Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Water Use Efficiency In Chilean And Argentine Humid Temperate Grass-Legume Pastures, H G. Landi, M H. Wade, V Garcia De Cortazar, D E. Dalla Valle

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

At two sites in Argentina and Chile five levels of water input were applied to four sown pastures of varying ages during spring and summer. The pastures consisted principally of C3 grasses and legumes, some of which were sown such as Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, Dactylis glomerata. Dry matter (DM) production was measured and related to the estimated total evapotranspiration (ET): responses were both highly linear. Both responses to ET and absolute yields were higher at the Argentinian than at the Chilean site: respectively 10.7 and 15.2 kg DM/mm water evapotranspired. Nevertheless the calculated indices of sensitivity (Ky) of Doorenbos …

Contribute To A Definition Of Extensive Grazing (Mediterranean), J. Potes, J. P. F. Almeida, C. Matos, A. Teixeira

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The subject of this paper is a definition of Extensive Grazing from Extensive Systems of Animal Production in Mediterranean environments. The edaphoclimatic characterization is essential to understand the low level of primary productivity as a consequence of irregular precipitation over the year and its absence during the long, dry and hot summer. The powerless of soils justify the limited contribution of plants and make clear the necessary recovery of the soil and storage of water naturally (soil) or artificially (irrigation). Considering the IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) definition of extensive grazing it has been used the …

Ohio Pastures For Profit Online, C. Gelley, E. Lyon, D. Bender, S. Boyles, M. Estadt, C. Finney, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, B. Hendershot, A. Holden, C. Jagger, D. Lima, C. Little, J. Morris, C. D. Penrose, R. Purdin, G. Ruff, M. Sulc, C. Turner, G. Wilson, B. Campbell, M. Joyce, T. G. Wiseman

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The Pastures for Profit program is an established course created through a collaboration between Ohio State University Extension, Central State University, USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Ohio Federation of Soil and Water Conservation Districts, Ohio Department of Agriculture, and the Ohio Forage and Grasslands Council. In 2021, due to COVID-19, the Pastures for Profit curriculum was adapted to a virtual classroom setting and was offered again in 2022. The virtual experience consisted of three live webinars pairing with corresponding modules in Scarlet Canvas. Enrolled students were also mailed traditional course materials for personal use. Module content was newly developed and compiled …

Annual Clovers Around The World: Current Status And Future Prospects, P. G. H. Nichols, G. R. Smith, D. J. Moot, Serkan Ates, Claudio Porqueddu, Esteban F. Rios, Mounir Louhaichi, Alejandro Del Pozo, N. Kotze, Alan W. Humphries, K. Ghamkhar, M. H. Ryan

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

This paper reviews the distribution and importance of annual clover (Trifolium) species for pasture and fodder production systems globally. Of the 158 recorded annual Trifolium species, 65.2% are endemic to the Mediterranean basin and surrounding areas, 14.6% to sub-Saharan Africa, 17.7% to the United States of America and 2.5% to Chile. Fourteen species have been commercialised, while other endemic and naturalised annual clovers are also utilised. Key species for self-regenerating pastures include T. subterraneum, T. michelianum and T. respinatum var. resupinatum, while major dual-purpose grazing and fodder species include T. incarnatum, T. vesiculosum, T. alexandrinum and T. …

Impact Of Brown Midrib Trait On The Decomposition Rate Of Sorghum-Sudangrass Residue In Pastures, C. D. Teutsch, B. P. Dooley, J. A. Bush, B. L. Hendrix

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor x bicolor var. sudanense) can provide high quality summer grazing. Some varieties possess the brown midrib (BMR) trait which results in reduced lignin resulting in higher digestibility and animal performance. If microbes in the rumen can digest BMR sorghum-sudangrass more completely, then soil macro/micro flora and fauna may do so as well. This could result in nutrients being returned to the soil faster from plants containing the BMR trait. The objective of this study was to determine the decomposition rate of BMR and non-BMR sorghumsudangrass. The experimental design was a random complete with four …

Forage And Livestock Productivity On Pastures Of Differing Plant Diversity, B. F. Tracy

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Plant diversity and its function in grassland ecosystems has been the focus of many recent studies, and debate, in the ecological literature (Wardle 1999, Loreau and Hector 2001). We know less about the role of plant diversity in pastures used solely for agricultural production (Sanderson et al. 2004). The objective of this study was to learn how pastures planted with increasing levels of plant diversity would affect forage yields and beef cattle performance.

Balancing Water Use Efficiency And Milk Production In The Sub-Tropics, Mark N. Callow, S. K. Kenman

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Queensland dairy farmers have had to confront in the last 5 years deregulation of the milk pricing system, resulting in a 25% reduction in farm gate price for milk in the year 2000, and drought. Many storage dams are significantly below capacity and regulatory authorities have imposed restrictions on irrigation water allocations. Major changes in farm business strategies were needed to overcome the shortfall in milk income. Production systems had to change to deliver more milk more efficiently and become more profitable. A farmlet study was developed in the sub-tropical dairy region of Queensland to evaluate 5 very different farm …

Sustainable Pastures For The High Altitude Andean Tropics Of Colombia, E. Cárdenas, L. Panizzo

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Dairy production systems in the high altitude Andean region of Colombia (>2.600 m.a.s.l.) use large amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilisation. Due to the inefficient use of N by the grass, it contaminates surface and ground water resulting in the eutrophication of lakes and rivers. It contributes to increased atmospheric NOx, greenhouse gas and acid rain. Therefore, the effect of different species of grasses mixed with Lotus corniculatuson N soil balance was evaluated.

Portuguese Society Of Pastures And Forages, J. Potes, E. V. Lourenço, T. Carita

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The Portuguese Society of Pastures and Forages (SPPF) was born from a course on pastures and forages held in the National Plant Breeding Station of Elvas (where the headquarters of SPPF are located) in 1979. It was organised by the head of the Pastures and Forages Department, David Gomes Crespo, who was the first and founder member. According to Abreu et al. (1999), the structure established was that of a Scientific Society and was considered by the Government as a Service of Public Interest. It gathered inspiration from the British Grassland Society, the Association Francaise pour la Production Fourragére, …

Dormant-Season Carbon Fluxes In Humid-Temperate Pastures, Howard Skinner

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Human induced increases in atmospheric CO₂ through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are considered to be a primary cause of rising global temperatures. However, carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems has reduced the rate of CO₂ accumulation in the atmosphere. Because of their vast size, grazing lands have the potential to sequester significant quantities of carbon, slowing the increase in atmospheric CO₂ and reducing the risk of global warming. Although C uptake during the growing season can be substantial, losses following defoliation and drought, and during the winter months can significantly reduce annual sequestration, frequently turning …

A Sward Based Method To Estimate Herbage Selection Of Grazing Dairy Cows, F. Taube, M. Wachendorf, J. Baade

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Diet selection of grazing animals is influenced by sward composition and vertical sward structure. Grazing studies were established in northern Germany (Kiel, Schleswig - Holstein state) to determine if selective grazing behaviour in a mixed sward can be measured by a sward based method. The hypothesis that active selection of different functional groups of forages can be documented by using the selection index (Figure 1, Hodgson, 1990) and regressive approaches vs time was tested.

Evaluation Of Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activities Of Plantains And Pastures By Electron Spin Resonance (Esr), Y. Tamura, T. Masumizu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Producing animals without using feed-grade antibiotic growth promoters and chemical medicines is essential. In response, many scientists are now studying medicinal plants and herbs to identify and quantify those plants that may have a beneficial effect on animal production. Plantains have been used in herbal medicines and are being evaluated as a potential pasture species because of their medicinal values in animal health. In this study, antioxidant activities of plantains were compared to those of common pasture species to clarify the effects of plantains on animal health and production.

Characterisation Of Herbage From Temperate Organic Pastures, E. Kuusela

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Grazing is an essential part of organic dairy farming systems. Although the nutritive value of herbage and herbage availability determine the intake and nutrient supply for grazing cows, the composition of typical herbage from organic pastures has been unclear.

Intake And Milk Production Of Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Diverse Forage Mixtures Over Two Grazing Seasons, K. Soder, M. A. Sanderson, J. L. Stack, L. Muller

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Voluntary intake and stocking rate are key determinants of animal performance on pasture. Greater plant diversity in grassland plant communities has been linked to increased primary production, greater stability in response to disturbance, and reduced weed pressure. Thus, increasing plant diversity may be one approach to improving animal productivity. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of forage diversity on intake and milk production of lactating dairy cows over two grazing seasons.

Diverse Forage Mixtures Effect On Herbage Yield, Sward Composition, And Dairy Cattle Performance, M. A. Sanderson, K. Soder, N. Brzezinski, S. Goslee, H. Skinner, M. Wachendorf, F. Taube, L. Muller

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Managing complex mixtures of plants to take advantage of spatial and temporal variability in land and climate may be one ecological approach to increase productivity of pastures. We tested the hypothesis that complex mixtures of forage species would yield more herbage and reduce weed competition compared with a simple grass-legume mixture in grazed pastures.

Carbon Accumulation In Soils Under Brachiaria Pastures In The Atlantic Forest Region Of The South Of Bahia, Brazil, R. M. Tarré, R. Macedo, R. B. Cantarutti, C. De P. Rezende, J. M. Pereira, E. Ferreira, B. J. R. Alves, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Boddey

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this study was to investigate the change in carbon stocks in soil following deforestation of the Atlantic forest in the South of Bahia State (Brazil) and replacement with productive pastures of Brachiaria humidicola either in monoculture or with the introduction of the forage legume Desmodium ovalifolium. Carbon stocks in the 0-30 cm layer were 44.5 Mg ha^-1 under the original forest and found to be approximately 42 Mg ha^-1 C 10 years later. At this time pastures of B. humidicola with or without the presence of D. ovalifolium were formed and grazed continuously for …

Animal Production From Tree-Pasture Association Systems In Brazil, João C. Saibro

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Agroforestry systems (AFS) in general and silvipastoral systems (SPS) in particular, have been studied intensively in Brazil since the 1980’s. The majority of the research work has been conducted in the wet tropical Amazon region, in the semi-arid conditions of the Northeast, and under subtropical soil and climatic conditions in the Southeast or in the South. Research emphasis has been placed on interactions between the main components of AFS: tree, pasture, soil and microclimatic elements. Evaluation of animal performance in SPS generally has not been the main objective of experiments. A recent survey of research on SPS using Eucalyptus spp …

Breeding Cows Body Condition And Dry Matter Availability In Natural Pastures Under Rotational System, Dinah Pereira Rodrigues, Giuliano Teixeira Da Silva, Paulo Elias Borges Rodrigues, Alex Fabiano Fernandes Gomes, Gustavo Kruguer Gonçalves, Leonardo De Melo Menezes

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The livestock production in Rio Grande do Sul is based on natural pastures, which suffer great productive seasonality throughout the year, especially due to the quantitative and qualitative deficit that it goes through in the winter months. The existing dynamic between the animal and the forage is fundamental for a better reproductive performance of the brood cows, and consequently an increase of the productivity of beef cattle. The calf herd generation is, certainly, the fundamental element of the full cycle livestock. Knowing the potentiality and understanding the dynamism of the natural fields is a fundamental condition for the choice of …

Soil Carbon Stocks Are Stable Under New Zealand Hill Country Pastures With Contrasting Phosphorus And Sheep Stocking Regimes, Ronaldo Vibart, Alec D. Mackay, C. Mckenzie, Brian Devantier, Des A. Costall, E. Noakes, F. Bilotto

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

A temporal and spatial assessment is required to quantify the effects of nutrient inputs and varying grazing management regimes on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under grazed pastures in complex landscapes. We examined SOC stocks under permanent pastures in three farmlets under a range of different annual phosphorus (P) fertiliser and associated sheep stocking regimes. The farmlets examined had either no annual P applied (NF), 125 kg single superphosphate (SSP) ha^-1 (LF), or 375 kg SSP ha^-1 (HF) on an annual basis since 1980. Soils were sampled to three depths (0-75, 75-150, 150-300 mm) in 2003 and 2020, …

Assessing The Effect Of N And P Supply On Dry Matter Yield Of Three Tropical Grasses, O. Topall, C. Jouany, M. Duru, P. Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objectives are to study the effects of N and P supply and their interaction, on herbage dry matter yield and nutrient status of three tropical grasses. In order to estimate direct and indirect effects of P supply we express above-ground dry matter production as a function of the herbage nutrient status obtained from plant analysis. Results show that in absence of N, the significant increase in P nutrition status has only moderate consequences on herbage production and suggest that both N and P are limitant for herbage growth. P fertilization results in significant increase in dry matter yield only …

Antioxidant Activity, Vitamin Profiles And Polyphenol Contents Of Pasture Grasses And Legumes, Herbs And Wild Plants For Improved Animal Products, Y. Tamura, H. Sano, T. Masumizu, K. Yamaki, M. Al‐Mamun

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Lamb Fattening On Mediterranean‐Like Pastures In Chile Versus Olive Oil Cake‐Based Rations, C. Aguilar, R. Vera, R. Lira, J. Quenaya, Fernando Squella, H. Yutronic, P. Toro, P. Perez, I. Briones

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Prime Lamb Production On Acid Soils In High Rainfall Region In Southern Australia, Gong Chen, G. D. Li

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

How Does Sward Height And Quality Affect The Choice Of Feeding Sites And Intake In Horses?, N. Edouard, G. Fleurance, P. Duncan, Bertrand Dumont, R. Baumont

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Liming And Nitrogen Application On The Cu, Mn, And Zn Concentrations In Herbage From Extensively Managed Pastures, Harald Laser

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Australian Pastures Genebank, Steve Hughes

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Australian grazing enterprises, including all food and fibre productions, as well as crop rotation, are worth $42 billion per annum to the Australian economy, employing around 693,000 Australian workers. Australia has been a major beneficiary from the introduction and utilization of genetic resources in pasture and forages. Assured access to plant genetic diversity underpins Australia’s ability to maintain agricultural productivity in the face of environmental and economic challenges.

Australia is custodian of potentially the world’s largest and globally significant collection of pasture and forage genetic resources. Much of this is unique and held in state-based collections and represents an invaluable …

Amritmahal: Need For Conserving The Living Pastoral Heritage Of Karnataka, Jahnavi G. Pai, Manohar Patel, Vinay K. Sreeniva

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Karnataka is home to the biodiversity-rich Western Ghats with its range of habitats spanning from scrub forest in the lower elevations to the wet evergreen forests in the higher elevations. In stark visual contrast, the Deccan Plateau is blanketed by arid plains dominated by scrub jungles and dry grasslands. These plains are a melting pot of rich biodiversity, culture and associated traditional knowledge. They have also been important centres for breeding livestock and have supported local livelihoods. In spite of this cultural and ecological importance, these arid plains, especially grasslands with sparse woody vegetation, are increasingly being termed as wastelands. …

Mountain Pasture Management By Goat Farmers: Case Of Kabylia Region, Mouhous, Kadi, Djellal, Berchiche

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In mountainous areas of Algeria, like the countries of North Africa and the Sahel, small ruminants contribute substantially to the food and economic security of mountain households (Bengoumi and Ameziane El Hassani, 2013). Changes in the farming environment affected the small ruminant production systems. These changes induced adaptations related to conducting of breeding and production orientation (Dubeuf and Boyazoglu, 2009). In Tizi Ouzou in Kabylia region, dairy goat farming operates in an environment appropriate because of its relief and vegetation (presence of vegetation, forests,). The extensive farming system is the one used in the study area. The herds are of …

Effect Of Sample Handling And Storage On Ergovaline Concentration In Fresh Tall Fescue Samples, Krista L. Cotten, Lori Smith, Cynthia L. Gaskill, Robert Coleman, S. Ray Smith

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Ergovaline is an ergot alkaloid produced by an endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams), found in tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinacea=Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and causes a range of disorders across livestock species. The concentration of ergovaline within a plant can vary by variety, management, time of year, location and weather conditions (Smith et al. 2009). Due to the significant economic impact of fescue toxicity in livestock, many samples are tested every year in research and diagnostic laboratories. Ergovaline is known to be unstable and affected by many variables; therefore sample handling is critical to obtaining accurate and consistent …

Local Consequence Of Global Process: Challenges Of Maintaining Pastoral Production In High Mountain Pastures Of Nepal, Lila Nath Sharma

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Grassland pastures are important livelihood resources for local people in agro-pastoral production in high mountainous areas of Nepal. The character of these pastures, as part of cultural landscape, result from historical interaction of human activities and local ecological processes. Fire and grazing are two important landscape drivers that have a direct impact on the structure, diversity and composition of pastures. Recently, grasslands in many semi-arid regions of world are undergoing rapid transformation as consequence of changes in fire and grazing regimes. One conspicuous change is an abrupt proliferation of native shrub species. Migration of herders away from marginal mountain areas …