Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Inventing Around Edison’S Lamp Patent: The Role Of Patents In Stimulating Downstream Development And Competition, Ron D. Katznelson, John Howells

Ron D. Katznelson

We provide the first detailed empirical study of inventing around patent claims. The enforcement of Edison’s incandescent lamp patent in 1891-1894 stimulated a surge of patenting. Most of these later patents disclosed inventions around the Edison patent. Some of these patents introduced important new technology in their own right and became prior art for new fields, indicating that invention around patents contributes to dynamic efficiency. Contrary to widespread contemporary understanding, the Edison lamp patent did not suppress technological advance in electric lighting. The market position of General Electric (“GE”), the Edison patent-owner, weakened through the period of this patent’s enforcement.

C.V. - Wojciech Budzianowski, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

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Renewable Energy And Sustainable Development (Resd) Group, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

Procesy Cieplne I Aparaty (Lab), Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

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Inżynieria Chemiczna Lab., Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

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Rooted In Hell: Simulating Phragmites Australis, Rachel Nydegger Rozum, Jacob Duncan, James Powell Ph.D.

Rachel Nydegger Rozum

Across the estuaries of the east coast and wetlands of the Great Lakes, the invasive grass Phragmites australis outcompetes other vegetation and destroys local ecosystems. Because its roots are tolerant to salinity that other plants find hellish, Phragmites invasions begin with vegetative spread of genetic clones in brackish marshlands.This plant can grow over three meters tall at densities of 50 stems/m2, provides poor wildlife habitat, and is very difficult to eradicate. A discrete life stage model on a yearly time step captures seed survivorship in a seed bank, sexual and asexual recruitment into a juvenile age class, and differential competition …

Structure And Study Of Elements In Ternary Γ-Semigroups, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, D. Madhusudhana Rao, M. Vasantha, M. Venkateswara Rao

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper we introduce the notion of a ternary Γ- semigroup is introduced and some examples are given. Further the terms commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, quasi commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, normal ternary Γ- semigroup, left pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, right pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them. In section 2, the terms; ternary Γ-subsemigroup, ternary Γ-subsemigroup generated by a subset, cyclic ternary Γ-subsemigroup of a ternary Γ-semigroup and cyclic ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them In section 3, we discussed some special elements of a ternary Γ-semigroups and characterized them.

Structure And Study Of Elements In Ternary Γ-Semigroups, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, D. Madhusudhana Rao, M. Vasantha, M. Venkateswara Rao

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper we introduce the notion of a ternary Γ- semigroup is introduced and some examples are given. Further the terms commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, quasi commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, normal ternary Γ- semigroup, left pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, right pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them. In section 2, the terms; ternary Γ-subsemigroup, ternary Γ-subsemigroup generated by a subset, cyclic ternary Γ-subsemigroup of a ternary Γ-semigroup and cyclic ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them In section 3, we discussed some special elements of a ternary Γ-semigroups and characterized them.

Optimal Control Of A Switched Autonomous System With Time Delay Arising In Fed-Batch Processes, Chongyang Liu

Chongyang Liu

In this paper, we propose a switched autonomous system with time delay to model the 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) production in a fed-batch process. Taking the switching instants and the terminal time as the control variables, we formulate a constrained time-delayed optimal control (CTOC) problem to optimize the 1,3-PD production process. Using a time-scaling transformation and parametrizing the switching instants into new parameters, an equivalent CTOC problem is investigated. A numerical solution method is then developed to seek the optimal control strategy. This method is based on the constraint transcription technique and the gradients of the cost functional together with those of …

Sufficient Condition For Complete Graphs And Hamiltonian Graphs, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S.Venu Madava Sarma, T.V. Pradeep Kumar

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In 1856, Hamiltonian introduced the Hamiltonian Graph where a Graph which is covered all the vertices without repetition and end with starting vertex. In this paper I would like to prove that every Complete Graph ‘G’ having n ≥ 5 vertices, such that n is odd. If for all pairs of nonadjacent vertices u, v one has du + dv ≥ n − 2, then G has a Hamiltonian path.

Belpatra (Aegel Marmelos) Bark Powder As An Adsorbent For The Color Removal Of Textile Dye “Torque Blue”, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Vandana Gupta, Anupam Agarwal, M. K. Singh

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Adsorption is used as a potential method for the removal of color (dye) from industrial waste water. In this paper an easily available low cost Belpatra (Aegel marmelos) bark powder was used as an adsorbent for the removal of textile dye Torque Blue. For the present work several experiments were conducted at different adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, dye concentration, particle size, and contact time in a batch adsorption mode. The experimental results revealed that maximum adsorption capacity of Belpatra bark powder on Torque blue dye was found to be 98% at an adsorbent dosage of 0.7gm in 100 ml dye …

Some Covariance Inequalities For Non-Monotonic Functions With Applications To Mean-Variance Indiference Curves And Bank Hedging, Martin Egozcue

Martin Egozcue

No abstract provided.

Fermat's Last Theorem Disproved Over 7 Times By James T. Struck 2014 And 2015 3 Disproofs 2014 And 4 Disproofs 2015, James T. Struck

James T Struck

Fermat's Last Theorem Disproved Over 7 Times By James T. STruck 2014 and 2015 3 Disproofs 2014 and 4 Disproofs 2015. 3 Disproofs from 2014 in other article. Petition for Gottingen and French Academy of Sciences Awards for Prize. Use of 2 N's not prohibited by Fermat so easy disproof using n=3 and n=4 2 third plus 2 third does equal 2 fourth. Disproof by non Exclusion by Fermat of 2 n's and other disproofs like 0's and infinity and 0's and 1's as integers.

Proof And Disproof At The Same Time-Beal Conjecture Case Study Proof 2015, Disproven 2015 And 2013 Beal Conjecture Disproven, James T. Struck

James T Struck

Beal Conjecture Case Study Proof 2015 and 2013 Beal Conjecture Disproven-Planet Number Different Based on Larger than Pluto Standard, Beal Disproven Based on Examples and 2015 Proof Based on Examples, 2015 Disproof Based on Disproof of If Statements Added

Disproving Conventional 9 Planet Concepts Our Solar System would have 15 planets using the Pluto Standard of Pluto's 2200 km diameter. Jupiter, Io, Europa, Callisto, Ganymede would be a Quintuple Planet or 5 planets, Saturn and Titan a Double Planet or 2 planets, Neptune and Triton also a Double Planet or 2 planets. By the way using Charon's 1200 km diameter …

On Combining Neighbouring Extremals With Control Parameterization, Chongyang Liu, Qun Lin, Ryan Loxton, Kok Lay Teo

Chongyang Liu

In this paper, we consider the neighbouring extremals for a class of optimal control problems with control constraints. We first solve the optimal control problem using control parameterization method to obtain the optimal open-loop control and the optimal reference state. Then, a neighbouring feedback control law is derived for small state perturbations caused by changes on reference state at switching times.

Nonlinear State-Dependent Impulsive System In Fed-Batch Culture And Its Optimal Control, Bangyu Shen, Xiaojing Wang, Chongyang Liu

Chongyang Liu

In this paper, a nonlinear impulsive controlled system, in which the volume of feeding is taken as the control function, is proposed to formulate the fed-batch fermentation process.In the system, both impulsive moments and jumps size of state are state-dependent. Some important properties of the system are investigated. To maximize the concentration of target product at the terminal time, an optimal control model involving the nonlinear state-dependent impulsive controlled system is presented.The optimal control problem is subject to the continuous state inequality constraint and the control constraint. The existence of optimal control is also obtained. In order to derive the …

Horizontal Well’S Path Planning: An Optimal Switching Control, Zhaohua Gong, Kok Lay Teo, Chongyang Liu, Enmin Feng

Chongyang Liu

In this paper, we consider a three-dimensional horizontal well’s path planning problem, where the well’s path evolves as a combination of several constant-curvature smooth turn segments. The problem is formulated as an optimal switching control problem subject to continuous state inequality constraints. By applying the time-scaling transformation and constraint transcription in conjunction with local smooth approximation technique, the optimal switching control problem is approximated by a sequence of optimal parameter selection problems with only box constraints, each of which is solvable by gradient-based optimization techniques. The optimal path planning problems of the wells Ci-16-Cp146 and Jin27 in Liaohe oil field …

An Optimal Threshold Strategy In The Two-Envelope Problem With Partial Information, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García

Martin Egozcue

No abstract provided.

Inżynieria Chemiczna Ćw., Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

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Tematyka Prac Doktorskich, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

Intelligent Firefly Algorithm For Global Optimization, Seif-Eddeen K. Fateen, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet

Seif-Eddeen K Fateen

Intelligent firefly algorithm (IFA) is a novel global optimization algorithm that aims to improve the performance of the firefly algorithm (FA), whichwas inspired by the flashing communication signals among firefly swarms. This chapter introduces the IFA modification and evaluates its performance in comparison with the original algorithm in twenty multi-dimensional benchmark problems. The results of those numerical experiments show that IFA outperformed FA in terms of reliability and effectiveness in all tested benchmark problems. In some cases, the global minimum could not have been successfully identified via the firefly algorithm, except with the proposed modification for FA.

Fuzzy Mathematical Models Of Type-1 And Type-2 For Computing The Parameters And Its Applications, R.W. W. Hndoosh

R. W. Hndoosh

This work provides mathematical formulas and algorithm in order to calculate the derivatives that being necessary to perform Steepest Descent models to make T1 and T2 FLSs much more accessible to FLS modelers. It provides derivative computations that are applied on different kind of MFs, and some computations which are then clarified for specific MFs. We have learned how to model T1 FLSs when a set of training data is available and provided an application to derive the Steepest Descent models that depend on trigonometric function (SDTFM). This work, also focused on an interval type-2 non-singleton type-2 FLS (IT2 NS-T2 …

Fuzzy Mathematical Models For The Analysis Of Fuzzy Systems With Application To Liver Disorders, R.W. W. Hndoosh

R. W. Hndoosh

The main objective of this model is to focus on how to use the model of fuzzy system to solve fuzzy mathematics problems. Some mathematical models based on fuzzy set theory, fuzzy systems and neural network techniques seem very well suited for typical technical problems. We have proposed an extension model of a fuzzy system to N-dimension, using Mamdani's minimum implication, the minimum inference system, and the singleton fuzzifier with the center average defuzzifier. Here construct two different models namely a fuzzy inference system and an adaptive fuzzy system using neural network. We have extended the theorem for accuracy of …

Fuzzy Mathematical Model For Detection Of Lung Cancer Using A Multi-Nfclass With Confusion Fuzzy Matrix For Accuracy, R.W. W. Hndoosh

R. W. Hndoosh

and detection of lung cancer data. This model depends on a generic model of a fuzzy perceptron, which can be used to derive a neural fuzzy system for specific domains. The multi neuron-fuzzy classification (Multi-NFClass) model proposed that uses input, hidden layers, output, and subclasses that have a multitude in each class. This model derives fuzzy rules to classify patterns into a number of crisp classes. Firstly, an attempt is made to describe fuzzy if–then rules, and construction of the fuzzy if–then rule, that are determined by the simple steps when its antecedent fuzzy sets are specified by genetic operations, …

Parameter Identification For Ordinary And Delay Differential Equations By Using Flat Inputs, René Schenkendorf, Michael Mangold

René Schenkendorf

The concept of differential flatness has been widely used for nonlinear controller design. In this contribution, it is shown that flatness may also be a very useful property for parameter identification. An identification method based on flat inputs is introduced. The treatment of noisy measurements and the extension of the method to delay differential equations are discussed. The method is illustrated by two case studies: the well-known FitzHugh-Nagumo equations and a virus replication model with delays.

Simulating Burr Type Vii Distributions Through The Method Of L-Moments And L-Correlations, Mohan D. Pant, Todd C. Headrick

Mohan Dev Pant

Burr Type VII, a one-parameter non-normal distribution, is among the less studied distributions, especially, in the contexts of statistical modeling and simulation studies. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a methodology for simulating univariate and multivariate Burr Type VII distributions through the method of L-moments and L-correlations. The methodology can be applied in statistical modeling of events in a variety of applied mathematical contexts and Monte Carlo simulation studies. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that L-moment-based Burr Type VII distributions are superior to their conventional moment-based analogs in terms of distribution fitting and estimation. Simulation results …

Mathematical Structure Of Fuzzy Modeling Of Medical Diagnoses By Using Clustering Models, R.W. W. Hndoosh

R. W. Hndoosh

An Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS with different techniques of clustering is successfully developed to solve one of the problems of medical diagnoses, because it has the advantage of powerful modeling ability. In this paper, we propose the generation of an adaptive neuro-Fuzzy Inference System model using different clustering models such as a subtractive fuzzy clustering (SFC) model and a fuzzy c-mean clustering (FCM) model in the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model for selecting the hidden node centers. An experimental result on datasets of medical diagnoses shows the proposed model with two models of clustering (ANFIS-SFC & ANFIS-FCM) while comparing the …

Fc Product：Discrete Fractional Chaotic Signal Software, Guo-Cheng Wu, Dumitru Baleanu

G.C. Wu

No abstract provided.

Solving The Instantaneous Response Paradox Of Entangled Particles Using The Time Of Events Theory, Sadeem Abbas Fadhil

Sadeem Abbas Fadhil

In the present study, a new theory that relates the special theory of relativity with quantum mechanics is formulated and then used to explain the remote instantaneous response of entangled particles without the assumptions of nonlocality or hidden variables. The basic assumptions of the present theory stands on the foundation of two space-times, namely, the static and dynamic space-times, in which the latter contains space points that move at the speed of light. The remote instantaneous interaction of the entangled particles is due to the closeness of these particles to each other in the dynamic space-time in spite of remoteness …

Fuzzy, Bahram Agheli

Bahram Agheli

No abstract provided.