Public Health Commons^™

Wet Markets And Avian Influenza: Public Policy Decisions In Hong Kong, Shawn Smallman

International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

After the emergence of H5N1 avian influenza in 1997 Hong Kong implemented a sophisticated system to regulate live poultry markets. While this system is well implemented and thorough, it also has limitations. The rise of H7N9 avian influenza (which is typically acquired through contact with poultry, including in live markets) makes this an appropriate time to revisit the ethical and practical issues related to this trade. Based on data from field observations of live markets in Hong Kong, and interviews with experts in the field, this paper recommends that the government of Hong Kong create a committee to examine the …

Analyzing Policies Through A Dohad Lens: What Can We Learn?, Julia M. Goodman, Janne Boone-Heinonen, Dawn M. Richardson, Sarah B. Andrea, Lynne C. Messer

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Social, health, and environmental policies are critical tools for providing the conditions needed for healthy populations. However, current policy analyses fall short of capturing their full potential impacts across the life course and from generation to generation. We argue that the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), a conceptual and research framework positing that early life experiences significantly affect health trajectories across the lifespan and into future generations, provides an important lens through which to analyze social policies. To illustrate this point, we synthesized evidence related to policies from three domains—family leave, nutrition, and housing—to examine the …

Age-Based Differences In The Usefulness Of Resources: A Multi-Study Investigation Of Work And Well-Being Outcomes, Lale Muazzez Yaldiz

Dissertations and Theses

The labor force is aging globally. It is projected that the number of older workers will increase in the workforce in the near future. At the same time, it is estimated that workplaces will grow more age-diverse, where younger and older workers will work side-by-side more often than they used to. These demographic shifts in the workforce necessitate a further understanding of the differences between the values, needs and motivation, and work outcomes of employees of different ages. To this end, few studies to date have investigated whether job-related resources are differentially useful for the work and non-work outcomes of …

Perceptions Of Needs, Assets, And Priorities Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men With Hiv: Community-Driven Actions And Impacts Of A Participatory Photovoice Process, Christina J. Sun, Jennifer L. Nall, Scott D. Rhodes

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Black men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV experience significant health inequities and poorer health outcomes compared with other persons with HIV. The primary aims of this study were to describe the needs, assets, and priorities of Black MSM with HIV who live in the Southern United States and identify actions to improve their health using photovoice. Photovoice, a participatory, collaborative research methodology that combines documentary photography with group discussion, was conducted with six Black MSM with HIV. From the photographs and discussions, primary themes of discrimination and rejection, lack of mental health services, coping strategies to reduce …

Lifetime Economic Burden Of Intimate Partner Violence Among U.S. Adults, Cora Peterson, Megan C. Kearns, Wendy Likamwa Mcintosh, Lianne Fuino Estefen, Christina Nicolaidis, Kathryn E. Mccollister, Amy Gordon, Curtis Florence

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: This study estimated the U.S. lifetime per-victim cost and economic burden of intimate partner violence.

Methods: Data from previous studies were combined with 2012 U.S. National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey data in a mathematical model. Intimate partner violence was defined as contact sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking victimization with related impact (e.g., missed work days). Costs included attributable impaired health, lost productivity, and criminal justice costs from the societal perspective. Mean age at first victimization was assessed as 25 years. Future costs were discounted by 3%. The main outcome measures were the mean per-victim (female and …

Associations Between Environmental Quality And Infant Mortality In The United States, 2000–2005, Achal P. Patel, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Lynne C. Messer, Christine L. Gray, Kristen M. Rappazzo

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The United States (U.S.) suffers from high infant mortality (IM) rates and there are significant racial/ethnic differences in these rates. Prior studies on the environment and infant mortality are generally limited to singular exposures. We utilize the Environmental Quality Index (EQI), a measure of cumulative environmental exposure (across air, water, land, sociodemographic, and land domains) for U.S. counties from 2000 to 2005, to investigate associations between ambient environment and IM across maternal race/ethnicity.

Methods: We linked 2000–2005 infant data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the EQI (n = 22,702,529; 144,741 deaths). We utilized multi-level …

Associations Between Environmental Quality And Adult Asthma Prevalence In Medical Claims Data, Christine L. Gray, Danelle T. Lobdell, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Yun Jian, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Lynne Messer Phd, Mph, Achal P. Patel, Stephanie A. Deflorio-Barker, Christopher Lyttle, Julian Solway, Andrey Rzhetsky

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

As of 2014, approximately 7.4% of U.S. adults had current asthma. The etiology of asthma is complex, involving genetics, behavior, and environmental factors. To explore the association between cumulative environmental quality and asthma prevalence in U.S. adults, we linked the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Quality Index (EQI) to the MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database. The EQI is a summary measure of five environmental domains (air, water, land, built, sociodemographic). We defined asthma as having at least 2 claims during the study period, 2003–2013. We used a Bayesian approach with non-informative priors, implementing mixed-effects regression modeling with a Poisson …

The Association Between Physical Inactivity And Obesity Is Modified By Five Domains Of Environmental Quality In U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study, Christine L. Gray, Lynne C. Messer, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Shannon C. Grabich, Danelle T. Lobdell

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Physical inactivity is a primary contributor to the obesity epidemic, but may be promoted or hindered by environmental factors. To examine how cumulative environmental quality may modify the inactivity-obesity relationship, we conducted a cross-sectional study by linking county-level Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data with the Environmental Quality Index (EQI), a composite measure of five environmental domains (air, water, land, built, sociodemographic) across all U.S. counties. We estimated the county-level association (N = 3,137 counties) between 2009 age-adjusted leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPIA) and 2010 age-adjusted obesity from BRFSS across EQI tertiles using multi-level linear regression, with a random intercept for …

Laboratory Diagnosis Of Neurocysticercosis (Taenia Solium), Hector H. Garcia, Seth E. O'Neal, John Noh, Sukwan Handali

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Neurocysticercosis accounts for approximately 30% of all epilepsy cases in most developing countries. The immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis is complex and strongly influenced by the course of infection, the disease burden, the cyst location, and the immune response of the host. The main approach to immunodiagnosis should thus be to evaluate whether the serological results are consistent with the diagnosis suggested by imaging. Antibody detection is performed using lentil lectin-purified parasite antigens in an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot format, while antigen detection uses a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Promising new assay configurations have been developed for the detection of both …

Quantifying Spatial Potential Access Equity In An Agent Based Simulation Model Of Buprenorphine Treatment Policy In The United States, Alexandra Elizabeth Nielsen

Dissertations and Theses

Opioid dependence and opioid related deaths are a public health problem which the United States Centers of Disease Control have declared an epidemic. While opioid agonist therapy for opioid addiction has been accepted as the most effective treatment for opioid dependence among academics, and office based buprenorphine treatment has been available in the Unites States for over 10 years, OB buprenorphine faces many barriers to widespread adoption. Empirical data on the geographic distribution of physicians able to prescribe buprenorphine and the prescribing patterns of those physicians show considerable unevenness in access and utilization of treatment services.

Federal-level policies have recently …

An Indigenous Framework Of The Cycle Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Risk And Prevention Across The Generations: Historical Trauma, Harm And Healing, Kelly Gonzales, Michelle M. Jacob, Amanda Mercier, Heather Heater, Lindsay Nall Goes Behind, Jillene Joseph, Suzie Kuerschner

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Periodic Atlas Of The Metroscape: The Geography Of Health, Joshua Ollinger, Ashley Donald, Randy Morris

Metroscape

Our ability to lead a fulfilling life and pursue our goals is largely shaped by our health. Although we experience these conditions such as illness and disabilities at a very personal level, factors outside of our control are often what determines our health. Known as the Social Determinants of Health, where we are born, work, live, and spend our lives is considered equally if not more important to our health status than medical care and personal health behaviors. As a result, certain communities and populations disproportionately experience burdens. Identifying and increasing awareness of health disparities is an essential step toward …

Quantifying Bias In Measuring Insecticide-Treated Bednet Use: Meta-Analysis Of Self-Reported Vs Objectively Measured Adherence, Paul J. Krezanoski, David R. Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are recommended for use by 3.4 billion people at risk of malaria world-wide. Policy makers rely on measurements of ITN use to optimize malaria prevention efforts. Self-reports are the most common means of assessing ITN use, but self-reports may be biased in a way that reduces their reliability as a proxy for ITN adherence. This meta-analysis compared self-reported and two methods which are more objective measures of ITN use to explore whether self-reports overestimate actual ITN adherence.

Methods A comprehensive search of electronic databases and hand searching reference lists resulted in screening 2885 records and 202 …

Equity Arguments In News Reporting On School Nutrition Policy, Liana B. Winett, Lori Dorfman, Larissa Yoshino, Laura Nixon

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: In two related studies, we examined how equity-based arguments featured in news debate over federal school nutrition policy. Methods: We conducted content analyses of national and local print and broadcast news (September 1, 2014-December 31, 2015), examining arguments rooted in appeals about equity and/or disparities. Results: Equity and/or disparities appeals appeared in 24% television, 14% national print, and 5% local print stories. Socioeconomic inequities were mentioned most; racial/ethnic inequities appeared minimally. Conclusions: Neither equity nor disparity featured prominently in this news debate over policy created to address children's nutritional inequities. When included, arguments focused on overcoming inequities' effects rather …

Harnessing Social Media To Explore Youth Social Withdrawal In Three Major Cities In China: Cross-Sectional Web Survey, Lucia Lin Liu, Tim Mh Li, Alan R. Teo, Takahiro A. Kato, Paul W.C. Wong

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Socially withdrawn youth belong to an emerging subgroup of youth who are not in employment, education, or training and who have limited social interaction intention and opportunities. The use of the internet and social media is expected to be an alternative and feasible way to reach this group of young people because of their reclusive nature.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using various social media platforms to investigate the existence of the phenomenon of youth social withdrawal in 3 major cities in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional open Web survey …

Food Insecurity, Social Networks And Symptoms Of Depression Among Men And Women In Rural Uganda: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study, Jessica M. Perkins, Viola N. Nyakato, Bernard Kakuhikire, Alexander C. Tsai, Sv Subramanian, David Bangsberg, Nicholas A. Christakis

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: To assess the association between food insecurity and depression symptom severity stratified by sex, and test for evidence of effect modification by social network characteristics.

Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. The nine-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale captured food insecurity. Five name generator questions elicited network ties. A sixteen-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression captured depression symptom severity. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between food insecurity and depression symptom severity while adjusting for potential confounders and to test for potential network moderators.

Setting: In-home survey interviews in south-western Uganda. Subjects: All adult residents …

Social Network Correlates Of Ipv Acceptance In Rural Honduras And Rural Uganda, Holly B. Shakya, Jessica M. Perkins, Margaret Traeger, Alexander C. Tsai, David Bangsberg, Bernard Kakuhikire, Nicholas A. Christakis

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

We investigated the household-level social network correlates of acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) in rural, agrarian settings of Honduras and Uganda, two low-income countries with unequal access to resources based upon gender. We collected complete social network data in each location (Honduras in 2014 and Uganda in 2012), across a diverse range of relationships, and then created a measure of household cohesion by calculating the degree to which members of a household nominated each other as important social connections. Our measure of IPV acceptance was based on 4 questions from the Demographic Health Survey to assess the conditions under …

Comparing Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender Women Who Use Grindr, Other Similar Social And Sexual Networking Apps, Or No Social And Sexual Networking Apps: Implications For Recruitment And Health Promotion, Christina J. Sun, Erin L. Sutfin, Laura H. Bachmann, Jason Stowers, Scott D. Rhodes

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: Researchers and public health professionals have increased their attention to GPS-based social and sexual networking applications (apps) tailored to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. These populations continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States; therefore, these apps, in particular Grindr, have become an important sampling venue for the recruitment of HIV-related research participants. As such, it is essential to identify differences among app users to avoid potential sampling bias. This paper seeks to identify differences in MSM and transgender women who use Grindr and those who …

Help-Seeking On Facebook Versus More Traditional Sources Of Help: Cross-Sectional Survey Of Military Veterans, Alan R. Teo, Heather E. Marsh, Samuel B.L. Liebow, Jason I. Chen, Christopher W. Forsberg, Christina Nicolaidis, Somnath Saha, Steven K. Dobscha

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The media has devoted significant attention to anecdotes of individuals who post messages on Facebook prior to suicide. However, it is unclear to what extent social media is perceived as a source of help or how it compares to other sources of potential support for mental health problems.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the degree to which military veterans with depression use social media for help-seeking in comparison to other more traditional sources of help.

Methods: Cross-sectional self-report survey of 270 adult military veterans with probable major depression. Help-seeking intentions were measured with a modified General Help-Seeking …

Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapy And The Risk Of Mortality For Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Concurrent Liver Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study, Tzung-Yi Tsai, Tsung-Hsing Hung, Hanoch Livneh, I-Hsin Lin, Ming-Chi Lu, Chia-Chou Yeh

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in Taiwan. After affected patients are diagnosed with contaminant liver cirrhosis (LC), adverse clinical outcomes, especially death, are common. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), an essential branch of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), on the mortality risk among CHB patients with contaminant LC. This longitudinal cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database to identify 1522 patients 20–70 years of age with newly diagnosed CHB with LC during 1998–2007. Among them, 508 (33.37%) had received CHM products after the onset …

Water Insecurity And Gendered Risk For Depression In Rural Uganda: A Hotspot Analysis, Christine E. Cooper-Vince, Hawk Arachy, Bernard Kakuhikire, Dagmar Vořechovská, Rumbidzai Mushavi, C. Baguma, Amy Q. Mcdonough, David R. Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:

Water insecurity is linked to depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), though it remains unclear how geospatial clustering of water insecurity in rural regions is associated with risk for depression.

Methods: We conducted a population-based survey of a rural parish in southwestern Uganda (N = 1603) to evaluate the joint geospatial clustering of water insecurity and risk for depression among men and women living in rural Uganda.

Results:

Geospatial clustering of self-reported water insecurity and depressive symptoms was found to be present among both men and women. Depression hotspots were more often observed near water insecurity hotspots among …

Gender Differences In Sexual And Reproductive Health Protective And Risk Factors Of Batswana Adolescents: Implications For Parent And Adolescent Interventions, Christina J. Sun, Esther S. Seloilwe, Mabel Magowe, Kefalotse S. Dithole, Kim S. Miller, Janet S. St. Lawrence

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa and in Botswana in particular continue to bear the brunt of the HIV epidemic. This analysis assessed gender differences among theory-based sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors in a cross-sectional sample of 228 Batswana adolescents. Incongruence between preferred and actual sources of sexual information and several important gender differences in parent-adolescent relationships, psychosocial influences, and adolescent sexual behaviors were identified. Parents were the fourth most common source of information about sex; yet, over three-quarters of adolescents preferred to have parents teach them about sex. Boys reported more positive relationships with their parents and girls …

From Research-To-Practice: An Adaptation And Dissemination Of The Compass Program For Home Care Workers, Ryan Olson, Jennifer Hess, Kelsey N. Parker, Sharon V. Thompson, Anjali Rameshbabu, Kristy Luther Rhoten, Miguel Marino

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

The COMmunity of Practice And Safety Support (COMPASS) program was developed to prevent injuries and advance the health and well-being of home care workers. The program integrates elements of peer-led social support groups with scripted team-based programs to help workers learn together, solve problems, set goals, make changes, and enrich their supportive professional network. After a successful pilot study and randomized controlled trial, COMPASS was adapted for the Oregon Home Care Commission’s training system for statewide dissemination. The adapted program included fewer total meetings (7 versus 13), an accelerated meeting schedule (every two weeks versus monthly), and a range of …

Enriching Clinical Learning Environments Through Partnerships: Academic And Practice Partnerships To Strengthen Care For Older Adults In Residential And Assisted Living Settings, Juliana Cartwright, Diana L. White

Institute on Aging Publications

This report was prepared by Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) School of Nursing and the Institute on Aging at Portland State University to describe an academic-community partnership using the Enriching Clinical Learning Environments through Partnerships (ECLEPs) model. This two-year project was conducted with 34 students in the RN-BSN program in eight assisted living (AL) communities and ElderPlace, a PACE program serving residents in assisted living and other residential settings. Quality improvement was the focus of the project. Features of the ECLEPs model include:

• An intentional partnership between academic and clinical organizations
• Relationship-based; shared decision making
• Long-term commitment between partners …

Concerning Trends In Allopathic Medical School Faculty Rank For Indigenous People: 2014–2016, Erik Brodt, Amanda Bruegl, Erin K. Thayer, M. Patrice Eiff, Kelly L. Gonzales, Carlos J. Crespo

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Trends in faculty rank according to racial and ethnic composition have not been reviewed in over a decade.

Objective: To study trends in faculty rank according to racial and ethnicity with a specific focus on Indigenous faculty, which has been understudied.

Methods: Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Faculty Administrative Management Online User System was used to study trends in race/ethnicity faculty composition and rank between 2014 and 2016, which included information on 481,753 faculty members from 141 US allopathic medical schools.

Results: The majority of medical school faculty were White, 62.4% (n = 300,642). Asian …

Opposing Effects Of Impulsivity And Mindset On Sources Of Science Self- 5 Efficacy And Stem Interest In Adolescents, Lisa K. Marriott, Leigh A. Coppola, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Jana L. Bouwma-Gearhart, Zunqiu Chen, Dara Shifrer, Alicia Feryn, Jackilen S. Shannon

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Impulsivity has been linked to academic performance in the context of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, though its influence on a wider spectrum of students remains largely unexplored, particularly in the context of STEM learning (i.e. science, technology, engineering, and math). STEM learning was hypothesized to be more challenging for impulsive students, since it requires the practice and repetition of tasks as well as concerted attention to task performance. Impulsivity was assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 2,476 students in grades 6-12. Results show impulsivity affects a larger population of students, not limited to students with learning disabilities. Impulsivity was associated …