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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology
The Emergence And Predictive Utility Of Early Markers Of Social Anxiety In Young Children With Fragile X Syndrome, Conner James Black
The Emergence And Predictive Utility Of Early Markers Of Social Anxiety In Young Children With Fragile X Syndrome, Conner James Black
Theses and Dissertations
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a monogenic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by elevated rates of intellectual disability, autism, and anxiety. Social anxiety affects approximately 60 percent of individuals with FXS and is cited as one of the most impairing comorbid disorders in FXS; however, little is understood about the developmental patterns of social anxiety markers in young children with FXS. The current study investigates cardiac and behavioral markers of social anxiety across the first five years of life and tests the predictive utility of these variables on social anxiety symptomatology. Participants included 80 children with FXS and 50 neurotypical controls. Participants …
Testing Models Of Context-Dependent Outcome Encoding In Reinforcement Learning, William M. Hayes Iv
Testing Models Of Context-Dependent Outcome Encoding In Reinforcement Learning, William M. Hayes Iv
Theses and Dissertations
Previous studies of reinforcement learning (RL) have established that choice outcomes are encoded in a context-dependent fashion. Several computational models have been proposed to explain context-dependent encoding, including reference point centering and range adaptation models. The former assumes that outcomes are centered around a running estimate of the average reward in each choice context, while the latter assumes that outcomes are compared to the minimum reward and then scaled by an estimate of the range of outcomes in each choice context. However, there are other computational mechanisms that can explain context dependence in RL. In the present study, a frequency …
Feasibility And Preliminary Outcomes Of A Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention (Bmbi) To Decrease Stress And Improve Well-Being In Secondary School Teachers, Alex M. Roberts
Theses and Dissertations
Teachers often experience symptoms of stress and burnout due to the chronicity of their occupational demands. These symptoms can negatively impact teachers’ coping abilities and have implications for their physical and psychological health. Research indicates that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have potential to help alleviate these symptoms of stress and burnout. Increasing numbers of MBIs for teachers have been implemented in the past five to ten years. However, few teacher-focused MBIs measure intervention feasibility and little data exist informing how to design and implement feasible MBIs in this context while simultaneously maximizing their potential positive effects. The current study examined the …
Peer Intervention With Suicidal Disclosures On Social Media: Does The Bystander Effect Play A Role?, Carissa M. Orlando
Peer Intervention With Suicidal Disclosures On Social Media: Does The Bystander Effect Play A Role?, Carissa M. Orlando
Theses and Dissertations
Suicide is an increasing public health concern in adolescents and young adults, and many individuals discuss mental health concerns with friends in lieu of professional avenues. Thus, peers can serve as valuable gatekeepers for friends experiencing suicidality. The prevalence of social networking websites means that individuals are likely to encounter suicidal disclosures on the internet, but little research has investigated if young adults possess the skills and motivation to intervene in these contexts. Additionally, there have been virtually no investigations into how the presence of other online users impacts intervention behavior—in short, if there exists a bystander effect. This study …
The Moderating Effects Of Parenting Factors And Perceived Stress On African American Adolescent Weight Related Outcomes, Colby Kipp
Theses and Dissertations
African American adolescents experience a higher prevalence of obesity than nonminorities with approximately 40% being overweight or obese. Chronic stress, both among parents and adolescents, may be important to consider when assessing the factors that influence adolescent weight status. Baseline data were collected from one hundred forty eight African American adolescents (Mage = 12.93, SD = 1.75; MBMI% = 96.7, SD = 3.90) and their caregivers (Mage = 44.5, SD = 8.6; MBMI = 37.63, SD = 8.21) enrolled in the Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss trial. Adolescents self-reported their perceptions of …
Contexts Of Recovery And Displacement: Investigating The Impact Of The 2015 South Carolina Floods Across Communities, Van Phan
Theses and Dissertations
In October 2015, South Carolina was devastated by weather complications related to hurricane Joaquin that lead to historic amounts of rainfall and flash floods that destroyed local communities and infrastructure, ultimately displacing over 400,000 people. Natural disasters are destructive and have shown to be correlated with a variety of negative outcomes, including high levels of stress and hopelessness. These effects can be even more pronounced when compounded with displacement as these victims not only have to deal with the usual consequences in the aftermath of a natural disaster, but also the stress of integrating themselves into a different community and …
Referential Indexing: The Role Of Space In Reference Processing, Cameron Smith
Referential Indexing: The Role Of Space In Reference Processing, Cameron Smith
Theses and Dissertations
A number of studies have suggested that spatial representations are used during language comprehension in a number of different paradigms (e.g. Ferreira et al., 2008; Gunter et al., 2015). These studies have largely focused on the visual modality, suggesting that people may use spatial cues in the visual environment to aid them in language comprehension. Importantly, the primary modality of spoken language is audition, which raises the question of whether the reliance on spatial information is specific to referents that are visible or at least were visible at some point. Thus, in this study, we examined whether spatial representations are …
Phonological And Orthographic Repetition Effects Across Words In Adult Skilled Sentence Reading: An Eye Movement Analysis, Ti Yan
Theses and Dissertations
Visual word recognition is central to skilled silent reading. This project investigated the situation in which two words within a sentence share phonological information. Previous eye movement reading studies have made attempts to understand how prior exposure to a word could influence the speed of recognizing another phonologically and/or orthographically similar word. Results have been accounted for by different visual word recognition models which agree on the competition among similar words in the lexicon. However, a closer inspection revealed several concerns. First, there is little direct evidence demonstrating the across-word effect in normal reading. Second, the existing work in English …
Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat: Selective Alterations In Motivation And Histological Examination Of Medium Spiny Neurons Of The Nucleus Accumbens, Michael N. Cranston
Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat: Selective Alterations In Motivation And Histological Examination Of Medium Spiny Neurons Of The Nucleus Accumbens, Michael N. Cranston
Theses and Dissertations
Motivational alterations in HIV-1+ individuals are associated with decreased performance on tasks involving frontal-subcortical circuitry and the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat was used to assess long-term HIV-1 viral protein exposure on motivated behavior using activity chambers (40x40cm) and voluntary wheel running. Adult ovariectomized female HIV-1 Tg animals (n=21) to F344 controls (n=26) were pair-housed under a 12:12 light/dark cycle. Voluntary running was measured with 34 cm-diameter running wheels for ~60 minutes/day for 3 ½ months. There were no significant differences between HIV-1 Tg and F344 control rats in voluntary wheel running during the …
Impacts Of Adolescents' Emotional And Behavioral Concerns And Social Skills On Parenting Stress, Marissa Miller
Impacts Of Adolescents' Emotional And Behavioral Concerns And Social Skills On Parenting Stress, Marissa Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Minimal literature has examined predictors of parenting stress for parents of adolescents and what may contribute to the impact of these predictors, particularly those regarding adolescent behavior. The current study sought to evaluate whether adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing behaviors significantly predicted parenting stress and whether adolescent social skills moderated the relationship. Covariates of gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were entered first into a multiple regression moderation model and followed by internalizing and externalizing behaviors, social skills, and interaction terms, respectively. The overall model explained 19 percent of the variance in parenting stress. While internalizing behaviors significantly predicted parenting stress, …