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Articles 31 - 60 of 112
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Noether's Theorem: Symmetry And Conservation, Tristan Johnson
Noether's Theorem: Symmetry And Conservation, Tristan Johnson
Honors Theses
A common calculus problem is to find an input that optimizes (maximizes or minimizes) a function. An extension of this problem is to find a function that optimizes an expression depending on the function. This paper studies how small (differentiable) variations of functions give us more information about expressions dependent on these functions. Specifically, Noether’s Theorem states that in a system of functions, each differential symmetry – or small variation where the system is invariant– constructs a conserved quantity. We will describe, interpret and prove Noether’s Theorem using techniques from linear algebra, differential geometry, and the calculus of variations. Furthermore, …
Direction Of Lead Diffusion In Geological Samples Using Rutherford Backscattering Sepctrometry, Andrew Mccalmont
Direction Of Lead Diffusion In Geological Samples Using Rutherford Backscattering Sepctrometry, Andrew Mccalmont
Honors Theses
A Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) analysis experiment was performed on several pyrrhotite samples in order to understand their lead (Pb) diffusive properties and determine the diffusion coefficients for Pb into the sample. The pyrrhotite samples were prepared at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and were subsequently annealed for one to several days at temperatures on the order of 500–800℃. A 1.1–MV Pelletron Accelerator in the Union College Ion Beam Analysis Laboratory was used to produce beams of 3.3–MeV alpha particles. The beam of alpha particles collided with the samples and the backscattered alpha particles’ energies were detected using a silicon surface barrier detector. …
General Relativity And Differential Geometry, Harry Hausner
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Pcb) Pollution Of The Hudson River: Social Policy And Health Considerations, Laura Schad
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Pcb) Pollution Of The Hudson River: Social Policy And Health Considerations, Laura Schad
Honors Theses
The purpose of this paper is to examine pollution in the Hudson River and the role General Electric has had in creating this problem. The focus will be on social issues and problems that have emerged as a result of the environmental damage from pollution. Until recently, there was little research done on the health and environmental justice issues that impact the New York communities where GE’s factories were located. This paper examines the material collected and studies that were done which document Hudson River pollution and the contributions as well as cleanup efforts of General Electric. The overall problems …
13c Composition In Bryophyte Primary Sugars As An Indicator Of Water Availability, Olivia Hope Williamson
13c Composition In Bryophyte Primary Sugars As An Indicator Of Water Availability, Olivia Hope Williamson
Honors Theses
Bryophytes (mosses and their relatives) are a major carbon sink, and their productivity, is expected to be affected by climate change. Changes in plant productivity caused by changes in the climate can be tracked through stable carbon isotopes. This research aims to find a connection between stable carbon isotope signatures and water availability in bryophytes by examining the composition of 13C in soluble sugars and bulk tissue. Similar to trees, which leave rings of growth every year, mosses build up peat deposits, which can be used to gain information about the weather and water availability of a region. Information on …
Pixe Analysis Of Aerosol Soil Artificial Turf And Running Track Samples, Joshua Yoskowitz
Pixe Analysis Of Aerosol Soil Artificial Turf And Running Track Samples, Joshua Yoskowitz
Honors Theses
Proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) has been performed on aerosol, soil, artificial turf, and running track samples using the 1.1-MV tandem Pelletron accelerator in the Union College Ion Beam Analysis Laboratory. PIXE analysis of the aerosol and soil samples was performed with 2.2-MeV proton beams. X-ray energy spectra were measured with a silicon drift detector and analyzed with GUPIX software to determine the elemental concentrations in the aerosol and soil samples. Of particular interest are the concentrations of airborne pollutants, such as sulfur that can contribute to acid rain and the acidification of Adirondack lakes such as Piseco Lake. PIXE …
Development Of A [2]-Catenane Synthetic Method And A Student Beliefs Survey For A Hybrid Organometallics Course, Jourdan E. Lakes
Development Of A [2]-Catenane Synthetic Method And A Student Beliefs Survey For A Hybrid Organometallics Course, Jourdan E. Lakes
Honors Theses
In this study, the value-added of a new upper-level chemistry course, CHEM 372-Organometallics, was defined using a Student Beliefs Survey that was answered by students in CHEM 372 and by faculty who teach upper-level chemistry courses at Coastal Carolina University. The laboratory portion of CHEM 372 focused on the synthesis of a [2]-catenane, which is a molecularly interlocked molecule (MIM). The intention was to give the CHEM 372 students a goal to work toward over the course of the semester instead of different, unrelated, experiments each week. Using this style of lab teaching, the students were introduced to graduate school-level …
Was 2015 The Summer Of The Shark? Evidence From The Coastal Carolina University Shark Project, Brooke Anderson
Was 2015 The Summer Of The Shark? Evidence From The Coastal Carolina University Shark Project, Brooke Anderson
Honors Theses
Winyah Bay is a 65-km2 estuary in northeast South Carolina and is considered essential habitat and nursery ground for several shark species of the western North Atlantic. As a result of a number of shark bites/attacks during the summer of 2015, many concluded there was higher abundance of sharks than in previous years. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis using surveys of shark populations from Winyah Bay in the summer of 2015, and comparing the diversity and abundance of sharks from this survey to those of previous years from the same survey. From July to August …
Abundance And Distribution Of Microplastic Particles In Winyah Bay, S.C. , Dillon King
Abundance And Distribution Of Microplastic Particles In Winyah Bay, S.C. , Dillon King
Honors Theses
Plastics are incredibly durable synthetic polymers used in a wide variety of consumer products. Microplastics are generally defined as plastic debris ranging from 0.33 to 5 millimeters in size. Microplastic pollution in the environment is a global concern because of their propensity to serve as a vector for bioaccumlation and the spread of harmful bacteria. This study characterized the concentrations of floating microplastics in Winyah Bay, South Carolina, the surrounding freshwater river systems, and 10 miles offshore of Winyah Bay. Samples were collected according to NOAA standard techniques for microplastic collection in water using a 335 µm and 153 µm …
An Analysis Of Environmentally-Persistent Free Radical Formation On Surrogate Soil Systems Containing Iron(Iii) And Copper(Ii) And The Potential Remediation Effects Of Laccases, Andrew Paul Mullet
An Analysis Of Environmentally-Persistent Free Radical Formation On Surrogate Soil Systems Containing Iron(Iii) And Copper(Ii) And The Potential Remediation Effects Of Laccases, Andrew Paul Mullet
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
Resonance Varieties Of Pure Braid-Like Groups, Jared Able
Resonance Varieties Of Pure Braid-Like Groups, Jared Able
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
Automated Data Acquisition Of Deet Time-Dependent Concentration Profiles, Ryan D. Coleman
Automated Data Acquisition Of Deet Time-Dependent Concentration Profiles, Ryan D. Coleman
Honors Theses
Spatial insect repellents must maintain a sufficient concentration in the vapor phase to successfully deter pests. However, little is known regarding correlation of concentration to efficacy nor does there exist a standard testing protocol to measure efficacy in air. Among existing spatial repellents, DEET is the most common active ingredient. This research focuses on application of sensor-based technologies to monitor the concentration levels of DEET under static conditions.
Metal oxide semiconductor sensors feature conductivity variance in response to absorption and desorption of volatile organic compounds. Advantages of these sensors include cost, versatility, and sensitivity. Metal oxide semiconductor sensors were chosen …
Exogenous Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Pufa) Scavenging Affects Phospholipid Profiles And Virulence Phenotypes In Vibrio Cholerae And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Anna Moravec
Honors Theses
AIM: This research had two primary objectives. First, this study sought to determine whether or not exposing Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) would lead to changes in their respective phospholipid profiles. Secondly, if membrane remodeling occurred, this study sought to determine the impact of membrane modifications on bacterial fitness by evaluating their effect on membrane permeability, biofilm formation, and response to stresses. METHODS: The Bligh and Dyer method was used to extract bacterial lipids, which were subsequently analyzed via thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The effect of fatty acids on bacterial fitness was assessed using stress, biofilm, …
Determining Methods Of Propagation For The Investigation Of Intraspecific Variability Of Climate Change Responses Of Appalachian Plant Species, Gayle L. Tyree
Determining Methods Of Propagation For The Investigation Of Intraspecific Variability Of Climate Change Responses Of Appalachian Plant Species, Gayle L. Tyree
Honors Theses
Species range migrations are a well-documented response to climate change (Loarie et al. 2009), with range shifts mainly occurring poleward or to higher elevations (Walther et al. 2002). As range shifts occur, variation in phenotypic traits within plant species across climate gradients could affect their abilities to acclimate or adapt to a changing climate (Hooper et al. 2005, Souza et al. 2011). In 2014 Dr. Jennifer Boyd (BGES) initiated a research project to examine potential intraspecific phenotypic variation within wide-ranging Appalachian plant species of responses to projected future atmospheric CO2 and temperature regimes. As an undergraduate research assistant, I focused …
Measuring Phytophthora Resistance Phenotypes In Segregating Testcross Families Of Hybrid American Chestnut Trees, Anna C. Robinson
Measuring Phytophthora Resistance Phenotypes In Segregating Testcross Families Of Hybrid American Chestnut Trees, Anna C. Robinson
Honors Theses
Phytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is a formidable obstacle to the restoration of Castanea dentata Marsh. commonly known as the American chestnut. Genetic resistance to PRR has been observed in Asian species of chestnut including C. mollissima Blume, and in interspecific hybrids between C. mollissima and C. dentata. We hypothesized that root rot resistance alleles would segregate in a 1:1 ratio within progeny of crosses between PRR resistant F1 hybrids and PRR-susceptible American chestnut trees (first-backcrosses), and that PRR resistance could be successfully passed down to all families of first-backcross hybrids. To test these …
The Simple Zeros Of The Riemann Zeta-Function, Melissa N. Miller
The Simple Zeros Of The Riemann Zeta-Function, Melissa N. Miller
Honors Theses
There have been many tables of primes produced since antiquity. In 348 BC Plato studied the divisors of the number 5040. In 1202 Fibonacci gave an example with a list of prime numbers up to 100. By the 1770's a table of number factorizations up to two million was constructed. In 1859 Riemann demonstrated that the key to the deeper understanding of the distribution of prime numbers lies in the study of a certain complex-valued function, called the zeta-function. In 1973 Montgomery used explicit formulas to study the pair correlation of the zeros of the zeta-function and their relationship to …
Uncovering Cryptic Diversity Of Desmognathine Salamanders In The Cumberland Plateau Utilizing Molecular Genetic Techniques, Katherine E. Ray
Uncovering Cryptic Diversity Of Desmognathine Salamanders In The Cumberland Plateau Utilizing Molecular Genetic Techniques, Katherine E. Ray
Honors Theses
Cryptic species are difficult to identify morphologically; therefore, their distributions are often poorly understood. However, species distributions are critical for evaluating biodiversity in ecology and biodiversity. Dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) are an example of species of North American salamanders that have been particularly difficult to classify. Specifically, in the southern Cumberland Plateau, the dusky salamanders’ distributions are unknown. Desmognathus fuscus and D. conanti have been found to the north and south of the southern Cumberland Plateau, respectively. However, they have not been adequately sampled in this region. I studied genetic variation in the mitochondrial gene CytB in Desmognathus salamanders sampled from …
Effects Of Cigarette Butts On Coastal Waters: An Elemental Analysis Of Seawater From St. Simon’S Island, Katherine Adorati
Effects Of Cigarette Butts On Coastal Waters: An Elemental Analysis Of Seawater From St. Simon’S Island, Katherine Adorati
Honors Theses
Cigarette litter can have detrimental effects on the environment, specifically when taking into account that over 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are littered every year. Within seawater, trace elements present in cigarettes may leach into the ocean, having damaging effects on the marine ecosystem. The goal of this research was to investigate if elemental contaminants leached from cigarette litter are significant in samples of seawater collected near St. Simon’s Island at both high and low tides, surrounding a beach party during the Florida/Georgia football game which occurred on November 1, 2014. Samples were collected in the months prior to and during …
Which Language(S) Are Best (For Web Development), Jackson A. Stone
Which Language(S) Are Best (For Web Development), Jackson A. Stone
Honors Theses
This thesis is intended to shine light on the complex nature of the online software ecosystem, in the hopes that it may help students who wish to pursue web development determine how to best spend their time researching and learning varying technologies.
Alkaloids In E-Cigarettes: Their Effects On Cell Growth And Gene Regulation, Maxwell H. Marlowe
Alkaloids In E-Cigarettes: Their Effects On Cell Growth And Gene Regulation, Maxwell H. Marlowe
Honors Theses
E-cigarettes have become increasingly popular in the past decade. They are marketed as smoking cessation aids. These products have not been well regulated or researched with respect to health concerns and safety issues. A number of toxic compounds have been discovered in refill solutions, and the long-term effects of e-cigarette use are still largely unknown. Nicotine is one of the primary alkaloids within e-cigarette refill solutions. Nevertheless, other tobacco alkaloids are present including; cotinine, myosmine and anabasine, even though these compounds are not disclosed on the packaging. This study uses known amounts of tobacco alkaloids, in an in vitro culture …
Present Value Calculations In Personal Injury, Nicholas J. Klinka
Present Value Calculations In Personal Injury, Nicholas J. Klinka
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
Synthesis And Application Of (R)-3-Methylpyrrolidine-3-Carboylic Acid, Shelby D. Dickerson
Synthesis And Application Of (R)-3-Methylpyrrolidine-3-Carboylic Acid, Shelby D. Dickerson
Honors Theses
L-Proline is an amino acid widely used in pharmaceutical and biotechnological research due to its catalytic activity and biological relevance. L-Proline has been recognized and utilized as an organocatalyst, which allows cleaner, more sustainable reactions. However, one issue with L-proline is its low solubility in organic systems, limiting its reactivity and efficiency, especially when considering industrial research. Two reactions that utilize L-Proline are the Michael and Aldol but require 100 mol% of L-Proline and 30 mol% of L-Proline, respectively. This research will focus on the synthesis of an analogue of L-Proline utilizing inexpensive, commercially available reagents. A variety of organic …
Applications Of The Sierpiński Triangle To Musical Composition, Samuel C. Dent
Applications Of The Sierpiński Triangle To Musical Composition, Samuel C. Dent
Honors Theses
The present paper builds on the idea of composing music via fractals, specifically the Sierpiński Triangle and the Sierpiński Pedal Triangle. The resulting methods are intended to produce not just a series of random notes, but a series that we think pleases the ear. One method utilizes the iterative process of generating the Sierpiński Triangle and Sierpiński Pedal Triangle via matrix operations by applying this process to a geometric configuration of note names. This technique designs the largest components of the musical work first, then creates subsequent layers where each layer adds more detail.
Functionalizing Β-Cyano Oligo(P-Phenylene Vinylene) Chromophores For Use In Mechanochromic Materials, Alexander J. Wink
Functionalizing Β-Cyano Oligo(P-Phenylene Vinylene) Chromophores For Use In Mechanochromic Materials, Alexander J. Wink
Honors Theses
Mechanochromic materials are materials that change color upon mechanical deformation. This concept can be applied in areas of quality control, since the knowledge of damaged parts will easily be detected due to a color change in the material that has undergone deformation. Typically these types of materials are enabled by employing functional small molecules. Often, these are conjugated organic molecules or chromophores, which fluoresce different colors determined by the stimulus (or lack thereof) acting upon the material. In this work, we explore a new avenue to elicit color changes in polymeric materials based on the process of restriction of intramolecular …
A Chemical Sensor For Cyanide, Rachel E. Lambert
A Chemical Sensor For Cyanide, Rachel E. Lambert
Honors Theses
The cyanide ion and its gaseous form, hydrogen cyanide, are extremely toxic. Cyanide impairs cellular respiration by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme in the electron transport chain, leading to cell death.
In a previous study, we synthesized an optical sensor that detects cyanide selectively. The aim of this project is to increase the sensitivity of this sensor. This can be achieved by utilizing the unique spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions.
The lanthanide metal (europium or terbium) was added to a coumarin-glycine chemodosimeter in a DMSO solvent system. The sensor was titrated with several monodentate analytes including, nitrate, octylamine, 1-pentanethiol, …
Using Intrinsic Properties Of Polyaniline To Sense Expression Of The Microrna Let-7, Jared N. Gloria
Using Intrinsic Properties Of Polyaniline To Sense Expression Of The Microrna Let-7, Jared N. Gloria
Honors Theses
MicroRNAs are approximately 22-nucleotide long RNA molecules that function through decay and translational repression of messenger RNA. The microRNA let-7 is found to play a role in maintaining the fate of differentiated cells in humans. Thus, expression level of this microRNA is a reliable biomarker of tumor cell phenotype. However, there are significant limitations in the current profiling techniques of microRNA. The current methods like northern blotting, microarrays, RT-PCR, or using locked nucleic acid (LNA) for in-situ hybridization are either laborious, semi-quantitative, or expensive. In this research we try to address this issue by developing a fast, specific, and inexpensive …
The Effect Of Acrylic Acid On Ring Formation In Polyacrylonitrile, Elisha Cade Willis
The Effect Of Acrylic Acid On Ring Formation In Polyacrylonitrile, Elisha Cade Willis
Honors Theses
The addition of comonomers into carbon fiber precursor, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), has shown to have effects on the extent of stabilization and thermal behavior.1 Acrylic Acid (AA) was added at varying initial apparent weight percent and added via semibatch reaction to copolymerize with acrylonitrile to form carbon fiber precursor. Accompanying batch reactions were synthesized for comparison. Degradation was found to be greater in the semibatch reactions although overall was comparable to the batch reactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the addition of higher concentrations of AA into the reaction resulted in a less intense exotherm upon cyclization, along with a greater …
A Fractional Boundary Value Problem, Grant Yost
A Fractional Boundary Value Problem, Grant Yost
Honors Theses
We consider a fractional boundary value problem with various boundary conditions. This boundary value problem has two components, one fractional derivative of alpha degree with alpha between n-1 and n, and a fractional derivative of beta degree with beta between 0 and n-2. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions, and show some examples that were found using a MATLAB simulation.
Synthesis Of Acceptors For Use In Donor-Acceptor Copolymers And Characterization Of These Polymers, William D. Walker
Synthesis Of Acceptors For Use In Donor-Acceptor Copolymers And Characterization Of These Polymers, William D. Walker
Honors Theses
In this thesis, a selenium-derivatized acceptor was synthesized to examine the heavy atom effects of selenium on the position of the frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO/LUMO band gap) as opposed to sulfur in a donor-acceptor copolymer for use in light harvesting and detection applications. Over the course of this research, standard operating protocols for ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis-NIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV) characterization techniques were established. Once synthesized, the polymers were characterized through use of the established characterization protocols. The selenium-derivatized polymer exhibited a bathochromic shift compared to the sulfur analogue, with a solid-state absorption …
Detection Of Acoustic Sources Using Time-Reversal Methods, Grant E. Tingstrom
Detection Of Acoustic Sources Using Time-Reversal Methods, Grant E. Tingstrom
Honors Theses
The goal of this research is to characterize the impact of using an equivalent-fluid method for a solid seabed on the use of time reversal procedures for detecting the origin location of an emitted sound. There are two different ways of modeling how sound propagates through water: modeling sound as a ray and modeling sound as a wave. It is easier to model the propagation of sound through water with a ray model; using a ray model allows for the collection of grazing angles with respect to the bottom. These will be important when determining bottom intensity loss of the …