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Full-Text Articles in COVID-19
Geographic Monitoring For Early Disease Detection (Geomedd), Andrew Curtis, Jayakrishnan Ajayakumar, Jacqueline Curtis, Sorapat Vijitakula, Justin Yax
Geographic Monitoring For Early Disease Detection (Geomedd), Andrew Curtis, Jayakrishnan Ajayakumar, Jacqueline Curtis, Sorapat Vijitakula, Justin Yax
Faculty Scholarship
Identifying emergent patterns of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the local level presents a geographic challenge. The need is not only to integrate multiple data streams from different sources, scales, and cadences, but to also identify meaningful spatial patterns in these data, especially in vulnerable settings where even small numbers and low rates are important to pinpoint for early intervention. This paper identifies a gap in current analytical approaches and presents a near-real time assessment of emergent disease that can be used to guide a local intervention strategy: Geographic Monitoring for Early Disease Detection (GeoMEDD). Through integration of a spatial …
Is G-Csf Dangerous In Covid-19: Why Not Use Gm-Csf?, Hillard M. Lazarus
Is G-Csf Dangerous In Covid-19: Why Not Use Gm-Csf?, Hillard M. Lazarus
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Chemokine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms And Covid-19: Could Knowledge Gained From Hiv/Aids Be Important?, Rajeev K. Mehlotra
Chemokine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms And Covid-19: Could Knowledge Gained From Hiv/Aids Be Important?, Rajeev K. Mehlotra
Faculty Scholarship
Emerging results indicate that an uncontrolled host immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (also termed “cytokine stormâ€), is the major driver of pathology in severe COVID-19. In this pandemic, considerable effort is being focused on identifying host genomic factors that increase susceptibility or resistance to the complications of COVID-19 and translating these findings to improved patient care. In this regard, the chemokine receptor-ligand nexus has been reported as potentially important in severe COVID-19 disease pathogenesis and its treatment. Valuable genomic insights into the chemokine receptor-ligand nexus have been gained from HIV infection and disease progression …
Characterization Of Community-Wide Transmission Of Sars-Cov-2 In Congregate Living Settings And Local Public Health-Coordinated Response During The Initial Phase Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Pauline D. Terebuh, Amina J. Egwiekhor, Heidi L. Gullett, Adeola O. Fakolade, Jill E. Miracle, Prakash T. Ganesh, Johnie Rose, Kurt C. Stange, Andrea D. Szabo
Characterization Of Community-Wide Transmission Of Sars-Cov-2 In Congregate Living Settings And Local Public Health-Coordinated Response During The Initial Phase Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Pauline D. Terebuh, Amina J. Egwiekhor, Heidi L. Gullett, Adeola O. Fakolade, Jill E. Miracle, Prakash T. Ganesh, Johnie Rose, Kurt C. Stange, Andrea D. Szabo
Faculty Scholarship
BACKGROUND: Clusters of COVID-19 cases amplify the pandemic and are critical targets for intervention, but comprehensive clusterâ€level data are not collected systematically by federal or most state public health entities. This analysis characterizes COVID-19 clusters among vulnerable populations housed in congregate living settings across an entire community and describes early mitigation efforts. METHODS: The Cuyahoga County Board of Health identified and interviewed COVID-19 cases and exposed contacts, assessing possible connections to congregate living facilities within its jurisdiction from March 7, 2020, to May 15, 2020, during the first phase of the pandemic, while state of Ohio stayâ€atâ€home orders were in …
The Hypercoagulable State In Covid-19: Incidence, Pathophysiology, And Management, Mouhamed Yazan Abou-Ismail, Akiva Diamond, Yasmin Arafah, Lalitha Nayak
The Hypercoagulable State In Covid-19: Incidence, Pathophysiology, And Management, Mouhamed Yazan Abou-Ismail, Akiva Diamond, Yasmin Arafah, Lalitha Nayak
Faculty Scholarship
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents with a large variety of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic carrier state to severe respiratory distress, multiple organ dysfunction and death. While it was initially considered primarily a respiratory illness, rapidly accumulating data suggests that COVID-19 results in a unique, profoundly prothrombotic milieu leading to both arterial and venous thrombosis. Consistently, elevated D-dimer level has emerged as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes, including death. Several other laboratory markers and blood counts have also been associated with poor prognosis, possibly due to their connection to thrombosis. At present, the pathophysiology underlying the hypercoagulable …
Covid-19 Risk And Outcomes In Patients With Substance Use Disorders, Quangqiu Wang, David C. Kaelber, Rong Xu
Covid-19 Risk And Outcomes In Patients With Substance Use Disorders, Quangqiu Wang, David C. Kaelber, Rong Xu
Faculty Scholarship
The global pandemic of COVID-19 is colliding with the epidemic of opioid use disorders (OUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD) in the United States (US). Currently, there is limited data on risks, disparity, and outcomes for COVID-19 in individuals suffering from SUD. This is a retrospective case-control study of electronic health records (EHRs) data of 73,099,850 unique patients, of whom 12,030 had a diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients with a recent diagnosis of SUD (within past year) were at significantly increased risk for COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio or AOR=8.699 [8.411–8.997], P<10−30), an effect that was strongest for individuals with OUD (AOR=10.244 [9.107–11.524], P<10−30), followed by individuals with tobacco use disorder (TUD) (AOR=8.222 ([7.925–8.530], P<10−30). Compared to patients without SUD, patients with SUD had significantly higher prevalence of chronic kidney, liver, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Among patients with recent diagnosis of SUD, African Americans had significantly higher risk of COVID-19 than Caucasians (AOR=2.173 [2.01–2.349], P<10−30), with strongest effect for OUD (AOR=4.162 [3.13–5.533], P<10−25). COVID-19 patients with SUD had significantly worse outcomes (death: 9.6%, hospitalization: 41.0%) than general COVID-19 patients (death: 6.6%, hospitalization: 30.1%) and African Americans with COVID-19 and SUD had worse outcomes (death: 13.0%, hospitalization: 50.7%) than Caucasians (death: 8.6%, hospitalization: 35.2%). These findings identify individuals with SUD, especially individuals with OUD and African Americans, as having increased risk for COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes, highlighting the need to screen and treat individuals with SUD as part of the strategy to control the pandemic while ensuring no disparities in access to healthcare support.
Can Lessons From The Covid-19 Pandemic Help Define A Strategy For Global Pediatric Radiology Education?, Jennifer Lynn Nicholas
Can Lessons From The Covid-19 Pandemic Help Define A Strategy For Global Pediatric Radiology Education?, Jennifer Lynn Nicholas
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Quantifying The Decrease In Emergency Department Imaging Utilization During The Covid-19 Pandemic At A Multicenter Healthcare System In Ohio, Keval D. Parikh, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Elias G. Kikano, Sree Harsha Tirumani, Jonathan Pierce, Carl Butcher, Jeffrey L. Sunshine, Donna M. Plecha
Quantifying The Decrease In Emergency Department Imaging Utilization During The Covid-19 Pandemic At A Multicenter Healthcare System In Ohio, Keval D. Parikh, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Elias G. Kikano, Sree Harsha Tirumani, Jonathan Pierce, Carl Butcher, Jeffrey L. Sunshine, Donna M. Plecha
Faculty Scholarship
PURPOSE: To illustrate the change in emergency department (ED) imaging utilization at a multicenter health system in the state of Ohio during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted assessing ED imaging volumes between March 1, 2020, and May 11, 2020, during the COVID-19 crisis. A rolling 7-day total value was used for volume tracking and comparison. Total imaging utilization in the ED was compared with new COVID-19 cases in our region. Utilization was first categorized by modality and then by plain films and computed tomography (CT) scans grouped by body part. CT imaging of the chest …
G-Csf And Gm-Csf Are Different. Which One Is Better For Covid-19?, Hillard M. Lazarus
G-Csf And Gm-Csf Are Different. Which One Is Better For Covid-19?, Hillard M. Lazarus
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Comparison Of Abbott Id Now, Diasorin Simplexa, And Cdc Fda Emergency Use Authorization Methods For The Detection Of Sars-Cov-2 From Nasopharyngeal And Nasal Swabs From Individuals Diagnosed With Covid-19, Daniel D. Rhoads, Sree S. Cherian, Lisa M. Stempak, Christine L. Schmotzer, Navid Sadri
Comparison Of Abbott Id Now, Diasorin Simplexa, And Cdc Fda Emergency Use Authorization Methods For The Detection Of Sars-Cov-2 From Nasopharyngeal And Nasal Swabs From Individuals Diagnosed With Covid-19, Daniel D. Rhoads, Sree S. Cherian, Lisa M. Stempak, Christine L. Schmotzer, Navid Sadri
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Cbt-Informed Interventions For Essential Workers During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kathy Benhamou, Alexandra Piedra
Cbt-Informed Interventions For Essential Workers During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kathy Benhamou, Alexandra Piedra
Student Scholarship
Essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic face heightened levels of anxiety and depression due to increased work demands, lack of adequate personal protective equipment, fear of contracting the virus, and fear of spreading it to loved ones. This is a time of urgent need for mental health support for workers affected by the pandemic crisis. Clinicians may employ empirically supported interventions derived from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and related therapies. Psychological First Aid, an evidence-based crisis intervention, may be utilized to emphasize basic needs and support, but is intended as an acute disaster intervention. Given that a pandemic is an …
Covid-19 Pandemic Impact On Decreased Imaging Utilization: A Single Institutional Experience, Keval D. Parikh, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Elias G. Kikano, Sree Harsha Tirumani, Himanshu Pandya, Bart Stovicek, Jeffrey L. Sunshine, Donna M. Plecha
Covid-19 Pandemic Impact On Decreased Imaging Utilization: A Single Institutional Experience, Keval D. Parikh, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Elias G. Kikano, Sree Harsha Tirumani, Himanshu Pandya, Bart Stovicek, Jeffrey L. Sunshine, Donna M. Plecha
Faculty Scholarship
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Predictive models and anecdotal articles suggest radiology practices were losing 50-70% of their normal imaging volume during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using actual institutional data, we investigated the change in imaging utilization and revenue during this public health crisis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging performed within the 8-week span between March 8-April 30, 2020 was categorized into the COVID-19 healthcare crisis timeframe. The first week of this date range and the 10 weeks prior were used to derive the normal practice expected volume. A rolling seven-day total value was used for volume tracking and comparison. Total imaging utilization was …
Should Asymptomatic And Low-Risk Individuals Be Tested For Sars-Cov-2?, Ashwini R. Sehgal
Should Asymptomatic And Low-Risk Individuals Be Tested For Sars-Cov-2?, Ashwini R. Sehgal
Faculty Scholarship
Because people with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections are an important source of transmission, widespread testing has the potential to identify and isolate such individuals, quarantine their contacts, and prevent further spread. However, testing for a condition in a group with low disease prevalence may lead to numerous false positive results. This study quantifies the tradeoff between reducing transmission by true positives and unnecessary isolation and quarantine due to false positives.
Covid-19: Launching Neurosurgery Into The Era Of Telehealth In The United States, Christina Huang Wright, James Wright, Berje Shammassian
Covid-19: Launching Neurosurgery Into The Era Of Telehealth In The United States, Christina Huang Wright, James Wright, Berje Shammassian
Faculty Scholarship
The authors discuss the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of telehealth in the United States.
Steam Treatment For Rapid Decontamination Of N95 Respirators And Medical Face Masks, Sarah N. Redmond, Lucas D. Jones, Curtis J. Donskey
Steam Treatment For Rapid Decontamination Of N95 Respirators And Medical Face Masks, Sarah N. Redmond, Lucas D. Jones, Curtis J. Donskey
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Management Of Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Aasef G. Shaikh
Management Of Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Aasef G. Shaikh
Faculty Scholarship
The current worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought some medical systems to the brink of collapse. This crisis is also negatively impacting the care of patients with non-COVID-19 conditions, including those with cerebellar ataxia (CA). Older patients with CA and those with immune-mediated ataxias on immunosuppressive medication are potentially at high risk of developing serious complications of the infection, although it is also possible that immunosuppressive agents may provide a defense against cytokine storm. This has implications for even greater attention to preventing contracting the disease through physical distancing …
Aga Institute Rapid Review Of The Gi And Liver Manifestations Of Covid-19, Meta-Analysis Of International Data, And Recommendations For The Consultative Management Of Patients With Covid-19, Perica Davitkov, Yngve Falck-Ytter
Aga Institute Rapid Review Of The Gi And Liver Manifestations Of Covid-19, Meta-Analysis Of International Data, And Recommendations For The Consultative Management Of Patients With Covid-19, Perica Davitkov, Yngve Falck-Ytter
Faculty Scholarship
Background & aims: Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver enzyme abnormalities, have been variably reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This document provides best practice statements and recommendations for consultative management based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished studies using OVID Medline and preprint servers (medRxiv, LitCovid, and SSRN) up until April 5, 2020; major journal sites were monitored for US publications until April 19, 2020. We pooled …
Flattening The Curve In Covid-19 Using Personalised Protective Equipment: Lessons From Air Pollution, Sanjay Rajagopalan
Flattening The Curve In Covid-19 Using Personalised Protective Equipment: Lessons From Air Pollution, Sanjay Rajagopalan
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Adapting To Uncertainty: Nursing Responsiveness To Covid-19, Scott Emory Moore
Adapting To Uncertainty: Nursing Responsiveness To Covid-19, Scott Emory Moore
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Changes In Gastroenterology And Endoscopy Practices In Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: Results From A North American Survey, Zachary L. Smith
Changes In Gastroenterology And Endoscopy Practices In Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: Results From A North American Survey, Zachary L. Smith
Faculty Scholarship
Digestive manifestations appear to be common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). Gastroenterologists will invariably come into contact with infected patients, and the risk of intraprocedural exposure is well established. Recommendations have been issued to guide personal protective equipment (PPE) use and the triage of procedural urgency, among other operational considerations. In response, institutions providing gastroenterology and endoscopy services have taken urgent action to protect patients and staff, but the uptake and extent of these practice changes in North America is unknown. We conducted a survey of gastroenterology and endoscopy practices to assess the response to the COVID-19 pandemic …
How Big Data And Artificial Intelligence Can Help Better Manage The Covid-19 Pandemic, Giovanni Damiani
How Big Data And Artificial Intelligence Can Help Better Manage The Covid-19 Pandemic, Giovanni Damiani
Faculty Scholarship
SARS-CoV2 is a novel coronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization. Thanks to the latest advancements in the field of molecular and computational techniques and information and communication technologies (ICTs), artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data can help in handling the huge, unprecedented amount of data derived from public health surveillance, real-time epidemic outbreaks monitoring, trend now-casting/forecasting, regular situation briefing and updating from governmental institutions and organisms, and health facility utilization information. The present review is aimed at overviewing the potential applications of AI and Big Data in the global effort to manage the pandemic. …
Anticoagulation In Covid-19, Bassam Atallah
It's Not The Heat, It's The Humidity: Effectiveness Of A Rice Cooker-Steamer For Decontamination Of Cloth And Surgical Face Masks And N95 Respirators, Sarah N. Redmond, Lucas D. Jones, Curtis J. Donskey
It's Not The Heat, It's The Humidity: Effectiveness Of A Rice Cooker-Steamer For Decontamination Of Cloth And Surgical Face Masks And N95 Respirators, Sarah N. Redmond, Lucas D. Jones, Curtis J. Donskey
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
What Constitutes Urgent Endoscopy? A Social Media Snapshot Of Gastroenterologists' Views During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Zachary L. Smith
What Constitutes Urgent Endoscopy? A Social Media Snapshot Of Gastroenterologists' Views During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Zachary L. Smith
Faculty Scholarship
Background and study aims: There is a consensus among gastroenterology organizations that elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the decision to perform urgent procedures and to defer entirely elective procedures is mostly evident, there is a wide "middle ground" of time-sensitive but not technically urgent or emergent endoscopic interventions. We aimed to survey gastroenterologists worldwide using Twitter to help elucidate these definitions using commonly encountered clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or …
Virtual Visits For Care Of Patients With Heart Failure In The Era Of Covid-19: A Statement From The Heart Failure Society Of America, Eiran Z. Gorodeski
Virtual Visits For Care Of Patients With Heart Failure In The Era Of Covid-19: A Statement From The Heart Failure Society Of America, Eiran Z. Gorodeski
Faculty Scholarship
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, US federal and state governments have implemented wide-ranging stay-at-home recommendations as a means to reduce spread of infection. As a consequence, many US healthcare systems and practices have curtailed ambulatory clinic visits—pillars of care for patients with heart failure (HF). In this context, synchronous audio/video interactions, also known as virtual visits (VVs), have emerged as an innovative and necessary alternative. This scientific statement outlines the benefits and challenges of VVs, enumerates changes in policy and reimbursement that have increased the feasibility of VVs during the COVID-19 era, describes platforms and models of care for …
Practice Recommendations For Lung Cancer Radiotherapy During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Estro-Astro Consensus Statement, Gregory Videtic
Practice Recommendations For Lung Cancer Radiotherapy During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Estro-Astro Consensus Statement, Gregory Videtic
Faculty Scholarship
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused radiotherapy resource pressures and led to increased risks for lung cancer patients and healthcare staff. An international group of experts in lung cancer radiotherapy established this practice recommendation pertaining to whether and how to adapt radiotherapy for lung cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: For this ESTRO & ASTRO endorsed project, 32 experts in lung cancer radiotherapy contributed to a modified Delphi consensus process. We assessed potential adaptations of radiotherapy in two pandemic scenarios. The first, an early pandemic scenario of risk mitigation, is characterized by an altered risk-benefit ratio of radiotherapy for lung …
Covid-19 Pandemic Through The Lens Of A Gastroenterology Fellow, Raj Shah, Sagarika Satyavada, Mayada Ismail, Michael Kurin, Zachary L. Smith, Gregory S. Cooper, Amitabh Chak
Covid-19 Pandemic Through The Lens Of A Gastroenterology Fellow, Raj Shah, Sagarika Satyavada, Mayada Ismail, Michael Kurin, Zachary L. Smith, Gregory S. Cooper, Amitabh Chak
Faculty Scholarship
On Tuesday, March 10, 2020, an institutional e-mail sent from our hospital president confirmed the first 3 cases of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our healthcare system. Twenty-four hours later, we learned that one of our co-fellows had been exposed and was forced into self-quarantine. Suddenly, what had seemed to be a distant problem hit close to home. As we sat around the “fellows’ room” (socially distanced as much as possible in the luxurious expanse that is common to fellows’ quarters), the uncertainty about our future raised several questions. How would we be impacted as we journeyed through …
Aga Institute Rapid Recommendations For Gastrointestinal Procedures During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Perica Davitkov, Yngve Falck-Ytter
Aga Institute Rapid Recommendations For Gastrointestinal Procedures During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Perica Davitkov, Yngve Falck-Ytter
Faculty Scholarship
Multiple questions have been raised regarding the GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19 infection and the implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on GI endoscopy. A joint society statement by the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy on March 15, 2020 highlighted the potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through droplets, an established mode of transmission, and possibly fecal shedding, and the associated risk for transmission to endoscopy personnel during GI endoscopy procedures. In this document, we seek to summarize the data and provide evidence-based …
Unprecedented Solutions For Extraordinary Times: Helping Long-Term Care Settings Deal With The Covid-19 Pandemic, Robin L.P. Jump
Unprecedented Solutions For Extraordinary Times: Helping Long-Term Care Settings Deal With The Covid-19 Pandemic, Robin L.P. Jump
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Role Of Changes In Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein In The Interaction With The Human Ace2 Receptor: An In Silico Analysis, Joseph Thomas Ortega
Role Of Changes In Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein In The Interaction With The Human Ace2 Receptor: An In Silico Analysis, Joseph Thomas Ortega
Faculty Scholarship
Many human viral diseases are a consequence of a zoonotic event. Some of the diseases caused by these zoono- tic events have affected millions of people around the world, some of which have resulted in high rates of mor- bidity/mortality in humans. Changes in the viral proteins that function as ligands of the host receptor may pro- mote the spillover between species. The most recent of these zoonotic events that have caused an ongoing epi- demic of high magnitude is the Covid-19 epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to de- termine the mutation(s) in the sequence …