Public Health Commons^™

Examining Fragility Of Health Systems In Afghanistan: Development And Application Of A Theoretical Framework For Fragile Health Systems, Faiza Rab

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Globally, health systems face destabilization amidst conflicts and natural disasters, adversely affecting populations' well-being. Understanding domains of health system fragility remains a gap in literature, hampering effective mitigation. In protracted conflict, Afghanistan's health system offers a crucial case for studying health system fragility. This research aimed to bridge gaps in comprehending health system fragility, with research questions:

1. What is the conceptual understanding of the fragility of health systems and its relationship with resilience, and how can it be applied in Afghanistan?

2. Did the introduction of female health workers to support Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health service delivery by …

About Dying And Death: Thanatology's Place In Medical Curriculum, Jill Dombroski

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study explored how healthcare providers engage in advance care planning and end-of-life care conversations. The research explored what shapes their understanding and the extent to which concepts from thanatology they intuitively bring in, explicitly bring in, and maybe fail to recognize. To achieve this, constructivist grounded theory (CGT) methodology guided the design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the findings, which allowed for iteration across interviews and analysis with existing theories and data in the literature. The CGT design encouraged further engagement with the literature in an ongoing iterative fashion as well as with the analysis of the data. …

Effectiveness Of Machine Learning Classifiers For Cataract Screening, Ronald Cheung

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and vision loss globally. The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare industry has been on the rise in the past few decades and machine learning (ML) classifiers have shown to be able to diagnose patients with cataracts. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of these ML classifiers for cataracts currently published in the literature. Retrieved from nine articles, the pooled sensitivity was 94.8% and the specificity was 96.0% for adult cataracts. Additionally, an economic analysis was conducted to explore the cost-effectiveness of implementing ML to …

Evaluation Of Healthcare Facilities And Services Provided For Tuberculosis And Zoonotic Tuberculosis In Kajiado County, Kenya, Joel Zhang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

There are key challenges people face due to the burden of tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and zoonotic tuberculosis (ZTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in Kenyan Maasai rural communities. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe current capacities/infrastructure for diagnosis/treatment of TB/ZTB, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in rural Kajiado, Kenya.

The Right To Repair: (Re)Building A Better Future, Jumana Labib

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

The goal of this research project was to take a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary approach to research and examine the Right to Repair movement’s progress, current repair practices, impediments, and imperatives, and the various large-scale implications (environmental, economic, social, etc.) stemming from diminished consumer freedom as a result of increased corporate greed and lack of governmental regulations with regards to repair and the environment. This poster exhibits the highlights of my general research project on the Right to Repair movement over the course of this four month internship, and aims to disseminate information about the movement to the wider public in an …

Increasing Access To Essential Surgery In Resource Restricted Settings: An Economic Analysis, Anne Zhao

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Globally, 5 billion people lack access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical, obstetric, and anaesthetic care. Increasing access to surgery saves lives, promotes economic growth, and drives equitable global development. Essential surgery includes caesarean section, laparotomy, and open fracture treatment, otherwise known as the Bellwether procedures. Thesis objectives included conducting a systematic review examining cost-effectiveness of undergoing or increasing access to Bellwether procedures in resource restricted settings and performing an economic evaluation of increasing access to caesarean section for obstructed labour compared to existing care in the South African Development Community region. Our systematic review found that Bellwether procedures were …

Impact Of Covid-19 On The Italian And American Healthcare Systems : A Comparative Assessment, Bita Pejam, Jennifer Lam

All Reports

This report aims to examine and assess the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the healthcare systems of the United States of America and Italy; two of the most heavily affected nations. Using data from December 2019 to January 2021, several consultations, and policy reviews, we identify risks and notable areas of issue in each nations’ approach to combating the virus. We focus our report particularly on the health policies and the governmental structures in place that contributed to each nations’ initial method of alleviating the impact of COVID-19. Our report compares the two healthcare systems and proposes a …

Health Systems And Health Care Management Panel, Nitin Mohan

Africa-Western Collaborations Day 2020

8 graduate student/recent graduate presentations on varying topics of health systems and health care management. Moderated by Dr. Nitin Mohan. Reporting of panel done by current GHS students of the 2021 class. Abstracts can be found under "Africa-Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts". Presenters as follows:

Gojjam Limenih, "What Are We Doing? Is Exporting Anti-Depressants the Answer to the Mental Health Needs of the Global South?"

Jean Pierre Ndayisenga et al., "Rwandan Nursing and Midwifery Faculty's Experiences of Applying Knowledge about Teaching Methodology to Practice in Academic and Clinical Settings with Students"

Mary Ndu, "A Literature Review of Barriers to Scaling …

Quality Of Antenatal Care And Its Relationship With Women’S Intended Use Of Their Anc Facility For Delivery: A National Cross-Sectional Study In Kenya, Jisoo Kim

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Maternal deaths have been one of the leading causes of deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Delivering at an institution can prevent the majority of maternal deaths in developing countries. A national cross-sectional survey of Kenya was used to determine if the quality of antenatal care (ANC) provided to women is associated with their intention to deliver at the same facility. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine this relationship. Quality of ANC variables assessed in this study were not significantly associated with women’s intention to deliver at the same facility. Mothers preferred to deliver at hospitals, rather than clinics/dispensaries. ANC …

Evidence-Informed Advocacy: Non-Profit Organizations Use Of Evidence For Policy Influence In Public Health - A Case Study Of Wash Org Uganda, Carolyne Esther Nabalema

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Nonprofit organizations play a crucial role in lobbying governments for policy changes besides engaging in direct service delivery. Improved utilization of research and other evidence in health policy and practice will help save lives and improve quality of life. This case study of WashOrg International in East Africa was informed by two major questions 1) how is evidence on water, sanitation and hygiene being used by non-profit organizations to shape policy advocacy activities 2) what kinds of internal capacity exist in WashOrg International to use water, sanitation and hygiene evidence to inform policy advocacy? Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, …