Public Health Commons^™

Association Of Maternal Age 35 Years And Over And Prenatal Care Utilization, Preterm Birth, And Low Birth Weight, Mexico 2008–2019, Laura Jacobson, Evelyn Fuentes-Rivera, Raffaela Schiavon, Blair Darney

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective:

We compared prenatal care utilization, preterm birth, and low birth weight neonates among women 35 years and older compared to women 20-34 years old in Mexico, 2008-2019.

Methods:

We used birth certificate data and conducted a historical cohort study of all singleton live births in Mexico from 2008-2019. Study outcomes were inadequate prenatal care (timing of initiation of care and number of visits), preterm birth, and low birth weight. We compared outcomes among women 35-39, 40-44, and 45-49 with births to women 20-34. We used logistic regression to account for individual and contextual confounders.

Results:

We included a total …

Evaluating The Effect Of San Francisco’S Paid Parental Leave Ordinance On Birth Outcomesf, Deborah Karasek, Sarah Raifman, Rita Hamad, William H. Dow, Julia M. Goodman

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since 2017, San Francisco’s Paid Parental Leave Ordinance (PPLO) has allowed parents who work for private-sector employers to take 6 weeks of fully paid postnatal parental leave. Previous studies have linked paid parental leave with health improvements for birthing people and babies, although evidence for birth outcomes is limited. We hypothesized that the PPLO may have improved birth outcomes via reduced stress during pregnancy due to anticipation of increased financial security and postnatal leave. We used linked California birth certificate and hospital discharge records from January 2013 to December 2018 (n = 1,420,781). We used quasi-experimental difference-in-difference (DD) models to …

On Epidemiology As Racial-Capitalist (Re)Colonization And Epistemic Violence, Ryan J. Petteway

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This commentary reflects upon power-knowledge dynamics and matters of epistemic, procedural, and distributive justice that undergird epidemiological knowledge production related to racial health inequities in the U.S. Grounded in Foucault’s power-knowledge concepts—“objects”, “ritual”, and “the privileged”—and guided by Black feminist philosopher Kristie Dotson’s conceptualization of epistemic violence, it critiques the dominant positivist, reductionist, and extractivist paradigm of epidemiology, interrogating the settler-colonial and racial-capitalist nature of the knowledge production/curation enterprise. The commentary challenges epidemiology’s affinity for epistemological, procedural, and methodological norms that effectively silence/erase community knowledge(s) and nuance in favor of reductionist empirical representations/re-presentations produced by researchers who, often, have never …

3 Selections From "Upon The Body: Poems Of/To A Black Social Epi, Pt.Ii--Love//Resistance In The Time Of Covid", R. J. Petteway

Amplify: A Journal of Writing-as-Activism

The 3 poems included here are from a collection written between January and August 2020. The full collection—27 poems total—examines intersections of structural racism, racialized police violence, and COVID-19, drawing from generations of creative resistance produced and embodied by Black artists, activists, and scholars like Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Audre Lorde, Ida B. Wells, James Baldwin, and W.E.B. DuBois. The collection as a whole is crafted as counternarrative to public health’s ahistoric, apolitical, racist, and homophobic proclivities in times of crisis. The 3 poems here are from Part II, "LOVE//Resistance in the Time of COVID.” These selections …

The Passive Approach: How Academically Motivated Students Approach Their Mental Health., Megan E. Mccoy

Anthós

The research utilizes qualitative interviews and focus groups to understand how academically motivated students approach their mental health. Mental health is defined as “emotional, psychological, and social well-being,” by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and is becoming a more significant concern in collegiate student populations. At Portland State University, the effects of mental health concerns on students are nearly double that of students around the U.S (Community Commons, n.d.). Academically motivated students are a group who seemingly strive for success and likely experience high levels of stress daily. The study found that students often take a passive approach …

Preliminary (Year 1) Report To Oha On Pediatric Sogi: Executive Summary. Report To The Oregon Health Authority, Office Of Equity And Inclusion, Martin Arrigotti, Kieran Chase, Alexis Dinno

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Overview: The enclosed report is the result of collaboration between the authors and the Oregon Health Authority. The report synthesizes the thinking and recommendations of the authors about routine data collection of SOGI data in minors for clinical and demographic purposes. Primary motivations to routinely collect SOGI data include: (1) inclusive practice in order to welcome and make space for people from historically excluded genders, sexes, and sexual orientations, (2) to promote health equity between minority and majority SOGI identities, and (3) to direct group-specific services towards those who need them.

Investigation and Findings: These recommendations are informed …

Maternal Socioeconomic Status And Infant Low Birth Weight: Interactions Across Generations, Kira M. Anderson

University Honors Theses

This article examines the interplay between low birth weight (LBW) and socioeconomic status (SES) across generations. Transgenerational research of LBW and SES is limited and poses certain challenges and nuances. A literature review was conducted which gathered studies that analyze both LBW and SES for two or more generations. Results of these studies are mixed, but the body of research is suggestive of patterns in which LBW and low SES may mutually exacerbate each other across generations. Furthermore, the research suggests that these patterns may be more severe among Black women. This paper calls into question the consequences that these …

Reflecting On Resilience: Insight Into Resiliency Development And Utilization In Oregon's Older Adults From 2020 To 2022, Riley A. Wilton

University Honors Theses

The events of the last 2 years have complicated the lives of older adults throughout the world. For many, their survival can be traced back to one key trait: resilience. In the state of Oregon, the years 2020-2022 came with a host of issues that expanded past the COVID-19 pandemic. These events provide context for the world our storytellers discuss.

Using a snowball recruitment strategy through the efforts of community organizations and senior centers, 4 storytellers sat down to describe their resilience in different ways. They were asked to reflect on their own life experiences, how it influenced their resilience, …

The Impact Of Maternal Nutrition On The Development And Severity Of Generalized Anxiety Disorders In Rodent And Non-Human Primate Studies, Esmeralda H. Cardoso

University Honors Theses

Generalized anxiety has become more prevalent among children and adolescents in the United States which impacts their health and livelihood. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is purported to play a role in cognitive development and mental health during childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory suggests maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy influences transgenerational susceptibility, onset, and severity of disease through epigenetic mechanisms that then impact the child’s overall health, including cognitive development and mental health later in life. A literature review of rodents and non-human primate studies was conducted to explore the association between …

Disrupted Course Delivery In The Covid-19 Landscape: Consequences For University Student Stress And Mental Health, Madison M. Eki

University Honors Theses

University students have experienced a massive disruption in the path to their academic goals. The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively impacted populations of students internationally. They have incurred physical and psychological distress. In this paper, the literature and data collected about how the pandemic affected the stress levels of students at universities will be analyzed and a recommendation for future research will be made. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze data and publications pertaining to the mental health and perceived stress of students resulting from Covid-19. There is an emphasis on the severity of the ways that their …

Investigating The Efficacy & Implications Of Abstinence-Based Drug Education, Sophia Hanken

University Honors Theses

The United States has a long and complex history surrounding substance use. Drug education programs have become widely implemented in American schools and the media. Policy, rhetoric, and ideology have directly affected the curriculum of drug education programs. Drug education in the United States centers around substance abstinence. While well-intended, abstinence-based drug education is not a pragmatic solution for reducing substance-related harm or promoting health. The purpose of this thesis is to critique two of the most widely used abstinence-based drug education programs; Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E) and Project ALERT. These programs often emphasize the dangers of substance use …

Understanding The Transport And Chemistry Of Indoor Air During Wildfire Smoke Events With Elliott Gall, Elliott T. Gall

PDXPLORES Podcast

Dr. Elliott Gall, Associate Professor in the Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department at Portland State University, studies indoor air quality in order to better understand how to improve building designs to promote health.

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. So, too, are wildfire smoke events. Smoke from wildfires pose serious health risks. That is why the Environmental Protection Agency recommends individuals remain indoors during smoke events.

In this episode, Professor Gall discusses the importance of understanding the chemistry of wildfire smoke indoors and how smoke is transported into buildings.

Click on the "Download" button to access the audio transcript.

Fortunate People In A Fortunate Land: Dwelling And Residential Alienation In Santa Monica's Rent-Controlled Housing, Lauren E.M. Everett

Dissertations and Theses

The importance of safe and stable housing for individual and community wellbeing is widely acknowledged. However, for the one third of Americans who rent their homes, housing-related stress and precarity (residential alienation) may undermine stability and a sense of home. Rent control is perhaps the most well-known tenant protection policy in the United States, but it remains highly controversial and its efficacy has been debated for decades. This research is the first academic inquiry to examine the policy through the experience of residents of rent-controlled housing. In academic discourse dominated by quantitative inquiry from the discipline of economics, this study …

Changes In Blood Mineral Concentrations And Adhd Symptoms After 8 Weeks Of Micronutrient Supplementation, Elizabeth S. White

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Previous studies have discovered associations between nutritional status of children with ADHD and severity of ADHD symptoms. Data from the Micronutrients in ADHD Youth (MADDY) study was analyzed to assess the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation for ADHD symptoms in children. The MADDY study is a randomized double-blinded three-center clinical trial. Data on the following seven minerals were assessed based on blood measurements from OHSU and OSU: lithium, selenium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and magnesium. All of these minerals were contained in the supplement given to subjects who received the active treatment and absent from the placebo supplement given to the …

Association Between Abdominal Aortic Calcification Severity And Depressive Symptoms: Cross-Sectional Study Findings From Nhanes 2013-2014, Shabir Sarwary

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Association between Abdominal Aortic Calcification Severity and Depressive Symptoms: Cross-Sectional study findings from NHANES 2013-2014

Shabir Sarwary, MPH

BACKGROUND

Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an asymptomatic condition in which calcium deposits build up in abdominal aorta. AAC is detectable only by imaging. When present, severe AAC increases the risk of developing major coronary heart disease compared to no or minimal AAC. Depression affects nearly 10% of U.S. adults and is often present among those who have experienced a major coronary heart disease event, such as myocardial infarction. It is unknown if the prevalence of depression is elevated in adults who …

The Effects Of Running On Arithmetic Problem Solving, Kayia C. Snyder, Nicholas Smith

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

In this work, we propose to examine the effects of physical activity on academic performance as physical activity is shown to improve mood, energy levels, confidence, and memory retention. We propose to recruit a sample of 200 psychology students from Portland State University. Each student will be asked to take an arithmetic problem-solving test then asked to study the material for three weeks. Of the 200 students, 100 will be randomly assigned to a physical activity condition, in which they will be asked to run 30 minutes prior to studying, then all students will be asked to take a timed …

Provider Perspectives On Benefits And Challenges Of Mhealth Autism Screeners​ In Underserved Families, Yesenia Morales

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background: Mobile-health (mHealth; using mobile devices) screening tools for autism are becoming more prevalent, and have potential benefits such as video content, eye tracking, and adaptive design. However, it is unclear whether such tools will ameliorate disparities in access to autism diagnosis and treatment for children from under-privileged backgrounds, instead of improving treatment only for those already advantaged in autism care.

Objective: To understand factors affecting equity in use of mHealth autism screening tools from the perspective of primary care providers (PCPs) and Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education providers (EIPs).

Design/Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews about mHealth autism screening tools, …

Examination Of An Individual-Level Stigma Reduction Tactic In Front-Line Service Encounters, Christopher J. Waterbury, Nicholas A. Smith Phd., Larry Martinez Phd., Shi (Tracy) Xu Phd.

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Minority stress theory links short- and long-term negative health outcomes to stigma and discrimination. It is important that workers have the agency to effect change in the processes of discrimination as a social determinate of health. Identity management strategies are elective tactics that workers may wish to use to reduce discrimination. Front line service workers may be discriminated against by customers in the form of negative customer service evaluations. Group-level stereotypes may influence customer service perceptions more than objective service quality. In this poster, we report findings from two studies in which we examined the effectiveness of an individual-level stigma …

Building Resistance And Sustainability To Improve Population Health In Tokyo, Japan., Ma'adjoa N. Manu

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

The use of policy decisions and urban health indicators can promote a more healthy and equitable city. Over a period of ten weeks, stories and activities going on in Tokyo, Japan, were followed to identify pressing urban health issues in the city. Disaster preparedness measures, city sustainability initiatives, and ageing population health improvement were selected and focused on for this poster presentation. Through policy actions and urban redevelopment plans, Tokyo, a super-aged society, and a city prone to natural disasters like tsunamis and earthquakes, is developing structures that will reduce the impact of disasters, improve the living conditions of the …

Association Of Patient- Provider Language Concordance With Health Care Comprehension Among Latino/As In Oregon: Work In Progress, Grace Parra

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Authors: Grace Parra, Sara Diaz-Anaya, & Blair G. Darney PhD, MPH.

Title

Association of patient- provider language concordance with health care comprehension among Latino/as in Oregon: Work in progress

Background

Language concordance in a healthcare setting is a clinical encounter where the patient and provider speak the same language. Health care comprehension is the degree to which individuals understand health-related information given by the provider. Research to date suggests that language barriers in health care negatively impact quality of care .The purpose of this study is to describe need and preferences for language concordant care and test the association …

Prevalence Of Perceived Weight Stigma And Its Psychological Impact On Obese People In Saudi Arabia, Wafi Albalawi

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

No abstract provided.

Lifetime Smoking History And Prevalence Of Osteoporosis And Low Bone Density In U.S. Adults, Nhanes 2005-2010, Molly Joyce

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Lifetime smoking history and prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone density in U.S. adults, NHANES 2005-2010

Austin R Thompson, BS^{1,2 ¶}

Molly Joyce, BS^{1 ¶}

Kalera Stratton, MPH, MS¹

Eric S Orwoll, MD³

Hans L Carlson, MD²

Nels L Carlson, MD²

Lynn M Marshall, ScD¹

^¶Austin R Thompson and Molly Joyce contributed equally to this work

¹School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA

²Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

³Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical …

Effect Of Sin Lek Rice Intervention On Cognitive Function, Dietary Patterns, And Fecal Microbiota Of Elementary School Children In Chiang Rai, Thailand, Angie Setthavongsack, Siam Popluechai, Jackilen Shannon, Justin Denny, Eleni Gentekaki, Kongkiat Kespechara, Lucsame Gruneck, Thomas J. Sharpton, Kullawong Niwed, Lisa K. Marriott

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Thailand has struggled with malnutrition rates in young children. Rice is a key component of Southeast Asian diets and a whole grain rice varietal (Sin Lek) may support improved nutrition. Diet can influence cognitive function and human gut microbiota, which were explored in the context of a rice intervention. We conducted a pilot study using a non-randomized, crossover clinical trial of Sin Lek rice versus traditional white rice consumption in elementary school children in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Outcomes related to diet, anthropological factors, cognitive function (e.g., short-term working memory, attention, impulsivity), and gut microbial populations were measured at baseline and …

Coaching For Covid: A Qualitative Assessment Of Incorporating Community Health Workers Into Primary Care-Based Covid-19 Outreach, Gina Richardson, Emily Mitchell, Armin Takallou, Brian Frank

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Context/background: In July 2020, recognizing the potential negative interaction between COVID-19 quarantine and medical and social needs, Oregon Health & Science University Family Medicine at Richmond developed a workflow to support clinic patients with acute social and medical needs who test positive for COVID-19. The workflow relies on Community Health Workers (CHWs) who call these patients and ask questions intended to identify social and medical needs. Within this workflow, patients with identified needs are connected by CHWs to community resources. The workflow is intended to reduce barriers to patients’ ability to maintain isolation while adhering to physical distancing guidelines, and …

Focusing The Lens: Recognizing U.S. Prisons As Fortresses Of Environmental Injustice, Elijah R. Hart

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background:

Mass incarceration, the dramatic increase in incarcerated people over the past four decades, disproportionately impacts Black, Brown, Indigenous, and low-income communities in the United States. The health impacts of imprisonment in the U.S. are well documented (increased risk for chronic health disorders and mortality). However, public health professionals have only recently recognized the relationship between the prison industrial complex and environmental justice issues.

Methods:

Through a mini-literature review of the experiences of prisoners across the nation, this presentation will examine the location of prisons, exposure to environmental hazards in prisons, and pollution from prisons as key pathways by which …

2022 Zero Suicide Implementation In Oregon: Cross‐Site Follow‐Up Change Report, Karen Cellarius, Aliza Tuttle

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

This implementation self‐assessment and the accompanying web survey were adapted for the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) by Portland State University in collaboration with the OHA Youth Suicide Prevention staff. The assessment was adapted from three existing Zero Suicide resources available at http://zerosuicide.org/.

The Organizational Self‐Study is a questionnaire about the extent to which each component of the Zero Suicide approach is in place at a single organization. Zero Suicide recommends completing this self‐study at the start of an organization’s Zero Suicide initiative, then every 12 months after that as a measure of fidelity to the model. The self‐study questions …

Concerns About Safety Of Minorities In The Collection Of Sogi Data, Kieran Chase, Alexis Dinno

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This is a position paper concerning the ethics of routine collection of SOGI demographic data, with particular attention paid to erasure and the closet. We hope that the Health Authority will use the perspective presented here to respond to concerns around the safety of individuals who disclose minority sex, minority sexual orientation, or minority gender status. We are epidemiologists with history working on issues of queer demography and social policy. We have both collaborated with OHA’s Office for Equity and Inclusion on the development of the SOGI demographic instrument. We both occupy queer social locations and approach this work through …