Nanotechnology Commons^™

Folic Acid–Carbon Dot–Gemcitabine Nanoparticles For Targeted Cancer Drug Delivery, Irfan Huda, Hua Mei

SPARK Symposium Presentations

This project aims to develop a folic acid-attached carbon dot nanoparticle system (FA-CDs-GEM) for the targeted delivery of gemcitabine to cancer cells. While gemcitabine is widely used, its effectiveness is limited because a short in vivo half life and lack of selectivity, which lead to severe side effects. Carbon dots offer a simple and modifiable platform as the drug delivery and bioimaging agent. Conjugation of folic acid to the carbon dots enables selective targeting of cancer cells that overexpress folate receptors. In this study, we synthesized and characterized FA-CD-GEM nanoparticles and developed an HPLC calibration curve of GEM to accurately …

Monosaccharide Binding To Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptor Microarrays, Milan A. Shlain

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Chapter 1: A glycan detection platform comprised of synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) immobilized onto polymer brushes was prepared. SCR043, an alkene-containing SCR, was incorporated into grafted-from polymer brushes using hypersurface photolithography, resulting in microarrays of SCR043-functionalized polymer brushes, where brush height (h) and SCR grafting density (Γ) is controlled precisely at each feature in the array. The influence of h and Γ on the binding to five fluorescently labelled monosaccharides – α-glucose (α-Gluc-FL), α-galactose (α-Gal-FL), α-mannose (α-Man-FL), β-glucose (β-Gluc-FL), and β-galactose (β-Gal-FL) – in aqueous buffer …

Absolute Quantification And Identification Of Rna From Rna-Lipid Nanoparticles Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Jason C. Funderburk, Yasir A. Alshehry, Matthew S. Halquist Phd, Sandro R.P. Da Rocha Phd

Graduate Research Posters

Background

RNA therapeutics are a rising drug category with potential use for a range of conditions encompassing infectious diseases to therapies for cancer, diseases, and genetic disorders. RNA-lipid nanoparticles (RNA-LNPs) are the prominent delivery method for these therapeutics approved products include mRNA vaccines and polyneuropathy treatments. The emergency use authorizations and orphan drug status of current RNA-LNP drugs has allowed approval without finalization of the regulatory analytical procedures for quality monitoring. The objective of the study was to develop an LC-MS assay to simultaneously measure identity and concentration of two therapeutically relevant intact RNA constructs extracted from RNA-LNPs to enhance …

Absolute Quantification And Identification Of Rna From Rna-Lipid Nanoparticles Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Jason C. Funderburk

Theses and Dissertations

RNA therapeutics are a rising drug category with potential use for a range of conditions encompassing infectious diseases to therapies for cancer, diseases, and genetic disorders. RNA-lipid nanoparticles (RNA-LNPs) are the prominent delivery method for these therapeutics approved products include mRNA vaccines and polyneuropathy treatments. The emergency use authorizations and orphan drug status of current RNA-LNP drugs has allowed approval without finalization of the regulatory analytical procedures for quality monitoring. The objective of the study was to develop an LC-MS assay to simultaneously measure identity and concentration of two therapeutically relevant intact RNA constructs extracted from RNA-LNPs to enhance quality …

Assessment Of Polymeric Chloroquine Formulations For Targeted Therapy Of Ulcerative Colitis And Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Neha Kumari

Theses & Dissertations

Effective targeted drug delivery is a critical unmet need in the management of both ulcerative colitis and metastatic colorectal cancer, where conventional systemic therapies may be hindered by suboptimal efficacy and significant side effects. This thesis explores the development and preclinical assessment of polymeric chloroquine (PCQ)-based nanotherapeutics, leveraging stimuli-responsive designs for disease-specific delivery and action.

For ulcerative colitis, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanogel system was engineered to release PCQ, a macromolecular derivative of hydroxychloroquine, specifically in the inflamed areas within the colon. Nanogels with well-defined size and positive surface charge were synthesized via reversible fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization …

Selenium Nanoparticles As Versatile Delivery Tools, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Rajesh Vadlapatla, Ajoy Koomer, Kyle Yep, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have emerged as promising metal-based nanoparticles for drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties, intrinsic bioactivity, and biocompatibility. SeNPs offer a lower toxicity, higher bioavailability, and flexibility to be customized for surface chemistry compared to traditional selenium compounds. Advances in synthetic strategies, including chemical reduction, green biosynthesis, and surface functionalization with polymers, peptides, or ligands, have improved their stability, targeting capability, and circulation time. SeNP-based systems have demonstrated unique anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, as they can function as drug carriers and active therapeutic agents. The surface of SeNPs has been functionalized with ligands such as …

Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oil-Based Microdroplets: A Promising Novel Class Of Microdroplets, Ramiz S. Alejilat

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Droplet-based microfluidics has rapidly advanced numerous fields, including chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, food science, and cosmetics. In these systems, fluorocarbon oil combined with fluorinated surfactants is the preferred medium for fluid encapsulation, offering exceptional stability and biocompatibility essential for sensitive biological and chemical processes. However, growing concerns about the environmental and biological risks associated with fluorinated chemicals have prompted a search for alternatives.

This study is the first to explore the use of unsaturated fatty acids derived from emu oil for microdroplet formation. We characterized droplet formation based on flow rates and the presence non-fluorinated surfactant at a certain …

Synthesis Of Antibody Functionalized Polyaniline/Polystyrene/N-Gqds Composite Fibermats For Sweat Based Cortisol Biosensing Applications, Ashwin James

Honors Theses

Noninvasive, wearable biosensors capable of detecting stress biomarkers in sweat require electrodes that are flexible, conductive, insoluble in water, and highly sensitive at low concentrations of analyte. In this work, bovine serum albumin blocked and anti-cmab immobilized nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots integrated polyaniline/polystyrene composite fibermat electrodes (BSA/Anti-Cmab/N-GQDs/PANI/PS electrodes) were synthesized and evaluated as a potential platform for an electrochemical cortisol biosensor in sweat based systems. Polyaniline was utilized in order to provide electrical conductivity, while polystyrene served as a carrying polymer for mechanical support and its hydrophobicity. Composite fibermats were manufactured through Forcespinning™, followed by a secondary polyaniline graft …

Non-Invasive Detection Of Choroidal Melanoma Via Tear-Derived Protein Corona On Gold Nanoparticles: A Machine Learning Approach, Hakimeh Rakhshandeh, Ahmad Nasiraei, Hamid Riazi-Esfahani, Babak Masoomian, Fariba Ghassemi, Mojtaba Arjmand, Saeed Heidari Keshel, Fatemeh Atyabi, Rassoul Dinarvand

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

This study investigates the feasibility of using tear sample analysis, based on protein corona formation on gold nanoparticles combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and machine learning techniques, as a non-invasive approach for the detection of choroidal melanoma. The aim is to assess whether protein-nanoparticle interactions can support early and reliable identification of this ocular condition. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips from six healthy individuals and six patients diagnosed with choroidal melanoma, with subsequent augmentation to 18 samples per group. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, ~ 20 nm) were synthesized via citrate reduction and incubated with tear samples to …

Stabilization Of Argan Oil Nanoemulsions Using Chitosan Extracted From Pink Shrimp Shells, Yousra Mdarhri, Ikram Bouziane, Ilyace Korodowou, Narjisse Mokhtari, Lama Rissouli, Fakhita Touhami, Mohamed Chabbi, Ahmed Touhami

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

This study investigates the use of chitosan, extracted from pink shrimp shells, as a stabilizer for argan oil nanoemulsions. Chitosan was obtained through demineralization, deproteination, bleaching, deacetylation, and purification, then characterized through potentiometric titration, viscometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and purity assessments. The resulting chitosan was used to stabilize nanoemulsions formulated with extra-virgin argan oil and a nonionic surfactant using the phase inversion composition (PIC) method. The stability of the nanoemulsion was assessed through light scattering, zeta potential, viscosity, and pH measurements. The extracted chitosan exhibited high purity, a deacetylation degree of 88.34%, a molecular weight of …

Evaluating Lidar Technology In Iphone Mobiles For 2d Mapping Applications, Nasr Mohammady Saba, Salem Salama Saleh

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology has revolutionized mapping applications, offering enhanced precision and accuracy in spatial data collection. The integration of LiDAR technology in the latest iPhone models, beginning with the iPhone 12 Pro, has introduced new capabilities for 2D data measurement and plan creation directly on the mobile device. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max models support LiDAR techniques within their mobile phone cameras, enhancing the performance of various applications such as Measurements and Photos. LiDAR operates by emitting pulsed light waves into the surrounding space, which bounce off nearby objects and return to the …

Experimental And Numerical Investigation For Optimum Design Of Hydraulic Steel Gates, Basma Hassan Mohamed Eng, Ahmed Mohamed Anwer Dr, Hanan Eltobgy Prof., Gamal Helmy El-Saeed Prof

Journal of Engineering Research

Conventionally, steel gates are widely used in hydraulic structures for their superior mechanical properties in sustaining hydrostatic pressure. Maintenance and operational costs should be considered while studying the feasibility of these gates. In the current research, three prototype steel gates with different configurations were prepared and examined experimentally. The three gates have the same surface dimensions of (width x height) equal to (1.0 x 1.25 m). The first steel gate represents a typical traditional gate made of skin plate and stiffened laterally using standard steel channels and will be kept for comparison. The second gate represents a standard thicker plate …

Performance And Emissions Characteristics Of Multi-Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled With Diesel/Biodiesel And Toluene Additives, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr. Eng., Mohammed Osama Elsamadony Dr. Eng., Moustafa Ghazaly Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

This study explores the impact of using a diesel, biodiesel, and toluene additive fuel blend in a multi-cylinder direct injection diesel engine, focusing on both performance and emissions characteristics. Biodiesel, made from renewable sources like vegetable oils, is often added to diesel to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and improve combustion due to its higher oxygen content. In this work, a 45% biodiesel blend (B45) led to significant reductions in particulate matter (PM) emissions by up to 40% compared to conventional diesel. Additionally, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by up to 30% and 25%, respectively, due to …

Effect Of Dual-Fuelled Cng And Gasoline On Spark Ignition Engine Performance And Emissions Behaviors At Different Loads, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., M.M. Bassuoni Prof. Dr., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Saied I. Haiba Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

Engine emissions are one of numerous factors that have detrimentally affected the environment, such as global warming, which is the result of growing exhaust gases, practically carbon dioxide (CO2). These emissions have substantially influenced researchers to develop strategic initiatives to minimize the carbon contents of fuels. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of internal combustion (SI) engines fueled by gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) blends. The experiments are performed using a HONDA 4-stroke, single-cylinder, and air-cooled SI engine. Five CNG concentrations are evaluated, the concentrations range from 0.5 to 2.5 L/min with a 0.5 L/min …

A Quantitative Analysis Of The Commercial-Additive Effects On Diesel Engine Combustion And Emissions Characteristics, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr. Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi Prof. Dr. Eng., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Mahmoud Mohamed Soliman Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud Soliman

Journal of Engineering Research

Petroleum fuel prices fluctuate in response to global political and economic issues. Government regulations should be followed when it comes to engine emissions, as these dangerous pollutants have a negative impact on the environment. One such effect is global warming, which raises global temperatures. The purpose of this study is to develop the additives for use as a fuel mix with diesel fuel, which will be used to feed the diesel engine of a single cylinder, four strokes. The engine will be tested experimentally with varying loads at fixed speed of 1500 rpm, using blends of [(5% PRETSONE additive + …

Design And Implementation Of A Low-Cost Educa-Tional Robot For Engineering Curriculums, Diana Refaat Henry Jacob, Ashraf Mohamed Hafez, Mohamed Tarek Elawa

Journal of Engineering Research

The role of educational robots is becoming increasingly important. Many commercial educational robots differ in their abilities and price. In general, the cost of these robots presents the main cause of their limited use in the teaching process, especially in countries with limited financial resources. This work attempts to solve this problem by designing and implementing an educational robot with a limited budget. The robot was initially intended to serve higher education students' needs, especially in engineering curriculums but can be extended to other application areas. This work presents robot hardware functional blocks, mechanical struc-ture design, and 3D printing implementation. …

A Greening The Diesel: Vegetable Oil Biodiesel Blends For Cleaner Emissions And Improved Direct Injection Diesel Engine Performance, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Mustafa Mohamed Ouda

Journal of Engineering Research

In this study, we conducted comprehensive experiments to assess and compare the performance of pure diesel fuel against biodiesel produced from corn oil in various blend ratios (15/85, 30/70, 45/55, and 60/40) in a conventional four-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine, fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke, allowing for efficient combustion and power generation over four distinct phases: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Each fuel blend was tested at an engine speed of 16,000 rpm across different load conditions (low, medium, and high). Key performance metrics, including volumetric fuel consumption, exhaust smoke, and …

Development And Characterization Of Polysaccharide-Based Controlled Drug Delivery Platforms, Amanda Pepler

Open Access Dissertations

Drug delivery research focuses on overcoming challenges in patient treatment. Most therapeutics are delivered systemically through oral or intravenous routes. However, these administration methods are often inefficient due to therapeutic hydrophobicity, poor bioavailability, and liver metabolic clearance, necessitating frequent dosing. When treatment plans require frequent dosing, patients experience significant fluctuations in therapeutic concentration in the bloodstream, which can increase adverse side effects. These factors contribute to low patient compliance. Therefore, the core focus of drug delivery research is to develop new administration routes for therapeutics. Drug delivery systems (DDS) that can target therapeutics to a localized region offer advantages over …

Biomechanics Of The Atherosclerotic Lipidome: (Un)Expected Statin Interactions And Membrane Remodelling, Ethan M. Fong

Pomona Senior Theses

Statins interact with lipid membranes in ways that shape their pharmacokinetics, off-target effects, and pleiotropic actions, yet these interactions' mechanical and biophysical consequences remain poorly understood. This thesis employs a combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and rheological modelling to characterize how representative statins intercalate within biomimetic supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of healthy and diseased composition. SPR reveals that lipophilic statins exhibit higher apparent affinities and slower dissociation kinetics, especially in cholesterol- and anionic lipid-rich membranes. QCM-D analyses demonstrate that statins alter membrane mass, dissipation, and interfacial stiffness in a statin- and membrane-dependent …

Explorations Of Dna-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Interactions To Develop Multiplexed Molecularly Specific Biosensors For Inflammation, Amelia K. Ryan

Dissertations and Theses

Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) are central regulators of immune signaling and key biomarkers of disease, yet existing assays for their detection remain slow, invasive, and lack multiplexing ability. This dissertation advances the development of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) optical nanosensors capable of real-time, multiplexed, and molecularly specific cytokine detection through innovative use of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) interfaces.

First, an IL-6-specific DNA aptamer was employed as both a dispersing agent and recognition probe for SWCNT fluorescence sensing. Sequence modifications, including anchor domains, truncations, and thermally induced refolding, were systematically tested to optimize sensitivity and selectivity. The …

Monte Carlo Modeling Of Spin Polarized Photoemission From Gaas At Low Temperatures And Positive Electron Affinity Surfaces, John Rison Callahan

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Research and development of new photocathode materials are essential to the continuing success and productivity of accelerator technology. High-quality photocathodes characterized by high quantum efficiencies, long lifetimes, low mean transverse energies, and robustness to vacuum environments and operation loads are becoming increasingly essential to the successful operation of the next generation of high brightness accelerator applications. For nuclear and high-energy physics experiments and other applications that rely on spin-polarized electron beams, photocathodes must also demonstrate high electron spin polarizations. The development of state of-the-art spin-polarized photocathodes will require both development of methods to improve the quality of already existing cathode …

Synthesis Of Photocleavable Molecules For Neurological Applications, Nishal Madujith Egodawaththa Arachchilage Don

Theses and Dissertations

In recent biomedical research, the precise control of molecular dynamics through light activation has emerged as a powerful tool, particularly in the field of neurobiology. This approach involves the use of photocleavable cages or photoprotective groups (PPGs) that are chemically tethered to biologically active molecules such as neurotransmitters or calcium chelators. These cages remain inert until exposed to specific wavelengths of light, typically in the visible range, triggering the release of the active compound with high spatiotemporal precision.

For neurotransmitter systems, such as glutamate (Glu), which plays a critical role in synaptic transmission and memory formation, researchers have developed novel …

Evaluation Of Virtual Distance Learning And Teaching In The Architectural Design Studio Experience Of Professors And Students Of The College Of Architecture And Planning - Qassim University - Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia., Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alhrabi

Journal of Engineering Research

The paper deals with the evaluation of distance learning of the architectural design studio during the Corona pandemic, and the extent to which distance learning and teaching were achieved between the professor and the student. The paper aims to share and evaluate the experience of distance learning and teaching of the architectural design studio, in the College of Architecture and Planning at Qassim University. The research problem is that the Corona virus crisis generates many ideas for educational programs and media, but there is a deficiency in knowledge of many programs that achieve the continuity of the educational process remotely, …

Optimal Site Layout Planning For Construction Projects Over Waterways, Rana M. Azzam, Nashwa Mohamed Yossef Prof, Adel I. Eldosouky Prof

Journal of Engineering Research

Construction site layout planning is an important part of a project's success. An effective construction layout plan can enhance the performance of the construction process by improving productivity, ensuring safety, and reducing costs. Given the importance of bridges over a waterway and the lack of interest in previous research for planning a construction site over a waterway. This paper concentrates on the problems of site planning for such projects, including the problem of limited site space. The study indicated that constructing an offshore terminal is one of the primary requirements for projects with limited space being carried out on a …

Developing Paths In Areas Of Distinguished Value Between Preservation And Extinction (A Case Study Of The Railway Axis In The Maadi Area), Kamal Mahmoud Elgabalawy

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract: proportion of the place, and thus the loss of the distinctive general character of the area, which leads to its extinction. These areas are of distinguished value, with all the thought and culture they carry of society over time. Among the areas classified as having distinguished value is the Maadi suburb, which is located in the south of Cairo Governorate, where boundaries and foundations for preserving them have been set through the Central Administration for Studies, Research, and Policies of the National Coordination Organization. The Ministry of Culture, approved by the Supreme Council for Planning and Urban Development by …

Review Of Wood Drying Technologies, Mohamed Salah Elmetwaly, Lotfy Hassan Rabie Saker, Mohamed Sameh Salem

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- This article provides a comprehensive review of drying optimization in data centers by examining the limitations of drying methods and discussing advances proposed by scientists through whom we can provide a comparison between different drying systems with an emphasis on improving energy efficiency and thermal performance. Wood drying under atmospheric pressure has many advantages, including the ability to dry at lower temperatures (by reducing the likelihood of some drying defects), significantly reduced drying times, color preservation, increased energy efficiency, better control of volatile organic compound emissions, and the ability to dry very large cross sections. Previous studies have achieved …

"Towards A Methodology For Studying The Impact Of Integrating Motion Systems In The External Envelope Of A Building On Natural Lighting Inside The Building– (An Applied Study On A Government School In Greater Cairo)", Nashwa Youssif

Journal of Engineering Research

يدرك المصمم ما للعناصر البيئية ولا سيما الإضاءة الطبيعية من دور فاعل في الوصول إلى تصميم ناجح يحقق أفضل أداء إستخدامي، فالإضاءة الطبيعية تذهب إلى صميم عمل المعماري فيستعين بها للإيحاء بشكل الفراغات ولونها وملمس سطوحها.

وهناك العديد من الأساليب الحديثة التي تساعد المعماري علي إتخاذ قراراته التصميمية الخاصة بتصميم المبنى وكيفية الإستفادة من الإضاءة الطبيعية داخل المباني، وهذه الأساليب تهدف إلى زيادة إحترام البيئة وتفترض تحسينات في النظم البيئية من العزل الحراري وإستغلال مصادر الطاقة الطبيعية والإهتمام بنظم الإضاءة الطبيعية والمواد البنائية.

وتعد تقنية دمج الأنظمة الحركية بالغلاف الخارجي للمبنى مع الإستفادة من الإضاءة الطبيعية داخل هذا …

Investigations On V2o5 And Its Derivative Nanocomposites For Photocatalytic Textile Organic Dye Degradation, Jenifer A

Theses and Dissertations

In recent times, organic dyes from industrial sludge become one of the significant causes of water contamination due to their utility in textile and paper manufacturing industries. These organic dyes are highly toxic and carcinogenic. Fortunately, the photocatalytic degradation process is a practical tool for decomposing toxic organic matter in wastewater by utilizing light. The photodegradation process can be performed using semiconductor materials to purify wastewater. Thus, semiconductor photocatalysis is a desirable alternative technique for decolorizing various organic pollutants.

In this context, the present work reports the preparation and characterization of V2O5 nanocomposites by facile methods and tests them against …

The Bioremediation Effect Of Microalgae On Wastewater: A Green Technology Approach, Mohamed Ahmed Reda Hamed Dr, Marwa Abdelfattah Abdallah Dr

Journal of Engineering Research

The present study lays an emphasis on the microalgae-based for simultaneous wastewater bioremediation using Chlorella vulgaris and Micrococcus luteus mixed algal cultures to remove its constituent pollutants, amazing green technology guarantees benefits with the decrease in the formation of dangerous solid sludge. Ten days of fully monitoring laboratory experimental program were performed in batch cultures to investigate the effect of various dominant mixing ratios for attaining wastewater concentrations and different governing temperature ranges on the performance of microalgae treatment. The results revealed that there is a significant impact of both wastewater concentrations and temperature treatment conditions on the capability of …

Indicators And Evidence Of Environmental Sustainability For Pedestrian In Public Parks (Towards An Approach For Formulating A Guideline Evaluation Model), Nashwa Youssif

Journal of Engineering Research

يتناول البحث أحد المجالات التي فرضت تواجدها في الأونة الأخيرة علي الساحة العلمية والبحثية التي تتعلق بالعلاقة التبادلية التأثير بين الإنسان والفراغ العمراني حيث يتنامي الإهتمام بالخصائص الإنسانيه و مدي توافقها مع هذا الفراغ العمراني.

وتعد مسارات المشاة من أهم الحيزات العمرانية التى تشكل النسيج العمراني وأحد أهم وسائل التواصل الإجتماعي والثقافي والوظيفي نظرآ لإرتباطها بالغالبية العظمي من أفراد المجتمع، ومساعدتها على جذب العديـد من الأنشطة داخل الحدائق العامة. مما يشير إلي ضرورة الإهتمام بتحسين بيئة حركة المشاه كمدخل للتواصل والإستدامة.

ومن هنا تتمثل مشكلة البحث في نقص الدراسات حول تقييم العلاقة بين معايير الاستدامة التصميمية والنظم البيئية لمسارات المشاة …