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Articles 1 - 30 of 104
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Impacts Of Synoptic-Scale Dynamics On Cloud Properties And Radiation In High Southern Latitudes, Tyler R. Barone
Impacts Of Synoptic-Scale Dynamics On Cloud Properties And Radiation In High Southern Latitudes, Tyler R. Barone
Master's Theses
Predicting future climate change relies on accurate representations of the earth’s surface radiation budget. Complex interactions between large-scale dynamical conditions (e.g., low-pressure systems) and microscale processes (e.g., cloud properties) are key contributors to energy budget biases within global climate models. Proper estimation of cloud microscale processes and their responses to synoptic-scale dynamics will greatly improve the accuracy of the simulated energy balance within global climate models. High-latitudinal clouds have significant influences on the Earth’s radiative balance. We examined observations from two field campaigns at Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean and McMurdo Station in Antarctica. Two global climate models are …
Cloud Phase Distribution At A Global-Scale And The Governing Factors Using Satellite And In-Situ Airborne Observations, Dao Wang
Master's Theses
Cloud thermodynamic phase distributions play a crucial role in accurately representing cloud radiative effects and feedback in a changing climate. The partitioning of cloud thermodynamic phases (ice, liquid, and mixed phase) significantly influences Earth's surface temperature and its ability to mitigate the impact of global warming. Satellite-based cloud phase data are frequently used for the evaluation of global climate models, yet validation of them against in-situ observations is still lacking. This study examines global cloud phase distributions and their determinant factors by validating three satellite-based cloud phase products against an extensive in-situ airborne dataset. CALIPSO exhibits the most similar ice …
Cirrus Microphysical Properties And The Controlling Factors Using A Machine Learning Approach, Derek D. Ngo
Cirrus Microphysical Properties And The Controlling Factors Using A Machine Learning Approach, Derek D. Ngo
Master's Theses
Cirrus clouds are located at high altitudes and are composed of ice crystals. The unique location of cirrus clouds and their large variability in-cloud microphysical properties allow them to have either warming or cooling effects on Earth’s surface and affect the Earth’s energy budget on a global scale. The examination of cirrus radiative effects is further complicated by multiple factors affecting their formation and evolution, including the effects of thermodynamic, dynamic, aerosol, and chemical tracer variables. In this work, we developed a composite aircraft-based in-situ observation dataset based on seven National Science Foundation (NSF) and five NASA flight campaigns that …
Daily Synoptic-Scale Influences On Weather-Dependent Renewable Energy Supply And Demand In Hypothetical Fully Electrified North American Interconnections, Howard Tang
Master's Theses
Energy grids around the world are becoming increasingly penetrated by renewable energy sources, resulting in progressively variable energy generation. This study aims to provide a fundamental basis for observing atmospheric conditions in relation to weather-dependent renewable energy supply, where daily synoptic-scale influences are considered in hypothetical fully electrified North American interconnections. Three renewable energy types – 100% wind energy, 100% solar energy, and a 50-50 split of wind and solar energy – are scaled to meet weather-driven energy demand on average in three interconnections, namely the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, and a hypothetical combined interconnection composed of the Western, …
Multifidelity Prediction In Wildfire Spread Simulation: Modeling, Uncertainty Quantification And Sensitivity Analysis, Mario Miguel Valero, Lluís Jofre, Ricardo Torres
Multifidelity Prediction In Wildfire Spread Simulation: Modeling, Uncertainty Quantification And Sensitivity Analysis, Mario Miguel Valero, Lluís Jofre, Ricardo Torres
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Wildfire behavior predictions typically suffer from significant uncertainty. However, wildfire modeling uncertainties remain largely unquantified in the literature, mainly due to computing constraints. New multifidelity techniques provide a promising opportunity to overcome these limitations. Therefore, this paper explores the applicability of multifidelity approaches to wildland fire spread prediction problems. Using a canonical simulation scenario, we assessed the performance of control variates Monte-Carlo (MC) and multilevel MC strategies, achieving speedups of up to 100x in comparison to a standard MC method. This improvement was leveraged to quantify aleatoric uncertainties and analyze the sensitivity of the fire rate of spread (RoS) to …
The Role Of Climate Change Education On Individual Lifetime Carbon Emissions, Eugene Cordero, Diana Centeno Delgado, Anne Marie Todd
The Role Of Climate Change Education On Individual Lifetime Carbon Emissions, Eugene Cordero, Diana Centeno Delgado, Anne Marie Todd
Faculty Publications
Strategies to mitigate climate change often center on clean technologies, such as electric vehicles and solar panels, while the mitigation potential of a quality educational experience is rarely discussed. In this paper, we investigate the long-term impact that an intensive one year university course had on individual carbon emissions by surveying students at least five years after having taken the course. A majority of course graduates reported pro-environmental decisions (i.e., type of car to buy, food choices) that they attributed at least in part to experiences gained in the course. Furthermore, our carbon footprint analysis suggests that for the average …
A Case Study Of Stratospheric Ozone Transport To The Northern San Francisco Bay Area And Sacramento Valley During Cabots 2016, Jodie Clark, Sen Chiao
A Case Study Of Stratospheric Ozone Transport To The Northern San Francisco Bay Area And Sacramento Valley During Cabots 2016, Jodie Clark, Sen Chiao
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
The California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS) was a major air quality study that collected ozone measurements aloft between mid-May and mid-August of 2016. Aircraft measurements, ground-based lidar measurements, and balloon-borne ozonesondes collected precise upper-air ozone measurements across the central and Southern California valley. Utilizing daily ozonesonde data from Bodega Bay, California, and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), reanalysis data for 25 July to 14 August 2016, three stratospheric intrusion events are identified over Northern California influencing air masses above Bodega Bay and Sacramento simultaneously. Calculated percent daily changes in afternoon ozonesonde observations indicate increasing …
The Intensification Of Hurricane Maria 2017 In The Antilles, Mark Jury, Sen Chiao, Raphael Cécé
The Intensification Of Hurricane Maria 2017 In The Antilles, Mark Jury, Sen Chiao, Raphael Cécé
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Environmental influences on Hurricane Maria in the Antilles Islands are analyzed at the large-scale (1–25 September) and at the meso-scale (17–20 September 2017). The storm intensified rapidly prior to landfall in Dominica, going from category 1 to 5 in 15 h. As the storm progressed toward Puerto Rico (PR), its NE flank entrained air from seas cooled by the earlier passage of two hurricanes, and strengthened on its SW flank. Operational model forecasts tended to delay intensification until west of the Antilles Islands, thus motivating two independent weather research and forecasting (WRF) simulations. These gave minimal track errors at 1- …
Developing Spatially Accurate Rainfall Predictions For The San Francisco Bay Area Through Case Studies Of Atmospheric River And Other Synoptic Events, Alison Bridger, Dung Nguyen, Sen Chiao
Developing Spatially Accurate Rainfall Predictions For The San Francisco Bay Area Through Case Studies Of Atmospheric River And Other Synoptic Events, Alison Bridger, Dung Nguyen, Sen Chiao
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Rainfall patterns in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) are highly influenced by local topography. It has been a forecasting challenge for the main US forecast models. This study investigates the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve upon forecasts, with particular emphasis on the rain shadow common to the southern end of the SFBA. Three rain events were evaluated: a mid-season atmospheric river (AR) event with copious rains; a typical non-AR frontal passage rain event; and an area-wide rain event in which zero rain was recorded in the southern SFBA. The results show that, with …
Comparison Of Simulations Of Updraft Mass Fluxes And Their Response To Increasing Aerosol Concentration Between A Bin Scheme And A Bulk Scheme In A Deep-Convective Cloud System, Seoung Soo Lee, Chang-Hoon Jung, Sen Chiao, Junshik Um, Yong-Sang Choi, Won Jun Choi
Comparison Of Simulations Of Updraft Mass Fluxes And Their Response To Increasing Aerosol Concentration Between A Bin Scheme And A Bulk Scheme In A Deep-Convective Cloud System, Seoung Soo Lee, Chang-Hoon Jung, Sen Chiao, Junshik Um, Yong-Sang Choi, Won Jun Choi
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Key microphysical processes whose parameterizations have substantial impacts on the simulation of updraft mass fluxes and their response to aerosol are investigated in this study. For this investigation, comparisons of these parameterizations are made between a bin scheme and a bulk scheme. These comparisons show that the differences in the prediction of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) between the two schemes determine whether aerosol-induced invigoration of updrafts or convection occurs. While the CDNC prediction leads to aerosol-induced invigoration of updrafts and an associated 20% increase in the peak value of the updraft-mass-flux vertical profile in the bin scheme, it leads …
Asian Long-Range Transport In Relation To Atmospheric Rivers In Northern California, Catherine Liu, Sen Chiao, Ju-Mee Ryoo
Asian Long-Range Transport In Relation To Atmospheric Rivers In Northern California, Catherine Liu, Sen Chiao, Ju-Mee Ryoo
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
The study investigates the effect of aerosol long-range transport on precipitation over Northern California during atmospheric river (AR) events in the 2017 cold season (January–April). ARs in 2017 were one of the strongest to date, and the intense precipitation associated with the ARs resulted in flooding, destruction of property, and contamination of water supplies. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data shows Asian dust traveling across the Northern Pacific Ocean along with AR events. Aerosol measurements in California, provided by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), show that more Asian dust tends to …
Cloud Phase And Relative Humidity Distributions Over The Southern Ocean In Austral Summer Based On In Situ Observations And Cam5 Simulations, John D’Alessandro, Minghui Diao, Chenglai Wu, Xiaohong Liu, Jorgen Jensen, Britton Stephens
Cloud Phase And Relative Humidity Distributions Over The Southern Ocean In Austral Summer Based On In Situ Observations And Cam5 Simulations, John D’Alessandro, Minghui Diao, Chenglai Wu, Xiaohong Liu, Jorgen Jensen, Britton Stephens
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Cloud phase and relative humidity (RH) distributions at -67°–0°C over the Southern Ocean during austral summer are compared between in situ airborne observations and global climate simulations. A scale-aware comparison is conducted using horizontally averaged observations from 0.1–50 km. Cloud phase frequencies, RH distributions and liquid mass fraction are found less affected by horizontal resolutions than liquid and ice water content (LWC, IWC), liquid and ice number concentrations (Ncliq, Ncice), and ice supersaturation (ISS) frequency. At -10°–0°C, observations show 27%–34% and 17%–37% of liquid and mixed phases, while simulations show 60%–70% and 3%–4%, respectively. Simulations overestimate (underestimate) LWC and Ncliq …
Numerical Investigations Of Atmospheric Rivers And The Rain Shadow Over The Santa Clara Valley, Dalton Behringer, Sen Chiao
Numerical Investigations Of Atmospheric Rivers And The Rain Shadow Over The Santa Clara Valley, Dalton Behringer, Sen Chiao
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
This study investigated precipitation distribution patterns in association with atmospheric rivers (ARs). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was employed to simulate two strong atmospheric river events. The precipitation forecasts were highly sensitive to cloud microphysics parameterization schemes. Thus, radar observed and simulated ZH and ZDR were evaluated to provide information about the drop-size distribution (DSD). Four microphysics schemes (WSM-5, WSM-6, Thompson, and WDM-6) with nested simulations (3 km, 1 km, and 1/3 km) were conducted. One of the events mostly contained bright-band (BB) rainfall and lasted less than 24 h, while the other contained both BB and non-bright-band …
The Fire And Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment—A Plan For Integrated, Large Fire–Atmosphere Field Campaigns, Susan Prichard, N. Sim Larkin, Roger Ottmar, Nancy H.F. French, Kirk Baker, Tim Brown, Craig B. Clements, Matt Dickinson, Andrew Hudak, Adam Kochanski, Rod Linn, Yongqiang Liu, Brian Potter, William Mell, Danielle Tanzer, Shawn Urbanski, Adam Watts
The Fire And Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment—A Plan For Integrated, Large Fire–Atmosphere Field Campaigns, Susan Prichard, N. Sim Larkin, Roger Ottmar, Nancy H.F. French, Kirk Baker, Tim Brown, Craig B. Clements, Matt Dickinson, Andrew Hudak, Adam Kochanski, Rod Linn, Yongqiang Liu, Brian Potter, William Mell, Danielle Tanzer, Shawn Urbanski, Adam Watts
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) is designed to collect integrated observations from large wildland fires and provide evaluation datasets for new models and operational systems. Wildland fire, smoke dispersion, and atmospheric chemistry models have become more sophisticated, and next-generation operational models will require evaluation datasets that are coordinated and comprehensive for their evaluation and advancement. Integrated measurements are required, including ground-based observations of fuels and fire behavior, estimates of fire-emitted heat and emissions fluxes, and observations of near-source micrometeorology, plume properties, smoke dispersion, and atmospheric chemistry. To address these requirements the FASMEE campaign design includes a study …
Air Quality And Health Burden Of 2017 Northern California Wildfires, Susan O’Neill, Minghui Diao
Air Quality And Health Burden Of 2017 Northern California Wildfires, Susan O’Neill, Minghui Diao
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
No abstract provided.
Applications Of Satellite Data In Analyses Of Surface Pm2.5, Minghui Diao, Frank R. Freedman, Sen Chiao, Isa Cruz, Ana Rivera, Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan, Akula Venkatram
Applications Of Satellite Data In Analyses Of Surface Pm2.5, Minghui Diao, Frank R. Freedman, Sen Chiao, Isa Cruz, Ana Rivera, Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan, Akula Venkatram
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Fine particulate is among the most harmful air pollutants for human health. There is ongoing interest in developing reliable methods to estimate PM2.5 concentrations 1) at unmonitored locations and 2) at finer horizontal resolution for improved health risk assessment and public health tracking.We aim to develop an efficient system that can reliably estimate PM2.5 at unmonitored locations and at finer horizontal resolution at important locations.• MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) provides an input for particulate levels at unmonitored locations in methods used to construct regional PM2.5 fields.• Dispersion model fields can be fused into portions of these regional fields for …
Calibration Of The Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (Vcsel) Water Vapor Hydrometer, Minghui Diao
Calibration Of The Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (Vcsel) Water Vapor Hydrometer, Minghui Diao
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
No abstract provided.
Using Satellite-Derived Pm2.5 Dataset To Assist Air Pollution Management In California, Minghui Diao, Frank Freedman, Sen Chiao, Ana Rivera
Using Satellite-Derived Pm2.5 Dataset To Assist Air Pollution Management In California, Minghui Diao, Frank Freedman, Sen Chiao, Ana Rivera
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
No abstract provided.
The O2/N2 Ratio And Co2 Airborne Southern Ocean Study, Britton Stephens, Matthew Long, Ralph Keeling, Eric Kort, Colm Sweeney, Eric Apel, Elliot Atlas, Stuart Beaton, Jonathan Bent, Nicola Blake, James Bresch, Joanna Casey, Bruce Daube, Minghui Diao, Ernesto Diaz, Heidi Dierssen, Valeria Donets, Bo-Cai Gao, Michelle Gierach, Robert Green, Justin Haag, Matthew Hayman, Alan Hills, Martín Hoecker-Martínez, Shawn Honomichl, Rebecca Hornbrook, Jorgen Jensen, Rong-Rong Li, Ian Mccubbin, Kathryn Mckain, Eric Morgan, Scott Nolte, Jordan Powers, Bryan Rainwater, Kaylan Randolph, Mike Reeves, Sue Schauffler, Katherine Smith, Mackenzie Smith, Jeff Stith, Gregory Stossmeister, Darin Toohey, Andrew Watt
The O2/N2 Ratio And Co2 Airborne Southern Ocean Study, Britton Stephens, Matthew Long, Ralph Keeling, Eric Kort, Colm Sweeney, Eric Apel, Elliot Atlas, Stuart Beaton, Jonathan Bent, Nicola Blake, James Bresch, Joanna Casey, Bruce Daube, Minghui Diao, Ernesto Diaz, Heidi Dierssen, Valeria Donets, Bo-Cai Gao, Michelle Gierach, Robert Green, Justin Haag, Matthew Hayman, Alan Hills, Martín Hoecker-Martínez, Shawn Honomichl, Rebecca Hornbrook, Jorgen Jensen, Rong-Rong Li, Ian Mccubbin, Kathryn Mckain, Eric Morgan, Scott Nolte, Jordan Powers, Bryan Rainwater, Kaylan Randolph, Mike Reeves, Sue Schauffler, Katherine Smith, Mackenzie Smith, Jeff Stith, Gregory Stossmeister, Darin Toohey, Andrew Watt
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by mediating atmosphere–ocean partitioning of heat and carbon dioxide. However, Earth system models are demonstrably deficient in the Southern Ocean, leading to large uncertainties in future air–sea CO2 flux projections under climate warming and incomplete interpretations of natural variability on interannual to geologic time scales. Here, we describe a recent aircraft observational campaign, the O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean (ORCAS) study, which collected measurements over the Southern Ocean during January and February 2016. The primary research objective of the ORCAS campaign was to improve observational constraints …
Hurricane Fred (2015): Cape Verde's First Hurricane In Modern Times: Observations, Impacts, And Lessons Learned, Gregory Jenkins, Ester Brito, Emanuel Soares, Sen Chiao, Jose Lima, Benvendo Tavares, Angelo Cardoso, Francisco Evora, Maria Monteiro
Hurricane Fred (2015): Cape Verde's First Hurricane In Modern Times: Observations, Impacts, And Lessons Learned, Gregory Jenkins, Ester Brito, Emanuel Soares, Sen Chiao, Jose Lima, Benvendo Tavares, Angelo Cardoso, Francisco Evora, Maria Monteiro
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
During 31 August 2015, Hurricane Fred traversed through the Cape Verde islands, passing near Boa Vista and possibly making landfall over São Nicolau during the evening hours. Hurricane Fred was a category 1 storm with maximum winds of 75 kt and a sea level pressure of 986 hPa during 31 August. The African easterly wave associated with Tropical Cyclone (TC) Fred emerged from Guinea on 29 August and was named Tropical Storm Fred on 30 August. Prior to impacting Cape Verde, the storm caused the sinking of a ship and the loss of seven lives off the coast of Guinea-Bissau …
Global Climate Change I-Ii, Kendall Barrett Sooter, Dione Rossiter, Costanza Rampini
Global Climate Change I-Ii, Kendall Barrett Sooter, Dione Rossiter, Costanza Rampini
Faculty Publications, Environmental Studies
Many different scientific observations and measurements indicate that Earth is experiencing global-scale changes in climate, i.e., in the long-term distributions of temperature, cloud cover, precipitation, and extreme weather events. Scientific consensus considers most these changes to be caused or accelerated by human activities. The economic, ecological, social, and cultural challenges caused by global climate change will affect everyone on the planet, and are very likely to have disproportionate impacts on developing nations. In this course, we will study global climate change from an interdisciplinary perspective, incorporating natural and social science approaches to understanding processes and effects. We will study the …
Ice Nucleation Parameterization And Relative Humidity Distribution In Idealized Squall-Line Simulations, Minghui Diao, George Bryan, Hugh Morrison, Jorgen Jensen
Ice Nucleation Parameterization And Relative Humidity Distribution In Idealized Squall-Line Simulations, Minghui Diao, George Bryan, Hugh Morrison, Jorgen Jensen
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Output from idealized simulations of a squall line are compared with in situ aircraft-based observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry campaign. Relative humidity distributions around convection are compared between 1-Hz aircraft observations (≈250-m horizontal scale) and simulations using a double-moment bulk microphysics scheme at three horizontal grid spacings: Δx = 0.25, 1, and 4 km. The comparisons focus on the horizontal extent of ice supersaturated regions (ISSRs), the maximum and average relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) in ISSRs, and the ice microphysical properties during cirrus cloud evolution, with simulations at 0.25 and 1 km providing better …
A Lab-On-Chip Phosphate Analyzer For Long-Term In Situ Monitoring At Fixed Observatories: Optimization And Performance Evaluation In Estuarine And Oligotrophic Coastal Waters, Maxime Grand, Geraldine Clinton-Bailey, Alexander Beaton, Allison Schaap, Thomas Johengen, Mario Tamburri, Douglas Connelly, Matthew Mowlem, Eric Achterberg
A Lab-On-Chip Phosphate Analyzer For Long-Term In Situ Monitoring At Fixed Observatories: Optimization And Performance Evaluation In Estuarine And Oligotrophic Coastal Waters, Maxime Grand, Geraldine Clinton-Bailey, Alexander Beaton, Allison Schaap, Thomas Johengen, Mario Tamburri, Douglas Connelly, Matthew Mowlem, Eric Achterberg
Faculty Publications
The development of phosphate sensors suitable for long-term in situdeployments in natural waters, is essential to improve our understanding of the distribution, fluxes, and biogeochemical role of this key nutrient in a changing ocean. Here, we describe the optimization of the molybdenum blue method for in situ work using a lab-on-chip (LOC) analyzer and evaluate its performance in the laboratory and at two contrasting field sites. The in situ performance of the LOC sensor is evaluated using hourly time-series data from a 56-day trial in Southampton Water (UK), as well as a month-long deployment in the subtropical oligotrophic waters of …
The Mean And Turbulent Properties Of A Wildfire Convective Plume, Neil Lareau, Craig Clements
The Mean And Turbulent Properties Of A Wildfire Convective Plume, Neil Lareau, Craig Clements
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
The time-mean and time-varying smoke and velocity structure of a wildfire convective plume is examined using a high-resolution scanning Doppler lidar. The mean plume is shown to exhibit the archetypal form of a bent-over plume in a crosswind, matching the well-established Briggs plume-rise equation. The plume cross section is approximately Gaussian and the plume radius increases linearly with height, consistent with plumerise theory. The Briggs plume-rise equation is subsequently inverted to estimate the mean fire-generated sensible heat flux, which is found to be 87 kW m22 . The mean radial velocity structure of the plume indicates flow convergence into the …
Direct Comparisons Of Ice Cloud Macro- And Microphysical Properties Simulated By The Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 With Hippo Aircraft Observations, Chenglai Wu, Xiaohong Liu, Minghui Diao, Kai Zhang, Andrew Gettelman, Zheng Lu, Joyce Penner, Zhaohui Lin
Direct Comparisons Of Ice Cloud Macro- And Microphysical Properties Simulated By The Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 With Hippo Aircraft Observations, Chenglai Wu, Xiaohong Liu, Minghui Diao, Kai Zhang, Andrew Gettelman, Zheng Lu, Joyce Penner, Zhaohui Lin
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
In this study we evaluate cloud properties simulated by the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) using in situ measurements from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign for the period of 2009 to 2011. The modeled wind and temperature are nudged towards reanalysis. Model results collocated with HIPPO flight tracks are directly compared with the observations, and model sensitivities to the representations of ice nucleation and growth are also examined. Generally, CAM5 is able to capture specific cloud systems in terms of vertical configuration and horizontal extension. In total, the model reproduces 79.8 % of observed cloud occurrences inside model …
Dynamical Conditions Of Ice Supersaturation And Ice Nucleation In Convective Systems: A Comparative Analysis Between In Situ Aircraft Observations And Wrf Simulations, John D'Alessandro, Minghui Diao, Chenglai Wu, Xiaohong Liu, Ming Chen, Hugh Morrison, Trude Eidhammer, Jorgen Jensen, Aaron Bansemer, Mark Zondlo, Joshua Digangi
Dynamical Conditions Of Ice Supersaturation And Ice Nucleation In Convective Systems: A Comparative Analysis Between In Situ Aircraft Observations And Wrf Simulations, John D'Alessandro, Minghui Diao, Chenglai Wu, Xiaohong Liu, Ming Chen, Hugh Morrison, Trude Eidhammer, Jorgen Jensen, Aaron Bansemer, Mark Zondlo, Joshua Digangi
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Occurrence frequency and dynamical conditions of ice supersaturation (ISS, where relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) > 100%) are examined in the upper troposphere around convective activity. Comparisons are conducted between in situ airborne observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations using four double‐moment microphysical schemes at temperatures ≤ −40°C. All four schemes capture both clear‐sky and in‐cloud ISS conditions. However, the clear‐sky (in‐cloud) ISS conditions are completely (significantly) limited to the RHi thresholds of the Cooper parameterization. In all of the simulations, ISS occurrence frequencies are higher by ~3–4 orders of magnitude at higher updraft speeds ( …
Assessment Of An Atmospheric Transport Model For Annual Inverse Estimates Of California Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Justin Bagley, Seongeun Jeong, Xinguang Cui, Sally Newman, Jingsong Zhang, Chad Priest, Mixtli Campos-Pineda, Arlyn Andrews, Laura Bianco, Matthew Lloyd, Neil Lareau, Craig Clements, Marc Fischer
Assessment Of An Atmospheric Transport Model For Annual Inverse Estimates Of California Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Justin Bagley, Seongeun Jeong, Xinguang Cui, Sally Newman, Jingsong Zhang, Chad Priest, Mixtli Campos-Pineda, Arlyn Andrews, Laura Bianco, Matthew Lloyd, Neil Lareau, Craig Clements, Marc Fischer
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
Atmospheric inverse estimates of gas emissions depend on transport model predictions, hence driving a need to assess uncertainties in the transport model. In this study we assess the uncertainty in WRF-STILT (Weather Research and Forecasting and Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport) model predictions using a combination of meteorological and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. WRF configurations were selected to minimize meteorological biases using meteorological measurements of winds and boundary layer depths from surface stations and radar wind profiler sites across California. We compare model predictions with CO measurements from four tower sites in California from June 2013 through May 2014 to assess …
Estimating Methane Emissions From Biological And Fossil-Fuel Sources In The San Francisco Bay Area, Seongeun Jeong, Xinguang Cui, Donald Blake, Ben Miller, Stephen Montzka, Arlyn Andrews, Abhinav Guha, Philip Martien, Ray Bambha, Brian Lafranchi, Hope Michelsen, Craig Clements, Pierre Glaize, Marc Fischer
Estimating Methane Emissions From Biological And Fossil-Fuel Sources In The San Francisco Bay Area, Seongeun Jeong, Xinguang Cui, Donald Blake, Ben Miller, Stephen Montzka, Arlyn Andrews, Abhinav Guha, Philip Martien, Ray Bambha, Brian Lafranchi, Hope Michelsen, Craig Clements, Pierre Glaize, Marc Fischer
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
We present the first sector-specific analysis of methane (CH4) emissions from the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) using CH4 and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements from six sites during September – December 2015. We apply a hierarchical Bayesian inversion to separate the biological from fossil-fuel (natural gas and petroleum) sources using the measurements of CH4 and selected VOCs, a source-specific 1 km CH4 emission model, and an atmospheric transport model. We estimate that SFBA CH4 emissions are 166–289 Gg CH4/yr (at 95% confidence), 1.3–2.3 times higher than a recent inventory with much of the underestimation from landfill. Including the VOCs, …
Environmental And Climate Justice Along The Brahmaputra River In Northeast India, Costanza Rampini
Environmental And Climate Justice Along The Brahmaputra River In Northeast India, Costanza Rampini
Faculty Publications, Environmental Studies
The glaciers of the Himalayas are the source of all of Asia’s major rivers and are crucial to Asia’s water supply, economies, and livelihoods. The Himalayan region is uniquely vulnerable to the impacts of anthropogenic climate change, while also becoming one of the most dammed regions in the world. This case study explores the unequal distribution of the impacts of climate change and dam building along the Brahmaputra River in Northeast India. It examines how the combined impacts of these two processes negatively affect local communities and explores environmental and climate justice issues. In discussing climate change impacts and hydropower …
Teaching In The Age Of Humans Helping Students Think About Climate Change., Grinell Smith
Teaching In The Age Of Humans Helping Students Think About Climate Change., Grinell Smith
Faculty Publications
To convey the magnitude and rapidity of current climate change and the severity of predictions for the next century, I present essential climate science information using four key sets of data and contextualize that information with personal anecdotes. I then consider the reasons for the large gap between the scientific consensus about anthropogenic climate change and public perceptions of that consensus. With several known challenges to climate change education in mind, I offer four recommendations for teachers that map relevant social psychology to pedagogy: (1) establish a learning community that works to disrupt in-group favoritism and reduce attribution bias; (2) …