

The basic hydrologic data required to determine the water yield are usually unavailable for small basins and streams while increasing emphasis is being placed on their development. Therefore, some methods and techniques for estimating the amount of water available for development of these small units is needed. The purpose of this study is to use the concepts and techniques of statistical analysis to develop equations which are useful in estimating the water yield of watersheds for which no stream flow records are available. The approach is an extension of earlier studies at Utah State University (1, 10) in which physiographic …

Design And Calibration Of Submerged Open Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 3 - Cutthroat Flumes, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Ross Kay Anderson, Keith O. Eggleston

Reports

No abstract provided.

Design And Calibration Of Submerged Open Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 1 - Submerged Flow, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Keith O. Eggleston

Reports

No abstract provided.

Brief Abstracts Of Some Papers On Seeding Agents, Jay D. Schiffman, Joel E. Fletcher

Reports

During the preparation of a work plan for a study of the atmospheric water resources in Utah, a number of publications were studied which presented information pertaining to agents used to modify weather. These publications have been compiled to eliminate repetition of this laborious task. Brief abstracts of these papers were prepared to help investigators determine whether or not they wish to see the original publications.

Application Of An Electronic Analog Computer For The Simulation Of Hydrologic Events On A Southwest Watershed, J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

The hydrologic characteristics of watersheds in semiarid regions are dependent upon many variable and often interrelated factors. A quantitative knowledge of these factors and of their relative influence upon the system as a whole is needed in order to improve the efficiency of watershed management in these areas. In an attempt to develop a comprehensive simulation model of a semiarid watershed, research workers in the Agricultural Research Service considered the electronic quently signed with Utah State University. Analog modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various processes which occur within the surface hydrologic system …

Application Of An Electronic Analog Computer To The Problems Of River Basin Hydrology, J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess the downstream consequences resulting from chances at specific locations within a hydrologic system. This problem was approached by electronic analog simulation of the hydrologic system. The complexity of a hydrologic model depends to a large extent upon the magnitude of the time and spatial increments utilized in the model. The increment size selected depends upon the types of problems to be solved. Three models are described, and in each succeeding model the definition in terms of time and/or space is improved. While the …

The Reliability Of Usu Telemetered Precipitation Data: 1. The Counter Precision Factor For 8 Inch By 36 Inch Gages, George W. Reynolds, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

The telemetered precipitation data are read out as frequency or period numbers by an electronic counter. These counts are to be converted to inches of precipitation. The readout electronic count is within 1 count of the transmitted count.

This study applies only to the 8" x 36" cans

Using the frequency count readout gives a precision of +-.02" to +-.05 of water equivalence and varies between .02" and .04" when there is between 10" and 30" of water equivalence in the can.

Period counts give more precise measurements, ranging between +-.01" and +-.03" of precipitation over the whole scale. It …

The Structure Of Turbulence In An Open Channel With Large Spherical Roughness Elements, Farooq Nazir

Reports

The present status of knowledge of turbulent flow is inadequate, especially in the case of rough open channels, for the formulation of a general theory. It is believed that more experimental data and the subsequent interpretation of these data are necessary before a workable theory can be formulated. Hence, a description of the turbulence present in a rough open channel can be valuable. For this study an artificially roughened bed 48 feet in length was placed in a channel 8 feet wide and 6 feet deep. Measurements were made of the following properties of turbulence at three different slopes: 1. …

Design And Calibration Of Submerged Open Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 2 -Parshall Flumes, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Joe D. England, J. Raymond Johnson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Rectangular Cutthroat Flow Measuring Flumes, Gaylord V. V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

Introduction: Procedures and methods for more accurate measurement and improved management of water are continually being sought to make better use of our water resources. Of all the devices and structures developed for measuring water, measuring flumes are among the most widely accepted and used. The most common measuring flume is the Parshall flume developed by Ralph Parshall at Colorado State University. Common to most flumes is the basic geometry consisting of a converging inlet section, a throat, and a diverging outlet section. Occasionally, the diverging outlet section is removed under free flow conditions, and the water is allowed to …

Administrative Budget Needs 1967-69, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of A Symposium: Pollution Control Of Industrial Wastewaters, Calvin K. Sudweeks, Lynn M. Thatcher, Elmo Morgan, Franklin J. Agardy, R. E. Pailthorp, John C. Merrell Jr.

Reports

No abstract provided.

Finite Difference Solutions To Free-Surface Flow Through Nonhomogeneous Porous Media, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Design And Calibration Of Submerged Open Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 4 - Weirs, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Lloyd H. Austin

Reports

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Development In Arid Basins, Dean F. Peterson Jr., Harold E. Thomas, J H. Feth, P. H. Mcgauhey, James H. Milligan, Wayne D. Criddle, Judge Lewis Jones, Dallin W. Jensen, Calvin G. Clyde, Bartell C. Jensen, C. E. Jacob, Jay R. Bingham, E. O. Larson

Reports

Summary: Groundwater development frequently provides a means whereby tremendous new economic opportunities are opened up. If supplies are overdrawn (mined) the ensuing regional economy may be able to affort replacements from more costly sources. In the United States the Salt River Valley of Arizona and the valleys of California provide examples. Two cases are treated in this paper, Israel and West Pakistan. In Israel, besides furnishing more than half of the basic source of water suppply, groundwater development provides opportunity for both quantity and quality management, which makes possible use of surface supplies and reclaimed sewage as firm rather than …

Using Remote Infrared Sensors To Detect Changes In Moisture Conditions On Natural Watersheds, Ralph D. Briscoe, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Foreword: This report summarizes the results of laboratory measurements of the infrared reflectance of selected living plants typical of the natural watersheds in northern Utah. Data indicate that the IR reflectance decreases as the moisture content of the soil decreases and the moisture tension in the soil increases. Additional data will be collected in the field to confirm the results and to further tests the feasibility of using IR reflectance of vegetation as an indicator of soil moisture conditions on the watershed. Mr. Briscoe, Research Physicist, has been responsible for the gathering of laboratory data and has written the manuscript …

Feasibility Study Of A Capacitance-Type Electronic Sediment-Sensing Device, C. Earl Israelsen, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

Difficulties caused by sediment carried in natural streams have existed since earliest times. Although instruments and techniques for measuring stream discharge have existed for many years, only recently have attempts been made to measure sediment carried by the streams. The earliest observations of sediment discharge in the United States were made by Captain Talcott in the Mississippi River in 1838 (1). More or less continuous samples of sediment from the Rio Grande have been collected by the United States Geological Survey since 1879, and from the Colorado River Basin since 1925. Studies of sediment transport are seriously hampered by the …

Mathematical Simulation Of Small Watershed Hydrologic Phenomena, V. V. Dhruva Narayana, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

In many hydrologic investigations concerning small watersheds, data and observations are totally inadequate to provide a basis for outflow hydrographs. Consequently, a variety of empirical approaches have been developed which have limited rational validity. Hydrograph synthesis offers a reasonable approach to predicting the outflow hydrograph characteristics. In order to synthesize a hydrograph, it is necessary to mathematically describe the physical behavior of the dynamic processes involved in the hydrologic phenomena. Hydrograph synthesis may be considered to comprise (a) hydrographs (actual or simulated) of precipitation, (b) hydrographs of abstractions such as interception, infiltration, and depressional storage, (c) routing or translating the …

Analysis Of Submergence In Flow Measuring Flumes, Gaylord V. V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

Submerged flow exists in a measuring flume when a change in flow depth downstream from the flume causes a change in flow depth upstream for any particular constant value of discharge. When a change in tailwater depth does not affect the upstream depth, free flow exists. To evaluate the discharge under free-flow conditions, it is necessary to measure only a flow depth upstream from the contracted section (throat) of the flume, whereas two flow depths must be measured to evaluate the discharge under submerged-flow conditions. The two flow depths normally measured when submerged flow exists consist of the same upstream …

Subcritical Flow Over Highway Embankments, Gaylord V. V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

Introduction: At Utah State University, considerable effort has been devoted to the analysis of submerged flow at open channel constrictions. A method of analyzing subcritical (submerged) flow has been developed for flumes. Because of previous findings, it was felt that this method of analyzing submerged flow could be applied to highway embankments. A highway embankment, when overtopped by flood waters, is a form of broad-crested weir. Being a weir, the flood discharge over the embankment is only a function of the upstream depth for free flow conditions. This paper will present a method for determining the discharge under submerged flow …

A Procedure For Determining The Feasibility Of Planned Conjunctive Use Of Surface And Ground Water, Barry C. Saunders

Reports

Improved management of water resources is one means for alleviating deficiencies in water supply. One promising management technique is integration of ground water and surface water supplies and storage unites, or planned conjunctive use. In order to assess the value of this technique in relations to a particular area or basin, it is necessary to look at the economic, hydrologic, and legal system as a whole. A planning procedure is developed which will enable feasibility to be determined at a minimum cost.

The procedure consists of determining legal constraints, estimating benefits which will accrue to additional water, estimating the quantity …

Influences Of Exposure On Pan Evaporation In A Mountainous Area, Eugene L. Peck

Reports

The effects of exposure on pan evaporation rates were studied at the Davis County Experimental Watershed near Farmington, Utah, by operating a network of 12 class A evaporation stations on the watershed during the summer months of 1962 through 1966. Standard Weather Bureau observations on a daily basis were obtained from a total of 17 different sites representing widely idverse topography with a vertical range of 4, 630 feet. Deviations from mean relations with elevation on monthly values of observed meteorological factors were found to be related to the type of exposure. Dewpoint observations on different slopes were found to …

Engineering For The Human Environment, Frank E. Moss

Reports

President's Introduction: The environment of man has been the subject of intensive studies in recent years as the dangers of pollution became increasingly evident. The atmostphere we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, all are endangered by defilement. Thre resolution of the conflict can came only through a asystematic reordering of the national way of life so that man himself will not fall victim to the wastes of his civilization. For forty years Utah State University has been vitally concerned with the problems of pollution. Utah State surveys and studies have revealed the effects of pollutants on …

Concentration Of Suspended Radioactive Wastes Into Bottom Deposits., Dexter S. Haven

Reports

During recent years rapid advances in nuclear technology have increased the probability of accidental contamination of our coastal estuarine waters by several routes. The chances of such contamination appear remote, but in the event of a nuclear accident, it would be imperative to understand processes which will disperse or concentrate radioactive materials. In coastal waters the disposal or transport of radionuclides in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible concentration is affected by tidal action and by the volume of inflowing fresh waters. During the period of transport by coastal or estuarine currents, physical and chemical forces will produce abiotic sedimentation. The …