Dentistry Commons^™

Synthesis And Functional Evaluation Of Peptide Modified Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles To Inhibit Porphyromonas Gingivalis Biofilm Formation., Paridhi Kalia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Periodontal disease is an oral inflammatory disorder that afflicts roughly 46% of the adults in the U.S. Currently, treatment of periodontal disease involves the removal of plaque from the gingival pocket (with possible antibiotic treatment) and if necessary, gingival surgery. To our knowledge, no therapeutic approach exists that promotes host-biofilm homeostasis by limiting pathogen recolonization of the oral cavity after prophylaxis or treatment. The interaction of the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis with commensal streptococci is critical for initiation of periodontitis and represents a target for limiting P. gingivalis colonization of the oral cavity. Previous studies showed that a synthetic peptide …

Prevention Of Experimental Periodontitis In Rats With A Simvastatin Prodrug, Aaron Bradley

Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Simvastatin (SIM) is a hypolipidemic drug that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and bone anabolic properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of novel locally-applied SIM conjugated with methoxypolyethylene glycol to form micelles (SIM/SIM-mPEG) in an experimental periodontitis model in rats using micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and histologic evaluation.

Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced using silk ligatures around the maxillary right second molar (M2) in 40 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into five groups using SIM/SIM-mPEG at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg SIM doses, mPEG-alone or no drug (ligature-alone) injected into the palatal M1-M2 gingiva …

Effect Of Chemical Pocket Disinfection As An Adjunct To Non-Surgical Maintenance Therapy Of Inflamed Periodontal Pockets, Chad Riggs

Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: Scaling and root planing with adjunctive chemical pocket disinfection (SRP+C) utilizing sodium hypochlorite solution has been used to treat inflamed pockets of periodontal maintenance patients for many years, without evidence of its benefits. The primary objective was to determine if SRP+C is more effective than scaling and root planing alone (SRP) in improving clinical outcomes. The secondary objective was to compare the effect of SRP+C and SRP on pro-inflammatory IL-1β, anti-inflammatory IL-1ra, and anti-inflammatory index (IL-1ra/IL-1β ratio) found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Materials and Methods: Pockets (≥ 5 mm and BOP) of 31 maintenance patients were included. Test …

Sustained Release Of Calcium Hydroxide From Poly(Dl-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Acid Microspheres For Apexification, Bernardino Isaac Cerda-Cristerna, Alejandro Breceda-Leija, Verónica Méndez-González, Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños, Héctor Flores-Reyes, Arturo Garrocho-Rangel, Takashi Komabayashi, Aniket S. Wadajkar, Amaury J. Pozos-Guillén

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) might be employed for apexification requiring a sustained release of Ca++. The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize Ca(OH)2-PLGA-MS. The Ca(OH)2-loaded MS were prepared by either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil/in-water (W/O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation technique. MS produced by the O/W technique exhibited a larger diameter (18.63 ± 7.23 μm) than the MS produced by the W/O/W technique (15.25 ± 7.37 μm) (Mann Whitney U test P < 0.001). The Ca(OH)2 encapsulation efficiency and Ca++ release were calculated from data obtained by absorption techniques. Ca++ release profile was evaluated for 30 days. The percentage of encapsulation efficiency of the O/W-produced MS was higher (24%) than the corresponding percentage of the W/O/W-produced MS (11%). O/W- and W/O/W-produced MS released slower and lower Ca++ than a control Ca(OH)2 paste with polyethylene glycol 400 (ANOVA 1 way, Tukey HSD P < 0.01). O/W-produced MS released higher Ca++ than W/O/W-produced MS (statistically significant differences with t-Student test). We concluded that Ca(OH)2-PLGA-MS were successfully formulated; the technique of formulation influenced on the size, encapsulation efficiency and release profile. The MS were better sustained release system than the Ca(OH)2 paste.

Periodontal Disease: Molecular Visualization Through Computer Modeling And 3d Printing, Catherine Chatowsky

Senior Honors Projects

Periodontal disease is a common infection that damages gingival tissue and creates jawbone destruction that can lead to the loosening or loss of teeth. Hundreds of diverse bacterial species reside in the harsh environment of the oral cavity. The creation of plaque and biofilms serve to allow the bacteria to avoid immune-mediated destruction. This project analyzed periodontal disease pathogens using molecular printing 3D visualization. Two bacterial species (T. denticola and P. gingivalis) were chosen from the public resource: Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics: Protein Data Bank. T. denticola was a bacteria found to have a binding protein (FhbB) …

Chemokine Function In Periodontal Disease And Oral Cavity Cancer, Sinem Esra Sahingur, W. Andrew Yeudall

Periodontics Publications

The chemotactic cytokines, or chemokines, comprise a superfamily of polypeptides with a wide range of activities that include recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation, as well as stimulation of cell proliferation. As such, they function as antimicrobial molecules and play a central role in host defenses against pathogen challenge. However, their ability to recruit leukocytes and potentiate or prolong the inflammatory response may have profound implications for the progression of oral diseases such as chronic periodontitis, where tissue destruction may be widespread. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that chronic inflammation is a key component of tumor …

Peracetic Acid: A Practical Agent For Sterilizing Heat-Labile Polymeric Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds, William R. Trahan

Theses and Dissertations

Advanced biomaterials and sophisticated processing technologies aim to fabricate tissue-engineering scaffolds that can predictably interact within a biological environment at a cellular level. Sterilization of such scaffolds is at the core of patient safety and is an important regulatory issue that needs to be addressed prior to clinical translation. In addition, it is crucial that meticulously engineered micro- and nano- structures are preserved after sterilization. Conventional sterilization methods involving heat, steam and radiation are not compatible with engineered polymeric systems because of scaffold degradation and loss of architecture. Using electrospun scaffolds made from polycaprolactone (PCL), a low melting polymer, and …

The Role Of Leukocyte-Platelet Rich Fibrin In Human Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Thomas F. Glazier, Thomas C. Waldrop, John C. Gunsolley, Robert Sabatini

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine the healing of intact extraction sockets grafted with leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) as compared to sockets grafted with freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and a resorbable collagen barrier membrane (RCM).

METHODS: This prospective randomized, examiner blinded pilot study included 17 subjects randomized to two treatment groups. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), 25-hydroxyvitamin-D₃, and platelet counts were determined preoperatively in all subjects. The experimental arm consisted of 8 posterior tooth-bounded intact extraction sites receiving L-PRF plugs. The control group consisted of 9 posterior tooth-bounded intact extraction sites receiving FDBA …

Characterization Of Leukocyte-Platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial, Fadi K. Hasan

Theses and Dissertations

Autologous platelet concentrates represent promising innovative tools in the field of regenerative medicine and are successfully used in oral surgery. Several commercial systems exist that generate various forms of platelet concentrates including Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The alpha- granules of entrapped platelets release a variety of peptide growth factors that promotes healing. Usually PRP is a suspension that can be injected into the site of injury or used as a gel with the addition of thrombin (PRP-gel). In contrast Choukroun’s L-PRF is a dense fibrin based biomaterial enriched with platelets and growth factors. The physical state of …