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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology
The Relationship Between Attachment Style And Attitudinal Orientation Toward Dreams, Gabrielle Contelmo
The Relationship Between Attachment Style And Attitudinal Orientation Toward Dreams, Gabrielle Contelmo
Honors Theses
Attachment research has explored many of the ways that personality styles – in the context of close interpersonal relationships – affect other psychological processes, but only recently have researchers attempted to discover whether there is a relationship between attachment and dreams. Previous studies have shown that the dreams of both anxious and avoidant individuals contain emotional and attachment-related concerns. This study explores the connection between attachment and attitudinal orientation toward dreams. Presumably, the emotional nature of dreams would lead people high in attachment anxiety to place more importance on their dreams, while people high in attachment avoidance would disengage from …
Dysfunctional Attitudes And Low Self-Esteem Mediate The Effect Of Attachment Anxiety Priming On Depression, Cassandra C. Devito
Dysfunctional Attitudes And Low Self-Esteem Mediate The Effect Of Attachment Anxiety Priming On Depression, Cassandra C. Devito
Honors Theses
Previous studies regarding the relationship between attachment anxiety and depression and the mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and self-esteem have been correlational in nature. The current study used an experimental design to look at these relationships. Attachment style was determined using a shortened version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, and then either secure attachment, anxious attachment, or a control of grocery shopping was primed by instructing participants to write about one of the three scenarios. Dysfunctional attitudes were assessed, followed by state self-esteem and then state depression. Multiple regression analyses revealed that trait attachment anxiety and the anxiety …
The Belief In A Just World And Social Dominance Orientation: Relation To Stigma Towards Mental Illness And Ensuing Behavioral Responses, Allison M. Jekogian
The Belief In A Just World And Social Dominance Orientation: Relation To Stigma Towards Mental Illness And Ensuing Behavioral Responses, Allison M. Jekogian
Honors Theses
The current study examined the extent to which individual differences predict stigma towards individuals with mental illnesses. It was hypothesized that the more an individual believes in a just world (BJW) and the higher level of social dominance orientation (SDO) one has, the greater negative stigma one will feel towards individuals suffering from mental illnesses. I further hypothesized that these individuals high in BJW and SDO would display lower levels of intention to interact with the stigmatized group in question. Participants completed an online survey, which consisted of the opinions about mental illness scale, the just world scale, the social …
Cognitive Dissonance As A Potential Mediator Of The Misinformation Effect, Nina S. Jordan
Cognitive Dissonance As A Potential Mediator Of The Misinformation Effect, Nina S. Jordan
Honors Theses
The current study was interested in examining the relationship between cognitive dissonance and susceptibility to misinformation. Participants were exposed to two emotional images; subsequently, they composed a counterattitudinal essay concerned with generating arguments in support of a tuition increase. Participants were either given a set of objective questions concerning the images or a set of misleading questions. All participants were then administered final questionnaires that contained both misleading and non-leading questions. This study hypothesized that participants in the dissonance-induced condition were likely to be more susceptible to the inclusion of misinformation during the final recall task. Findings indicated that participants …
The Effects Of Self-Monitoring & An Audience On Cognitive Dissonance, Elizabeth C. Paul
The Effects Of Self-Monitoring & An Audience On Cognitive Dissonance, Elizabeth C. Paul
Honors Theses
This study investigates the connection between self-monitoring and cognitive dissonance as moderated by the number of people present when projecting counter-attitudinal beliefs. Subjects were asked to complete Snyder’s (1974) Self-Monitoring Scale and write a counter-attitudinal essay about Union College’s academic calendar. Participants in either of the two experimental conditions- sessions run with either three (condition 2) or six (condition 3) participants— were led to believe that their essay could be chosen to be read aloud to the rest of the group. Participants in the control condition were told their essays would remain confidential. Lastly, all participants filled out a campus …
The Effects Of Death Priming And Survival Processing On Retention, Stephane Boileau
The Effects Of Death Priming And Survival Processing On Retention, Stephane Boileau
Honors Theses
In 2007, J.S Nairne, S.R Thompson and J. N. S. Pandeirada investigated the idea that memory systems might have evolved in order to help us remember fitness-relevant information, especially relevant to our own survival. They showed that retention of words rated for their relevance to survival is superior to any other deep processing condition like pleasantness, imagery, self-referential processing, and so on. Since then, many experiments have investigated this “survival processing” effect. Recently, a retention benefit for subjects being primed about thinking of their own death has also been found (Hart & Burns, 2011). I present an experiment that looks …
Theory Of Mind Temperament And Prosocial Behavior In Preschoolers, Shannon R. Funkhouser
Theory Of Mind Temperament And Prosocial Behavior In Preschoolers, Shannon R. Funkhouser
Honors Theses
Theory of mind is the ability to understand that others have thoughts, beliefs, or ideas that differ from one’s own. This study investigated the relationship between theory-of-mind and prosocial behavior in 42 preschoolers. Prosocial behavior is defined as voluntary actions intended to benefit another. The role of temperament was also examined in terms of the relationship between prosocial behavior and theory of mind. The researcher went to two preschools and administered a battery of seven theory-of-mind tasks individually to each child (Wellman & Lui, 2004). Parents completed a temperament questionnaire measuring emotionality, activity, sociability, and shyness. Teachers rated each child’s …
Disordered Eating As A Consequence Of Thin-Ideal Television: An Investigation Of Internalization And Self-Monitoring As Potential Vulnerability Factors, Arielle S. Gartenburg
Disordered Eating As A Consequence Of Thin-Ideal Television: An Investigation Of Internalization And Self-Monitoring As Potential Vulnerability Factors, Arielle S. Gartenburg
Honors Theses
This study investigated the association between television exposure and disordered eating, with an emphasis on the potential moderating effects of self-monitoring and thin-ideal internalization. Minimal research has explored the relationship between self-monitoring and eating disorders, and no previous studies have examined the correlation between self-monitoring and the thin-ideal. A sample of 116 female undergraduate students completed measures of self-monitoring, disordered eating, thin-ideal internalization, media exposure, and diet and exercise behaviors. It was hypothesized that high self-monitors, who are more attuned to social cues and appropriateness of behavior, would be more likely than low self-monitors to internalize the thin-ideal. Since thin-ideal …
The Role Of Personality On Persuasion To Exercise: Does Conscientiousness And Extraversion Moderate The Constructs Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior?, Amanda I. Samuels
The Role Of Personality On Persuasion To Exercise: Does Conscientiousness And Extraversion Moderate The Constructs Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior?, Amanda I. Samuels
Honors Theses
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a leading theoretical model used to explain the intention-behavior relationship as it relates to exercise. Even though TPB consistently explains some of the variance between intention and behavior, the rest of the variance has yet to be explained. This study investigates whether individual differences in terms of the Big Five personality dimensions, specifically, Conscientiousness and Extraversion, can account for any of the additional variance. The present research extends on past research by examining how personality relates to intention in terms of its relation to the constructs of TPB. 122 students at Union college …
Attributing Mind To Others: The Underlying Mechanism Of The Timescale Bias Effect, Kseniya Zhuzha
Attributing Mind To Others: The Underlying Mechanism Of The Timescale Bias Effect, Kseniya Zhuzha
Honors Theses
Previous research has demonstrated that, when people speculate about the minds of others, their judgments are subject to the timescale bias. People seem to attribute richer mind experience to humans whose walking speed is closer to the average human walking speed than to those whose speed is faster or slower. The present study investigated if self-projection is the underlying mechanism of the bias by examining dispositional walking speed as a potential moderator of the effect. Participants were asked to watch two videos of a human walking at slow, medium, or fast speeds and then asked to speculate about the targets' …
Self-Monitoring And Advertising: Evaluations Of Image- Versus Quality-Oriented Advertisements For Public/Private And Public Luxury/Necessity Products, Erin M. Schroth
Self-Monitoring And Advertising: Evaluations Of Image- Versus Quality-Oriented Advertisements For Public/Private And Public Luxury/Necessity Products, Erin M. Schroth
Honors Theses
High self-monitors tend to prefer image-oriented advertisements, whereas low self-monitors favor quality-oriented advertisements. Past research has found that image congruence had a stronger affect on product evaluations of high self-monitors relative to low self-monitors for public products, while this effect did not emerge for private products. Study 1 extended these findings by examining the effect of self-monitoring and public/private products on evaluations of image- versus quality-oriented advertisements. The participants were shown two sunglasses (public product) advertisements and two toilet paper (private product) advertisements; for each product, one advertisement was image-oriented and was quality-focused. The participants completed two questionnaires—one for each …
The Effect Of Animation Versus Live Action And Animal Versus Human Film Depictions On Terror Management Processes, Alyse N. Dunn
The Effect Of Animation Versus Live Action And Animal Versus Human Film Depictions On Terror Management Processes, Alyse N. Dunn
Honors Theses
In an effort to expand the scope of Terror Management Theory (TMT), the author proposed that viewing film clips involving death of non-animated and animated humans and animals would lead to an increase in worldview defense. Although worldview defense means were not statistically significantly different between conditions, there was a clear linear trend of increasing worldview defense from commercials to non-animated animals, suggesting that animation had less of an effect than live action and that individuals who watched clips of non-animated animals were most likely to exhibit an increase in worldview defense. The author's findings broaden TMT research by suggesting …
The Role Of Religious Orientation And Religious Emphasis On God Attributions, Rebecca S. Hoffenberg
The Role Of Religious Orientation And Religious Emphasis On God Attributions, Rebecca S. Hoffenberg
Honors Theses
Religion exists as one of the greatest driving forces for a person’s political beliefs and overall outlook on life. In an attempt to understand such a complex phenomenon, researchers have examined factors that influence a person’s likelihood of acquiring religious beliefs. Past research has suggested a relation to religious emphasis in the home and future religious tendencies. This present study examined the role of acquisition of religious beliefs (via religious emphasis in one’s childhood home) and religious orientation on a person’s likelihood of making god attributions. It was hypothesized that religious emphasis and intrinsic religiosity would increase a person’s likelihood …
Do Good Things Come To Those Who Wait?: The Role Of Delayed Gratification And Individual Differences In Consumer Purchasing Decisions, Rachel L. Lazarus
Do Good Things Come To Those Who Wait?: The Role Of Delayed Gratification And Individual Differences In Consumer Purchasing Decisions, Rachel L. Lazarus
Honors Theses
A common dilemma that occurs in life involves choosing between rewards available in the present and greater rewards that require willingness to wait or work (Funder & Block 1989). Delayed gratification is a learned behavior where the individual sets aside feelings of satisfaction or gratification until a pre-determined time (Hodges 2001). The current study investigates the relationship between the personality trait of self-monitoring (high vs. low), and one’s ability to delay gratification. Previous research has found a relationship between impulse buying and self-monitoring, where high self-monitors are more likely to engage in impulse buying behaviors and the opposite for low …
The Neuropsychological Effects Of Combined Physical And Mental Exercise In Schizophrenia, Maggie M. Manning
The Neuropsychological Effects Of Combined Physical And Mental Exercise In Schizophrenia, Maggie M. Manning
Honors Theses
People suffering from severe mental disorders encounter many debilitating side effects. Those diagnosed with schizophrenia face a large number of challenges each day. Not only must they endure symptoms, like hallucinations and delusions, commonly associated with the illness, but their higher-level cognitive functioning is further impaired in numerous ways. People with schizophrenia, suffering from thought disorder, battle with a pattern of disorganized thinking in which seemingly simple tasks, i.e attention and memory, are difficult. Negative symptoms include the inability to establish social relationships, and hinder their everyday experiences, including work. Their extremely sedentary lifestyle also negatively impacts engagement in other …
Public Opinions Of Schizophrenia, Amy Guiomard
Public Opinions Of Schizophrenia, Amy Guiomard
Honors Theses
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, behavior, and communication that last longer than 6 months (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The symptoms of schizophrenia are often so severe that the individual is unable to function normally in society. The resulting erratic behavior, combined with misinformation about the disorder in general, leads to the negative stigma now associated with the disorder. The research presented here evaluates public stigmatization towards schizophrenics; it also explores the similarities between behavior due to racial stereotyping and behavior based on stigmatization of schizophrenics.