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Articles 1 - 30 of 69
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids And Garnet-Type Li7la3zr2o12, Shen Lai
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids And Garnet-Type Li7la3zr2o12, Shen Lai
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Advancements in electrochemical energy storage materials are critical in the development and utilization of renewable energy technologies. These advancements involve obtaining a better understanding of electrochemical mechanisms and properties through scientific research towards an improved energy storage technology. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), is a sensitive and selective method to probe particle dynamics (magnetic relaxation, diffusometry, etc.) and material structures (spectroscopy) down to the atomic level. In this work, several NMR techniques are employed to study imidazolium-based ionic liquids and garnet-type inorganic materials. These are being studied due to their potential use as safer alternatives to organic solvent-based electrolytes in lithium-ion …
Rationality And Efficient Verifiable Computation, Matteo Campanelli
Rationality And Efficient Verifiable Computation, Matteo Campanelli
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this thesis, we study protocols for delegating computation in a model where one of the parties is rational. In our model, a delegator outsources the computation of a function f on input x to a worker, who receives a (possibly monetary) reward. Our goal is to design very efficient delegation schemes where a worker is economically incentivized to provide the correct result f(x). In this work we strive for not relying on cryptographic assumptions, in particular our results do not require the existence of one-way functions.
We provide several results within the framework of rational proofs introduced by Azar …
Linear Progress With Exponential Decay In Weakly Hyperbolic Groups, Matthew H. Sunderland
Linear Progress With Exponential Decay In Weakly Hyperbolic Groups, Matthew H. Sunderland
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
A random walk wn on a separable, geodesic hyperbolic metric space X converges to the boundary ∂X with probability one when the step distribution supports two independent loxodromics. In particular, the random walk makes positive linear progress. Progress is known to be linear with exponential decay when (1) the step distribution has exponential tail and (2) the action on X is acylindrical. We extend exponential decay to the nonacylindrical case. We give an application to random Heegaard splittings.
Enhancing 3d Visual Odometry With Single-Camera Stereo Omnidirectional Systems, Carlos A. Jaramillo
Enhancing 3d Visual Odometry With Single-Camera Stereo Omnidirectional Systems, Carlos A. Jaramillo
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
We explore low-cost solutions for efficiently improving the 3D pose estimation problem of a single camera moving in an unfamiliar environment. The visual odometry (VO) task -- as it is called when using computer vision to estimate egomotion -- is of particular interest to mobile robots as well as humans with visual impairments. The payload capacity of small robots like micro-aerial vehicles (drones) requires the use of portable perception equipment, which is constrained by size, weight, energy consumption, and processing power. Using a single camera as the passive sensor for the VO task satisfies these requirements, and it motivates the …
Nmr Characterizations Of Candidate Battery Electrolytes, Stephen A. Munoz
Nmr Characterizations Of Candidate Battery Electrolytes, Stephen A. Munoz
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Enormous strides have been made in next-generation power sources to build a more sustainable society. Energy storage has become a limiting factor in our progress, and there are huge environmental and financial incentives to find the next step forward in battery technology. This work discusses NMR methods for characterizing materials for use in battery application, with a special focus on relaxometry and diffusometry. Examples are provided of various recent investigations involving novel candidate electrolyte materials with different collaborators. Works discussed in this thesis include: the characterization of a new disruptive solid polymer electrolyte technology, investigations of the dynamics of super …
Supercharged Models Of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins And Their Utility In Sensing, Peter J. Schnatz
Supercharged Models Of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins And Their Utility In Sensing, Peter J. Schnatz
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this thesis I show that greatly increasing the magnitude of a protein’s net charge using surface supercharging transforms that protein into a ligand-gated or counterion-gated conformational molecular switch. To demonstrate this I first modified the designed helical bundle hemoprotein H4 using simple molecular modeling, creating a highly charged protein which both unfolds reversibly at low ionic strength and undergoes the ligand-induced folding transition commonly observed in signal transduction by intrinsically disordered proteins in biology. Due to the high surface charge density, ligand binding to this protein is allosterically activated by low concentrations of divalent cations and the polyamine spermine. …
Regulation Of Dissolved Arsenic Using Zero-Valent Iron With Gypsum And Sulfate Reducing Bacteria: Laboratory Microcosm And Column Studies, Ying Liu
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Bench scale microcosm incubation was first conducted in two stages to examine the removal of arsenic (As) by zero-valent iron (ZVI) in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria, gypsum as well as organic substrates under anaerobic condition. About 98% of dissolved As was removed from solution within 20 days with concurrent decrease of dissolved sulfate and growth of bacterial population. Mineralogy analysis using SEM-EDS found the formation of iron sulfide and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis indicates that some As is associated with pyrite. The main iron corrosion product was found as ferrihydrite with traces of lepidocrocite. Sequential leaching shows …
Galois Groups Of Differential Equations And Representing Algebraic Sets, Eli Amzallag
Galois Groups Of Differential Equations And Representing Algebraic Sets, Eli Amzallag
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The algebraic framework for capturing properties of solution sets of differential equations was formally introduced by Ritt and Kolchin. As a parallel to the classical Galois groups of polynomial equations, they devised the notion of a differential Galois group for a linear differential equation. Just as solvability of a polynomial equation by radicals is linked to the equation’s Galois group, so too is the ability to express the solution to a linear differential equation in "closed form" linked to the equation’s differential Galois group. It is thus useful even outside of mathematics to be able to compute and represent these …
Flexible And Versatile Soft Templates For Mesoporous Silicas And Organosilicas Based On Pluronic Block Copolymer Surfactants And Their Mixtures, George Farid
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this dissertation, the work will be discussed that was focused on the synthesis of consolidated periodic mesoporous materials such as 2-D hexgonal ordered mesoporous silicas (SBA-15) as well as single-micelle-templated silica and organosilica nanotubes and nanospheres using triblock copolymer surfactants and their mixtures in the presence of a swelling agent. The introductory section, Chapter 1, will address the current state of the tunability of single-micelle-templated silica and organosilica nanotubes and will compare it with the work presented in this dissertation on the use of a dual-surfactant templating systems. Chapter 2 of the dissertation discusses transmission electron microscopy characterization of …
Fundamental Chemistry Related To The Separations And Coordination Of Actinium-225, Thorium-227, And Technetium-99, Jasmine L. Hatcher
Fundamental Chemistry Related To The Separations And Coordination Of Actinium-225, Thorium-227, And Technetium-99, Jasmine L. Hatcher
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This work explores the fundamental chemistry of actinium, thorium, and technetium in an effort to develop methodologies which help to address complications specific to each of these elements. Developing fundamental knowledge in inorganic chemistry has the power to meaningfully address a number of real world problems. By using simple systems and experiments like following an electron or changing the solvent system, we are able to gain invaluable information which can be used to address major issues.
Actinium-225 (t½: 9.92 d) is an alpha-emitting radionuclide with nuclear properties well suited for alpha therapy of malignant tumors. The present global …
Ulva Spp. Bloom Dynamics In A Hyper-Eutrophic Estuary: Jamaica Bay, New York, Annesia Lamb
Ulva Spp. Bloom Dynamics In A Hyper-Eutrophic Estuary: Jamaica Bay, New York, Annesia Lamb
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this dissertation, I present three studies that further our understanding of macroalgae identity, growth, and proliferation. Eutrophication is prevalent in shallow coastal ecosystems world-wide. One of the ecosystem consequences is the development of a bloom forming green marine macroalgae, Ulva spp. Ulva can have negative effects such as Zostera spp. degradation, fish, and shellfish declines. I performed assessments of (1) identity of the bloom-forming Ulva and other macroalgae assemblage, (2) physical, chemical, and biological drivers of Ulva bloom growth and proliferation, and (3) optimal irradiance and temperature requirements for early growth stages in Ulva linza.
The first study …
High Resolution Imaging Of Single Nanoparticles And Two-Dimensional Nano-Material By Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Tong Sun
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Electrochemistry at nanostructured interfaces is of significant current interest. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) and two-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial are particularly important because of their applications in catalysis, energy conversion and storage, sensors, and medicine. Electrocatalytic processes at such nanostructured interfaces are essential for the generation of hydrogen and other types of fuels and photochemical energy conversion. Nanoscale electrochemical experiments require the fabrication and characterization of nanometer-size electrochemical probes. The main advantages of the nanoprobes include very fast mass-transfer rate, high signal-to-noise ratio and extremely fine spatial resolution of electrochemical imaging. During my Ph.D. research, nanoscale disk-type platinum electrochemical probes were developed for …
The Philosophical Foundations Of Plen: A Protocol-Theoretic Logic Of Epistemic Norms, Ralph E. Jenkins
The Philosophical Foundations Of Plen: A Protocol-Theoretic Logic Of Epistemic Norms, Ralph E. Jenkins
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this dissertation, I defend the protocol-theoretic account of epistemic norms. The protocol-theoretic account amounts to three theses: (i) There are norms of epistemic rationality that are procedural; epistemic rationality is at least partially defined by rules that restrict the possible ways in which epistemic actions and processes can be sequenced, combined, or chosen among under varying conditions. (ii) Epistemic rationality is ineliminably defined by procedural norms; procedural restrictions provide an irreducible unifying structure for even apparently non-procedural prescriptions and normative expressions, and they are practically indispensable in our cognitive lives. (iii) These procedural epistemic norms are best analyzed in …
Baryons And Interactions In Magnetic Fields, Amol Deshmukh
Baryons And Interactions In Magnetic Fields, Amol Deshmukh
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The QCD external field problem allows one to probe the rich behavior of strongly interacting systems under external conditions, including the modification of hadron structure and interactions due to external electromagnetic fields. These dynamics, moreover, are likely relevant to describe the physics in the interiors of magnetars and in non-central heavy-ion collisions, for which large magnetic fields upwards of $10^{19}$ Gauss are conceivable. Additionally motivated by lattice QCD calculations in external fields, we study the behavior of single- and two-baryon (specifically, two-nucleon) systems in large magnetic fields. The dependence of single-baryon energies on magnetic fields is explored using chiral dynamics. …
Direct Experimental Evidence Of Toroidal Symmetry In A Lanthanide-Based Molecular Magnet, Qing Zhang
Direct Experimental Evidence Of Toroidal Symmetry In A Lanthanide-Based Molecular Magnet, Qing Zhang
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Molecular magnets (MM) are finite clusters of identical exchange-coupled magnetic systems arranged within a crystalline array such that interactions between neighboring MMs are negligible. Their small size has proven them amenable test beds for the investigation of a wide range of fundamental quantum phenomena such as spin frustration quantum tunneling (QT) of magnetization and Neel vector quantum coherence and Berry phase interference.
Cases where MMs have been found to exhibit quantum wave-functions that evolve coherently are particularly interesting due to their potential for use in quantum information processing. Toroidal magnetic moments, a kind of MM, have fascinating properties that could …
Quantifying The Effects Of Wind Regimes And Temperature On Surface Melt Over The Antarctic Peninsula (1982–2017) Through Modeling, Remote Sensing And In-Situ Data, Rajashree Datta
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Surface melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) plays a crucial role for the stability of ice shelves and dynamics of grounded ice, hence modulating the mass balance in a region of the world which is particularly sensitive to increasing surface temperatures. Understanding the processes that drive melting using surface energy and mass balance models is fundamental to improving estimates of current and future surface melting and associated sea level rise through ice-shelf collapse. This is even more important in view of the specific challenges presented by how circulation patterns over the topographically-complex Antarctic Peninsula, especially foehn winds, impact surface melt. …
The Development Of Novel Platforms For The Imaging Of Cancer By Positron Emission Tomography, Brendon E. Cook
The Development Of Novel Platforms For The Imaging Of Cancer By Positron Emission Tomography, Brendon E. Cook
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The role of antibody-based imaging of cancer by positron emission tomography (PET) has expanded significantly in recent years and is poised to radically alter the way that cancer is diagnosed and treated. However, one hurdle that remains is the potentially harmful radiation dose that comes from these imaging agents, as the long circulation time of antibodies (days to weeks) necessitates the use of radionuclides with comparable physical half-lives (i.e. 89Zr, 124I, etc.). One particularly promising solution is the use of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (Tz) and a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) for pretargeting. …
Private-Key Fully Homomorphic Encryption For Private Classification Of Medical Data, Alexander N. Wood
Private-Key Fully Homomorphic Encryption For Private Classification Of Medical Data, Alexander N. Wood
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
A wealth of medical data is inaccessible to researchers and clinicians due to privacy restrictions such as HIPAA. Clinicians would benefit from access to predictive models for diagnosis, such as classification of tumors as malignant or benign, without compromising patients’ privacy. In addition, the medical institutions and companies who own these medical information systems wish to keep their models private when used by outside parties.
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables practical polynomial computation over encrypted data. This dissertation begins with coverage of speed and security improvements to existing private-key fully homomorphic encryption methods. Next this dissertation presents a protocol for …
Iron Oxide Nanomagnets In Polymer Matrices – Synthesis And Characterization, Shenjie Qiu
Iron Oxide Nanomagnets In Polymer Matrices – Synthesis And Characterization, Shenjie Qiu
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Magneto-responsive polymer-iron oxide materials have been fabricated by coating various polymers on iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The stability of magneto-responsive polymer-iron oxide materials relies on the selection of appropriate coating anchors, such as catechols and silanes. This dissertation describes two robust polymer coating systems on iron oxide NPs. One system focuses on thermo-responsive nitrated catechol-N-isopropylacrylamide polymers with binding enhancement factors (EnF) of ~40 and ~20 towards iron oxide NPs and a boronic acid compared to the polymers without the nitro group. The second system involves coating of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on iron oxide NPs via a silane anchor …
Characterization And Quantification Of Covalent Modification Of Proteins Using Mass Spectrometry, Pratikkumar N. Rathod
Characterization And Quantification Of Covalent Modification Of Proteins Using Mass Spectrometry, Pratikkumar N. Rathod
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Identification and characterization of various post-translational modifications of protein is a key to understanding many unknown cellular processes. In the last few decades, mass spectrometry has evolved as an essential and effective analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins. In this research, we have developed a novel MALDI-MS2 based quantification method for Desmosine and Isodesmosine, which served as cross-linking amino acids of elastin, in order to measure the elastin degradation in the body. This is the first quantification method that not only illustrates the potential of MALDI-Ion Trap MS2, but also improvement over the current …
Personality Recognition For Deception Detection, Guozhen An
Personality Recognition For Deception Detection, Guozhen An
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Personality aims at capturing stable individual characteristics, typically measurable in quantitative terms, that explain and predict observable behavioral differences. Personality has been proved to be very useful in many life outcomes, and there has been huge interests on predicting personality automatically. Previously, there are tremendous amount of approaches successfully predicting personality. However, most previous research on personality detection has used personality scores assigned by annotators based solely on the text or audio clip, and found that predicting self-reported personality is a much more difficult task than predicting observer-report personality. In our study, we will demonstrate how to accurately detect self-reported …
A Network Theoretical Approach To Real-World Problems: Application Of The K-Core Algorithm To Various Systems, Kate Burleson-Lesser
A Network Theoretical Approach To Real-World Problems: Application Of The K-Core Algorithm To Various Systems, Kate Burleson-Lesser
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The study of complex networks is, at its core, an exploration of the mechanisms that control the world in which we live at every scale, from particles no bigger than a grain of sand and amino acids that comprise proteins, to social networks, ecosystems, and even countries. Indeed, we find that, regardless of the physical size of the network's components, we may apply principles of complex network theory, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics to not only better understand these specific networks, but to formulate theories which may be applied to problems on a more general level. This thesis explores several networks …
Domain-Specific Knowledge Exploration With Ontology Hierarchical Re-Ranking And Adaptive Learning And Extension, Grace G. Zhao
Domain-Specific Knowledge Exploration With Ontology Hierarchical Re-Ranking And Adaptive Learning And Extension, Grace G. Zhao
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The goal of this research project is the realization of an artificial intelligence-driven lightweight domain knowledge search framework that returns a domain knowledge structure upon request with highly relevant web resources via a set of domain-centric re-ranking algorithms and adaptive ontology learning models. The re-ranking algorithm, a necessary mechanism to counter-play the heterogeneity and unstructured nature of web data, uses augmented queries and a hierarchical taxonomic structure to get further insight into the initial search results obtained from credited generic search engines. A semantic weight scale is applied to each node in the ontology graph and in turn generates a …
A Stereospecific Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction And A Statistical Study Of The Ligand's Role In Stereoselection, Shibin Zhao
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The development of palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions has profoundly influenced the manner through which we approach the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Among established cross-coupling reactions, which include Kumada, Negishi, and Stille reactions, the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction exhibits particularly wide functional group compatibility, while employing non-toxic, air-stable organoboron nucleophiles. Conventional studies of Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions have focused on C(sp2)-C(sp2) cross-coupling reactions, which result in the formation of planar products. Conceptually, the use of C(sp3) (secondary) nucleophiles would enable the reliable manipulation of organic molecules in three dimensions. However, this process has not been …
List, Sample, And Count, Ali Assarpour
List, Sample, And Count, Ali Assarpour
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Counting plays a fundamental role in many scientific fields including chemistry, physics, mathematics, and computer science. There are two approaches for counting, the first relies on analytical tools to drive closed form expression, while the second takes advantage of the combinatorial nature of the problem to construct an algorithm whose output is the number of structures. There are many algorithmic techniques for counting, they cover the explicit approach of counting by listing to the approximate approach of counting by sampling.
This thesis looks at counting three sets of objects. First, we consider a subclass of boolean functions that are monotone. …
Synthesis And Evaluation Of Densely-Functionalized Troponoids, Danielle R. Hirsch
Synthesis And Evaluation Of Densely-Functionalized Troponoids, Danielle R. Hirsch
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Herein, we document our efforts to expand the scope of troponoid synthetic methodology towards densely-substituted scaffolds. This body of work has focused primarily on an oxidopyrylium cycloaddition/ring-opening strategy for the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of troponoids for assistance in a variety of medicinal chemistry studies. In Chapter 1, we outline the use of this synthetic strategy in the profiling of a library of synthetic αHTs against an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance enzyme known as aminoglycoside-2’’-O-nucleotidyltransferase [ANT(2’’)-Ia]. Enzymatic mechanistic insights have been gleaned from an assessment of troponoid/antibiotic synergistic potential. In particular, two synthetic constructs were identified as promising antibiotic adjuvant candidates, …
Quantum And Classical Transport Of 2d Electrons In The Presence Of Long And Short Range Disorder, Jesse Kanter
Quantum And Classical Transport Of 2d Electrons In The Presence Of Long And Short Range Disorder, Jesse Kanter
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This work focuses on the study of electron transport of 2-D electron gas systems in relation to both fundamental properties of the systems such as disorder and scattering mechanisms, as well as unique magnetoresistance (MR) effects. A large portion of the discussion is built around the use of an in plane magnetic field to vary the ratio between the Zeeman energy between electrons of different spins and the Landau level spacing, creating a tool to control the quantization of the density of states (DOS).
This tool is first used to isolate Quantum Positive Magnetoresistance (QPMR), which grants insight to the …
Using Cogenerative Dialogue To Catalyse Change, Carol A. Woodburn-Mcdonald
Using Cogenerative Dialogue To Catalyse Change, Carol A. Woodburn-Mcdonald
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Cogenerative dialogue is an empowering pedagogical approach to advance research. In my study cogenerative dialogue and coteaching were employed in an algebra 1 class in an urban high school in New York City. Lessons were cotaught with students and were videotaped for further analysis. The findings suggest that cogens constitute an excellent avenue to catalyze change in an urban algebra class.
Charge State Dynamics And Quantum Sensing With Defects In Diamond, Jacob D. Henshaw
Charge State Dynamics And Quantum Sensing With Defects In Diamond, Jacob D. Henshaw
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In recent years, defect centers in wide band gap semiconductors such as diamond, have received significant attention. Defects offer great utility as single photon emitters, nanoscale sensors, and quantum memories and registers for quantum computation. Critical to the utility of these defects, is their charge state.
In this dissertation, experiments surrounding the charge state dynamics and the carrier dynamics are performed and analyzed. Extensive studies of the ionization and recombination processes of defects in diamond, specifically, the Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) center, have been performed. Diffusion of ionized charge carriers has been imaged indirectly through the recapture of said carriers by …
Interdisciplinary Studies Of Complex Network And Machine Learning And Its Applications, Shaojun Luo
Interdisciplinary Studies Of Complex Network And Machine Learning And Its Applications, Shaojun Luo
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this dissertation, we introduce the concept of network-based statistical inference methods of two types: network structure inference and variable inference. For network structure inference, we introduce correlation matrix, graphical Lasso, network clustering and identify the influencer in the network. For variable inference, we also introduce from Bayesian network, to Random Markov Field and Ising Model, Boltzmann and Restricted Boltzmann machine and the algorithm of Belief Propagation. Last but not the least, we introduce the most widely used neural network family and its two main types: Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network.
In Chapter 3 we provide an example …