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Examining The Efficacy Of Web-Based Quality Improvement Hand Hygiene Education In Reducing Post-Cesarean Birth Surgical Site Infection, Lilian Allen Aug 2020

Examining The Efficacy Of Web-Based Quality Improvement Hand Hygiene Education In Reducing Post-Cesarean Birth Surgical Site Infection, Lilian Allen

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Objective: This is a quality improvement project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational training initiative on hand-hygiene (HH) for health care providers in women's health department to identify learning needs, behaviors, and attitudes.

Design: A descriptive, prospective, longitudinal design, using baseline data collection points before the web-based intervention was introduced (time 0), immediately after the web-based intervention completion (time 1), one to six weeks after completion of the intervention (time 2).

Setting: A Chicagoland area tertiary care hospital.

Participants: Clinical staff of the women's care center, which included the Labor and Delivery, Mother and Baby, and …


Use Of Fiberoptic Intubation Simulation To Enhance Skill And Confidence Among Anesthesia Providers, Fredrich F. Raz, Kris Toribio Aug 2020

Use Of Fiberoptic Intubation Simulation To Enhance Skill And Confidence Among Anesthesia Providers, Fredrich F. Raz, Kris Toribio

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the usefulness of a video-recorded low-fidelity Fiber Optic (FO) intubation simulation and its effect on anesthesia providers’ confidence and skill in performing FO intubation.

Method: The study was conducted during the 2019 IANA Airway Workshop using a post-test only study design. All participants who volunteered to participate in the simulation were asked to watch a video-recorded instruction on FO intubation. Immediately after viewing the video, the participants completed a hands-on simulation while the researchers recorded their FO intubation times. Participants were allowed up to three recorded attempts.

Results: Fifty-eight participants …


An Examination Of Certified Nurse-Midwives' Attitudes And Beliefs Surrounding Breastsleeping: Implications For Advanced Nursing Practice And Education, Lucy Mueller Wiesemann Aug 2020

An Examination Of Certified Nurse-Midwives' Attitudes And Beliefs Surrounding Breastsleeping: Implications For Advanced Nursing Practice And Education, Lucy Mueller Wiesemann

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

An Examination of Certified Nurse-Midwives' Attitudes and Beliefs Surrounding Breastsleeping: Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice and Education

Lucy Mueller Wiesemann, DNP, CNM, APN, CLS; DePaul University, Chicago, IL

Abstract

Introduction: Breastsleeping, defined as cosleeping while breastfeeding, is a practice commonly employed in breastfeeding families. However, literature examining this concept, its prevalence, and related education for safe breastsleeping is scant. Provider’s attitudes surrounding breastsleeping play an essential role in practice and outcomes when caring for breastfeeding patients and families. The purpose of the study was to examine Certified Nurse-Midwives’ attitudes and beliefs surrounding breastsleeping.

Methods: An adapted 18-item Nurse Attitudes and …


Self-Management And Quality Of Life In Young Adults After Healthcare Transition, Jennifer Herbert Aug 2020

Self-Management And Quality Of Life In Young Adults After Healthcare Transition, Jennifer Herbert

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

The transition from pediatric to adult healthcare has become healthcare concern of increasing importance as more adolescents with chronic conditions survive to adulthood requiring continuing care. In order to understand the current status of healthcare transition (HCT), we identified the HCT services received by young adults, their existing healthcare self-management skills and how skills correlated with their quality of life. A correlational and retrospective cross-sectional online survey of English-speaking young adults in the United States ages 18-26 with at least one pediatrically diagnosed chronic condition was conducted August-October 2019. Participants completed a healthcare transition feedback survey, the TRANSITION-Q self-management skills …


Implementing Positive Language In Anesthesia: Utilizing The Comfort Scale, Elisabeth Prehm, Tricia Oakes Aug 2020

Implementing Positive Language In Anesthesia: Utilizing The Comfort Scale, Elisabeth Prehm, Tricia Oakes

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Implementing Positive Language in Anesthesia: Utilizing the Comfort Scale

Tricia Oakes & Elisabeth Prehm

Faculty Sponsor: Pamela Schwartz DNP, CRNA

Background

Verbal numeric pain scales (ranking pain on a scale from zero to ten) are widely utilized and taught in medicine. Evidence-based research has shown that verbal numeric comfort scales are associated with a decrease in opioid administration, improved pain perceptions, and overall better patient satisfaction .7

Objective

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of a video-based educational tool demonstrating the use of a comfort scale in the perioperative setting among Nurse Anesthesia Trainees (NATs), and …


Malignant Hyperthermia Simulation, Michael D. Quidort, Rachael K. Tse Aug 2020

Malignant Hyperthermia Simulation, Michael D. Quidort, Rachael K. Tse

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Malignant Hyperthermia Simulation

Rachael Tse, BSN, RN and Michael Quidort, BSN, RN

Faculty Sponsor: Anne Sauri, CRNA, DNP and Julia Feczko, CRNA, DNP

Background: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening condition in which survival is highly dependent on early recognition and prompt treatment. The purpose of this DNP project was to examine the impact of an in vivo high-fidelity malignant hyperthermia simulation on CRNA confidence in crisis management.

Objectives: Does a high-fidelity simulation training exercise improve CRNAs’ confidence in identifying signs and symptoms during a MH crisis? Does a simulation-based training exercise improve CRNAs’ confidence in the management of a …


The Effects Of Guided Meditation On The Stress Levels Of Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Olivia Nassoiy, Abigail Hadley Aug 2020

The Effects Of Guided Meditation On The Stress Levels Of Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Olivia Nassoiy, Abigail Hadley

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists (SRNAs) cope with both academic and clinical stressors which can lead to an increase in stress, anxiety and depression. 1 The literature demonstrates that guided meditation is a useful tool that can be integrated into daily life to help decrease stress and improve well-being. 2

Objectives: The purpose of this DNP project was to describe the level of stress among SRNAs and examine the relationship between a guided meditation intervention and self-reported stress, depression, wellness, and self-efficacy among second year SRNAs.

Method: The participants were second year anesthesia students attending NorthShore University School of Nurse …


Evaluation Of Health And Wellness Education Components, Modalities And Timing On Srna Self Efficacy And Coping, Jessica Rogers, Amanda Hemple Aug 2020

Evaluation Of Health And Wellness Education Components, Modalities And Timing On Srna Self Efficacy And Coping, Jessica Rogers, Amanda Hemple

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Health and wellness education is touted as a tool for improved self-efficacy and coping for student registered nurse anesthetists but the details of the effectiveness remain unclear. Objectives: Evaluate effects of content, modalities and timing of health and wellness education on the self efficacy and coping mechanisms of students in a nurse anesthesia training program. Method: Survey responses from 159 participants were collected online. Participants identified their General Self-Efficacy Score (GSE), Brief COPE score, average daily stress, health and wellness education components and the timing and modalities in which they were delivered, and if they assessed their education as …


Crnas And Sugammadex Use: A Qualitative Analysis, Natalia Izquierdo Bsn, Rn, Emily Mancewicz Bsn, Rn Aug 2020

Crnas And Sugammadex Use: A Qualitative Analysis, Natalia Izquierdo Bsn, Rn, Emily Mancewicz Bsn, Rn

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: The availability of Sugammadex has increased options for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists’ (CRNAs) and their choice of neuromuscular reversal agents, however administration is impacted by a variety of provider and institutional factors.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the personal and institutional factors impacting the use of Sugammadex in Illinois by CRNAs.

Method: A qualitative study design using an open-ended survey yielded 209 responses. The three main themes that emerged were 1) Why CRNAs choose to use or avoid Sugammadex 2) How CRNAs dose Sugammadex and 3) Practice variations existing within the clinical setting. …


Item Bank Development And Testing Of The Perioperative Non-Opioid Modalities (Pnom) Questionnaire: A Pilot Study, Austin Tucker Rn, Bsn, Dnp(C), James Wong Rn, Bsn, Dnp(C) Aug 2020

Item Bank Development And Testing Of The Perioperative Non-Opioid Modalities (Pnom) Questionnaire: A Pilot Study, Austin Tucker Rn, Bsn, Dnp(C), James Wong Rn, Bsn, Dnp(C)

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: There are validated tools available to identify surgical patients at risk of persistent opioid use, as well as protocols to decrease perioperative opioid use. However, there are no validated tools to assess the barriers and facilitators to using non-opioid modalities for the treatment of perioperative pain.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop the item bank for a new instrument entitled the Perioperative Non-Opioid Modalities (PNOM) questionnaire and examine its initial psychometric properties. The PNOM was designed to examine the barriers, moderators, and facilitators surrounding the nurse anesthetists' use of non-opioid modalities for the treatment of …


Correlation Of Mobile Device Application Use During Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist Training And First Time Nce Pass Rates, Morgan Lewis, Garrett Sawyer Aug 2020

Correlation Of Mobile Device Application Use During Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist Training And First Time Nce Pass Rates, Morgan Lewis, Garrett Sawyer

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

No abstract provided.


Medical Cannabis: Knowledge, Beliefs And Attitudes Of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Adam Conlon Aug 2020

Medical Cannabis: Knowledge, Beliefs And Attitudes Of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Adam Conlon

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Medical Cannabis: Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists

Student:Adam Conlon RN, BSN

Faculty Sponsor: Kathryn Coletto DNP, CRNA, APN

Abstract Patients who require anesthesia may have a history of using medical cannabis (MC). Illinois has had a MC program since 2013 and legalized recreational use on January 1, 2020. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) and Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists (SRNAs) in Illinois need to be adept at discussing MC with their patients and understand how this class of medication affects anesthesia. Multi-modal approaches to control pain are becoming the standard of care inside and outside of the …


Impact Of Implementing Delirium Precautions On Pharmacological And Non-Pharmacological Interventions In A Veteran Inpatient Hospice Population, Zoe Palisoc, Kevin Bacigalupo, Emily Ellsworth, Seema Limaye, Kavita Palla, Katie J. Suda, Joyce M. Wang Aug 2020

Impact Of Implementing Delirium Precautions On Pharmacological And Non-Pharmacological Interventions In A Veteran Inpatient Hospice Population, Zoe Palisoc, Kevin Bacigalupo, Emily Ellsworth, Seema Limaye, Kavita Palla, Katie J. Suda, Joyce M. Wang

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Retrospective Study from July 2017 thru January 2019 on United States veteran admitted to Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Medical Center's inpatient hospice unit who developed terminal delirium on their last days of life.


Improved Representation And Effective Communication Positively Impact The Nursing Education Experience Of Male Student And Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Max Bader, John Gockman Aug 2020

Improved Representation And Effective Communication Positively Impact The Nursing Education Experience Of Male Student And Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Max Bader, John Gockman

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

The purpose of this study was to investigate past experiences with gender barriers among male student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs) and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) in their educational and professional careers. Men have been underrepresented in the nursing profession in modern history. To date, no research has been conducted on the gender barriers faced by men in nurse anesthesia. This is a descriptive, quantitative study using a survey methodology. Student and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists who are members of the Illinois Association of Nurse Anesthetists (IANA) were recruited via email and voluntarily completed the web-based Inventory of Male Friendliness …


Intraoperative Management Of Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drains: A Reference Tool, Victoria Shink, Amanda Galik Aug 2020

Intraoperative Management Of Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drains: A Reference Tool, Victoria Shink, Amanda Galik

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

No abstract provided.


Crna Clinical Instructors Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes And Practices On Pimping In Srna Clinical Education, Ross Phillips Aug 2020

Crna Clinical Instructors Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes And Practices On Pimping In Srna Clinical Education, Ross Phillips

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

No abstract provided.


Improving Care For Homeless Young Adults: A Shelter Client And Health Service Provider Perspective, Kenya Kawanee Hemingway Aug 2020

Improving Care For Homeless Young Adults: A Shelter Client And Health Service Provider Perspective, Kenya Kawanee Hemingway

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

The purpose of this study was to determine if the healthcare needs of homeless young adults from the client, shelter staff, and shelter healthcare provider’s perspectives. Data was collected via focus group with homeless unaccompanied young adults (n=4), and an online survey with shelter staff and healthcare staff (n=8) of The Night Ministry (TNM) and Ignite Promise. The focus group was recorded, transcribed, and coded for themes. Inductive analysis revealed themes focused on improving the quality of services provided. Based on the findings, recommendations include assessing the needs of homeless unaccompanied young adults from their perspective utilizing larger sample sizes, …


The Critical Role Of Nursing Assessment In Clinical Outcomes Of Acute Compartment Syndrome: An Integrative Literature Review, Sedona Dowd Aug 2019

The Critical Role Of Nursing Assessment In Clinical Outcomes Of Acute Compartment Syndrome: An Integrative Literature Review, Sedona Dowd

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

The Critical Role of Nursing Assessment in Clinical Outcomes of

Acute Compartment Syndrome: An Integrative Literature Review

Sedona Dowd, MS

Faculty Sponsor: Elizabeth Hartman, PhD, RN

Abstract

Background: Nurses play a critical role in assessing for acute compartment syndrome. Despite the improvements made in diagnosing and treating patients with this potentially deadly situation, as well as an increased awareness of ACS, nurses are falling short when required to display knowledge and identify patients with the syndrome. Along with identifying at-risk patients for developing ACS, nurses can aide the clinical diagnosis of ACS through diligent assessment.

Objectives: To use current …


Effectively Enhancing Health Resilience In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrative Literature Review, Shelbi Steele Aug 2019

Effectively Enhancing Health Resilience In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrative Literature Review, Shelbi Steele

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Effectively Enhancing Health Resilience in Adolescents

with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrative Literature Review

Shelbi Steele, MS

Faculty Sponsor: Elizabeth Hartman, PhD, RN

Background: Several studies suggest that adolescence is a particularly difficult time for diabetes management because of the drive for independence, the search for acceptance and the complexity of the disease. Lack of health management increases the risk for diabetes – related complications in adulthood.

Objectives: To explore what research has been conducted regarding factors that enhance resilience among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to recommend incorporation of these factors within direct nursing care to …


The Role Of Nursing In Fertility Preservation Of Cancer Patients: An Integrated Literature Review, Alexis Shanahan Aug 2019

The Role Of Nursing In Fertility Preservation Of Cancer Patients: An Integrated Literature Review, Alexis Shanahan

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Approximately 70,000 young people between the ages of 15 and 39 are diagnosed with cancer in the United States. Concurrently, ideal child bearing ages also fall within this age range. With this in mind, post treatment quality of life is considered. One of the most important aspects of post cancer treatment is preservation of fertility.

Objectives: To explore what research has been conducted to understand what the nurse’s role in fertility preservation of cancer patients.

Methods: An electronic search of literature was conducted using Academic Search Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Health Literature (CINAHL), and …


Effective Pain Assessment Conducted By Nursing For Developmentally Disabled Clients: An Integrative Literature Review, Rebecca Silverman Aug 2019

Effective Pain Assessment Conducted By Nursing For Developmentally Disabled Clients: An Integrative Literature Review, Rebecca Silverman

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) cannot be cared for in the same way that typically developed individuals are cared for, especially when it comes to pain assessment. Self-report is currently the gold standard for pain assessment, making it difficult for nurses to manage the pain of individuals who cannot self-report. Techniques and strategies must be altered to provide effective care for developmentally impaired individuals to ensure their pain is not left untreated.

Objectives: To examine current methods of pain assessment for clients with cognitive and developmental disabilities in the hospital setting. This will help determine promising …


Postpartum Depression In Women Whose Babies Were Admitted To The Nicu: An Integrative Literature Review, Tara Winkelmann Aug 2019

Postpartum Depression In Women Whose Babies Were Admitted To The Nicu: An Integrative Literature Review, Tara Winkelmann

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Postpartum depression is a major depressive disorder that can occur anytime during pregnancy and for up to a few weeks after giving birth. Postpartum depression affects a significant proportion of women who have given birth, regardless of the birth outcomes. Mothers who had their babies admitted into the NICU face a different postpartum experience than mothers who had healthy babies, which increases their risk for developing postpartum depression.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine if women whose babies were admitted to the NICU were at a higher risk for developing postpartum depression, and how depression screenings …


The Effects Of Creative Arts Therapies On The Traumatic Stress Symptoms Of Refugee Minors, Nhu Do Aug 2019

The Effects Of Creative Arts Therapies On The Traumatic Stress Symptoms Of Refugee Minors, Nhu Do

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background:

The experiences of refugees are often characterized by traumatic stressors including loss and violence. Minors of these target populations are particularly sensitive to traumatic stress due to the nature of their developmental state. Currently, there is a lack of evidence-based research on the efficacy of Creative Arts Therapies (CATs) as interventions to reduce traumatic stress symptoms of refugee minors.

Study Purpose:

The purpose of this integrative literature review is to evaluate the current research to determine the efficacy of CATs as therapeutic interventions for refugee minors by comparing their traumatic stress symptoms before and after participating in CATs interventions. …


Barriers Contributing To The Increased Maternal Mortality Rate In African-American Women: An Integrative Literature Review, Taylor Looper Aug 2019

Barriers Contributing To The Increased Maternal Mortality Rate In African-American Women: An Integrative Literature Review, Taylor Looper

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: In the United States African-American women are three to four more times likely to experience pregnancy related deaths than other women. Despite this fact, few studies have been conducted to explore barriers contributing to the increased maternal mortality rate in African-American women.

Purpose of Study: The purpose of this integrative literature review is to understand the implications that barriers to and lack of prenatal care have on maternal mortality amongst African-American women, as well as how patient-provider relationships affect the maternal mortality rate.

Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted to review existing peer-reviewed articles regarding the topic …


The Impact Of Holistic Healing On Breast Cancer Patients, Arielle Walker Aug 2019

The Impact Of Holistic Healing On Breast Cancer Patients, Arielle Walker

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

The Impact of Holistic Healing on Breast Cancer Patients

Arielle Walker

Abstract

Background: As a nurse, it is important to encompass the holistic needs of breast cancer patients to provide more supportive care throughout their quest to optimal health and wellness. Holistic healing is the art and science of incorporating not only the physical wellness of patients, but also the emotional, spiritual, nutritional, and environmental lifestyle elements of each individual to deliver high-quality care.

Objective: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to discuss the positive impact of holistic healing on breast cancer patients, related to the way that …


Help-Seeking Barriers Amongst Hispanic Women With Postpartum Depression, Daisy Lopez Arroyo Aug 2019

Help-Seeking Barriers Amongst Hispanic Women With Postpartum Depression, Daisy Lopez Arroyo

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Help-Seeking Barriers Amongst Hispanic Women with Postpartum Depression

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD), although dangerous for the mother and the child, is not often acknowledged by the Hispanic community. Due to this, there is a limited amount of research investigating the impact of PPD in Hispanic women. However, considering the detrimental effects of PPD on women, it is important to analyze the barriers that impede Hispanic women from seeking professional medical attention for their symptoms. This is especially true considering that the Hispanic population are the largest minority group in the United States and are accounting for a large portion …


Caregiver Burden In Caregivers Of Patients With Alzheimer's: Interventions And Influence Of Relationship Roles And Gender, Stephanie Rutila Aug 2019

Caregiver Burden In Caregivers Of Patients With Alzheimer's: Interventions And Influence Of Relationship Roles And Gender, Stephanie Rutila

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: Caregiver burden in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease can cause negative emotional, social, and physical effects on caregivers and impact their quality of life.

Objectives: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to determine which interventions are most effective in alleviating caregiver burden. This review also compared the degree of caregiver burden among gender (male vs. female) and family roles (adult-child vs. spouse) to determine how these differences may affect interventions.

Method: An integrative literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsychInfo. Search terms included …


Advancing Transgender Health Care Curriculum Into Depaul University's School Of Nursing: An Integrative Literature Review, Israel Ferandos Aug 2019

Advancing Transgender Health Care Curriculum Into Depaul University's School Of Nursing: An Integrative Literature Review, Israel Ferandos

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) group, transgender individuals are the most vulnerable, discriminated against, and underserved individuals. The unique and complex health needs of transgender individuals are pressing concerns in the healthcare field. Currently, there is a dearth in nursing curriculum regarding basic care towards transgender patients resulting to nursing students having poor knowledge and unprepared to take care for transgender patients. Method: Integrative literature review using five peer-reviewed articles. Results: Studies emphasized that nursing students have limited knowledge on LGBT issues, particularly transgender health. Topics taught about transgender health involve clinical care for gender-reassignment, psychosocial …


Sex-Education And Safe-Sex Compliance For Gay Men Prescribed Truvada: An Integrative Literature Review, Donald Pette Aug 2019

Sex-Education And Safe-Sex Compliance For Gay Men Prescribed Truvada: An Integrative Literature Review, Donald Pette

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: In 2012, PrEP (Truvada), a once daily, fixed dose antiretroviral drug and of one the first HIV prophylactic drugs, was approved by the FDA. However, many gay male patients still engage in risky sexual practices after being prescribed PrEP.

Objectives:The purpose of this study is to explore what factors, after being prescribed PrEP (Truvada), prevent gay male patients from participating in safe-sex practices.

Method: An integrative literature review was performed using PsychInfo, ProQuest, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL) Complete. Search strategy included combinations of the terms: Truvada, PrEP, HIV OR AIDS, Education, LGBT, …


Prison And Its Effects On The Health Outcomes Of Hiv Positive Black Men Post Incarceration, Samuel Gaines Aug 2019

Prison And Its Effects On The Health Outcomes Of Hiv Positive Black Men Post Incarceration, Samuel Gaines

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Prison and its Effects on the Health Outcomes of HIV Positive Black Men Post Incarceration

Samuel T. Gaines

Faculty Sponsor: Young-Me Lee, PhD, RN

Background: With an estimation that one in three Black men will be incarcerated in their lifetime and that incarcerated Black men are five times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV than their white counterparts, there is little information as to what factors affect their health outcomes post-incarceration.

Objectives: The purpose of this literature review is to use current research to explore the factors affecting the negative health outcomes of HIV positive African American men post-incarceration. …