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How The Rat Turned White, Kenneth J. Shapiro
How The Rat Turned White, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
This is the first in a three-part series on the use of animals in psychological research. In it, I describe how animals got into laboratories in the first place, and their purpose and life there. In the second, I will describe animal model research, the strategy whereby psychologists' develop nonhuman animal models to study human psychopathology. In the concluding piece, I will present a critique of this enterprise, using original data I gathered. The three articles are based on a forthcoming book, Animal Models of Human Psychology: Science, Ethics, and Policy.
A Rodent For Your Thoughts: The Animal Model Strategy In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro
A Rodent For Your Thoughts: The Animal Model Strategy In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
In this second of three essays, I describe how the early modern psychologists adopted the strategy of further transforming rats and other species into models of human thought, feeling, and behavior, and, particularly, of disorders of these - in effect taking "a rodent for your thoughts." In the third essay I will provide a critique and empirically-based evaluation of animal model research. Here I indicate what the model strategy in the biomedical sciences, properly understand, is intended to achieve and how, by contrast, particular models are presented to the public and funding agencies. Finally, I describe how they are utilized …
Psychology's Use Of Animals: Current Practices And Attitudes, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Psychology's Use Of Animals: Current Practices And Attitudes, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
In this chapter, I present a psychology primer for the uninitiated, with special emphasis on psychology's uses of animals. After sketching the scope of the field generally, I review available data on present numbers and species of animals used in psychological research, level of suffering induced and current trends. I also provide several concrete examples of psychological research involving animals. Finally, the chapter concludes with a presentation of attitudes of psychologists toward animals and these practices.
Evaluation Of Animal Model Research, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Evaluation Of Animal Model Research, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
It is argued that a concept of evaluation of animal models that is broader and more useful than validation is available. Productive generativity refers to the degree to which a model furthers understanding and leads to more-effective treatment interventions. Results of the application of this novel evaluative frame to several animal models of eating disorders show that this animal-based research has not been productive. The question of the relation between clinic and animal laboratory is discussed.
The Ingrown World Of Animal Model Research In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro
The Ingrown World Of Animal Model Research In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
In the previous essay, I described the proper function of models in science as heuristic, as a way of generating hypotheses about the actual object of study. Turning to animal models in psychology, I offered a general characterization of that enterprise using sham feeding, an animal model of the eating disorder called bulimia, as an example. In this final of three essays, I offer an evaluation of this animal model strategy that largely employs the tools of social science. I close with a recommendation and a prediction.
Understanding Dogs Through Kinesthetic Empathy, Social Construction, And History, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Understanding Dogs Through Kinesthetic Empathy, Social Construction, And History, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
The term, "come into animal presence," she takes from the title of a Denise Levertov poem. The poem, which reads, in part, "What joy when the insouciant armadillo glances at us and doesn't quicken his trotting across the track into the palm bush. What is this joy?" This joy is the possibility of our being in the presence of animals for "(t)he armadillo has some intention to pursue in the palm forest." This joy, to which I invite you here, consists in dwelling in that presence, in inhabiting that intention, that armored but guileless world of the armadillo. I will …
Use Morality As Basis For Animal Treatment, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Use Morality As Basis For Animal Treatment, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
No abstract provided.
Psychology And Its Animal Subjects, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Psychology And Its Animal Subjects, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
By way of introducing Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PsyETA) to readers of the journal, I have been asked to make some comments about the organization and, from a personal point of view, to suggest some of my own positions and views.